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Li Z, Zeng Q, Hu S, Liu Z, Wang S, Jin Y, Li L, Ou H, Wu Z. Chaihu Shugan San ameliorated cognitive deficits through regulating gut microbiota in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1181226. [PMID: 37256236 PMCID: PMC10226648 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1181226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicines exhibit promising preventive effects on Alzheimer's disease. Chaihu Shugan San (CSS) is a well-known traditional herbal formula whose several kinds of ingredients have the potential of ameliorating Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CSS on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and cognitive deficits of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as well as investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thirty 5-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the model group (SAMP8), CSS low-dose treatment group (CSSL), and CSS high-dose treatment group (CSSH). Ten SAMR1 mice were used as the normal control, and ten SAMP8 mice treated with donepezil were used as the positive control of cognitive function. CSS was orally administrated to SAMP8 mice for 8 weeks. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function. Histological staining was used to observe neuronal injury and Aβ deposition. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the synaptic ultrastructure. 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed to measure the changes in intestinal microbiota. Results: The results showed that CSS significantly improved the learning function and memory deficits of aged SAMP8 mice in the Morris water maze examination. CSS ameliorated neuronal injury, synaptic injuries, and Aβ deposition in the brain of SAMP8 mice. In addition, CSS also significantly improved microbiota composition in terms of elevating Lactobacillus reuteri and decreasing Staphylococcus xylosus in the feces of aged SAMP8 mice. Conclusion: These findings suggested that CSS might have a preventive potential for cognitive deficits in aging through regulating gut microbiota, which paved the way for the application of CSS for prevention and therapeutic purposes for mild cognitive impairment as well as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanyan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanlin Ou
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Academician Workstation, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
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2
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Liu Z, Xing L, Huang W, Liu B, Wan F, Raffa KF, Hofstetter RW, Qian W, Sun J. Chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomic analyses provide insights into adaptive evolution of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens. BMC Biol 2022; 20:190. [PMID: 36002826 PMCID: PMC9400205 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological invasions are responsible for substantial environmental and economic losses. The red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, is an important invasive bark beetle from North America that has caused substantial tree mortality in China. The lack of a high-quality reference genome seriously limits deciphering the extent to which genetic adaptions resulted in a secondary pest becoming so destructive in its invaded area. RESULTS Here, we present a 322.41 Mb chromosome-scale reference genome of RTB, of which 98% of assembled sequences are anchored onto fourteen linkage groups including the X chromosome with a N50 size of 24.36 Mb, which is significantly greater than other Coleoptera species. Repetitive sequences make up 45.22% of the genome, which is higher than four other Coleoptera species, i.e., Mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae, red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, blister beetle Hycleus cichorii, and Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. We identify rapidly expanded gene families and positively selected genes in RTB, which may be responsible for its rapid environmental adaptation. Population genetic structure of RTB was revealed by genome resequencing of geographic populations in native and invaded regions, suggesting substantial divergence of the North American population and illustrates the possible invasion and spread route in China. Selective sweep analysis highlighted the enhanced ability of Chinese populations in environmental adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our high-quality reference genome represents an important resource for genomics study of invasive bark beetles, which will facilitate the functional study and decipher mechanism underlying invasion success of RTB by integrating the Pinus tabuliformis genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhudong Liu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Longsheng Xing
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | | | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kenneth F Raffa
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Jianghua Sun
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000101, China.
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3
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Wang N, Wu X, Yang Q, Wang D, Wu Z, Wei Y, Cui J, Hong L, Xiong L, Qin D. Qinglong Zhidong Decoction Alleviated Tourette Syndrome in Mice via Modulating the Level of Neurotransmitters and the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819872. [PMID: 35392572 PMCID: PMC8981146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Qinglong Zhidong Decoction (QLZDD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been effectively used to alleviate Tourette syndrome (TS) in children. However, the therapeutic mechanism of QLZDD on TS has not been evaluated. The present study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effect and the possible therapeutic mechanism of QLZDD on TS in mouse model. A 3,3-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN, 350 mg/kg)-induced-TS mouse model was established. The mice were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the haloperidol group (14 mg/kg), the low-, middle-, or high-QLZDD-dose groups (6.83 g/kg, 13.65 g/kg, 27.3 g/kg). QLZDD was administrated orally once a day for 4 weeks. The tic-like behavior was recorded weekly. Then, neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors were analyzed by ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative reverse transcription PCR in striatum. Further, the alteration to intestinal flora was monitored by 16s rRNA sequencing, and the role of gut microbiota in the alleviation of TS by QLZDD was investigated. QLZDD ameliorated the tic-like behavior, and decreased the level of excitatory neurotransmitters such as Glu and DA and increased the level of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA significantly. Moreover, QLZDD significantly blocked the mRNA expression and the protein expression of D1R and D2R in the striatum, while activated the levels of DAT and GABAR. Interestingly, QLZDD mediated the composition of gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides but decreasing the abundance of Alloprevotella and Akkermansia. Taken together, QLZDD ameliorated the tic-like behavior in TS mouse, its mechanism of action may be associated with restoring the balance of gut microbiota and neurotransmitters. The study indicated a promising role of QLZDD in alleviating TS and a therapeutic strategy for fighting TS in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Huanghe S & T University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchen Wu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dingyue Wang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jieqiong Cui
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Li Hong
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Shi Y, Chen M, Zhao Z, Pan J, Huang S. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analyses of Mechanisms Underlying Effects of the Cyperi Rhizoma- Chuanxiong Rhizoma Herb Pair on Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5704578. [PMID: 34976096 PMCID: PMC8716227 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5704578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the Cyperi Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma herb pair (CCHP) against depression using a network pharmacology approach. METHODS A network pharmacology approach, including screening of active compounds, target prediction, construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA), were used to explore the mechanisms of CCHP against depression. RESULTS Twenty-six active compounds and 315 and 207 targets of CCHP and depression, respectively, were identified. The PPI network suggested that AKT1, IL-6, TP53, DRD2, MAPK1, NR3C1, TNF, etc., were core targets. GO enrichment analyses showed that positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, plasma membrane, and protein binding were of great significance. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, and mTOR signaling pathway were important pathways. Molecular docking results revealed good binding affinities for the core compounds and core targets. MD simulations and MMPBSA validated that quercetin can stably bind to 6hhi. CONCLUSIONS The effects of CCHP against depression involve multiple components, targets, and pathways, and these findings will promote further research on and clinical application of CCHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mingqi Chen
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juhua Pan
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shijing Huang
- Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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5
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Ramos-da-Silva L, Carlson PT, Silva-Costa LC, Martins-de-Souza D, de Almeida V. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Antidepressant Treatment on Major Depression. Complex Psychiatry 2021; 7:49-59. [PMID: 35813936 PMCID: PMC8739385 DOI: 10.1159/000518098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and multifactorial psychiatric disorder that causes serious health, social, and economic concerns worldwide. The main treatment of the symptoms is through antidepressant (AD) drugs. However, not all patients respond properly to these drugs. Omic sciences are widely used to analyze not only biomarkers for the AD response but also their molecular mechanism. In this review, we aimed to focus on omics data to better understand the molecular mechanisms involving AD effects on MDD. We consistently found, from preclinical to clinical data, that glutamatergic transmission, immune/inflammatory processes, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism were associated with traditional and potential new ADs. Despite efforts of studies investigating biomarkers of response to ADs, which could contribute to personalized treatment, there is no biomarker panel available for clinical application. From clinical genomic studies, we found that the main findings contribute to the development of pharmacogenomic tests for AD efficacy for each patient. Several studies pointed at DRD2, PXDNL, CACNA1E, and CACNA2D1 genes as potential targets for MDD treatment and the efficacy and rapid-antidepressant effect of ketamine. Finally, more in-depth studies of the molecular targets pointed here are needed to determine the clinical relevance and provide further evidence for precision MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ramos-da-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pamela T. Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licia C. Silva-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Liu X, Teng T, Li X, Fan L, Xiang Y, Jiang Y, Du K, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Impact of Inosine on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors With the Alteration of Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697640. [PMID: 34595128 PMCID: PMC8476956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antidepressants do not confer a clear advantage in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence highlights the potential antidepressant-like effects of inosine on adult MDD, and gut microbiomes are significantly associated with MDD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, few studies have investigated possible associations between inosine and gut microbiota in adolescents with MDD. The current study investigated the potential antidepressant effects of inosine in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. After 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation, the mice were assessed by body weight, the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test, and the elevated plus maze (EPM). The microbiota compositions of feces were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inosine significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice including SPT and EPM results. Fecal microbial composition differed in the CON+saline, CUMS+saline, and CUMS+inosine groups, which were characterized by 126 discriminative amplicon sequence variants belonging to Bacteroidetes and Firmicute at the phylum level and Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level. Muribaculaceae was positively associated with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. KEGG functional analysis suggested that inosine might affect gut microbiota through carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. The results of the study indicated that inosine improved depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice, in conjunction with the alteration of fecal microbial composition. Our findings may provide a novel perspective on the antidepressant effects of inosine in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
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7
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Han SK, Kim JK, Park HS, Shin YJ, Kim DH. Chaihu-Shugan-San (Shihosogansan) alleviates restraint stress-generated anxiety and depression in mice by regulating NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression through the modulation of gut microbiota. Chin Med 2021; 16:77. [PMID: 34391441 PMCID: PMC8364688 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS, named Shihosogansan in Korean), a Chinese traditional medicine, is frequently used to treat anxiety and depression. Psychiatric disorders including depression are associated with gut dysbiosis. Therefore, to comprehend gut microbiota-involved anti-depressive effect of CSS, we examined its effect on restraint stress (RS)-induced depression and gut dysbiosis in mice METHODS: CSS was extracted with water in boiling water bath and freeze-dried. Anxiety and depression was induced in C57BL/6 mice by exposure to RS. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were measured in the light/dark transition and elevated plus maze tasks, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test. Biomarkers were assayed by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed by Illumina iSeq sequencer. RESULTS CSS significantly reduced the RS-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. CSS suppressed the RS-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and increased the RS-suppressed expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, CSS suppressed the RS-induced IL-6 and corticosterone level in the blood and IL-6 expression and myeloperoxidase activity in the colon. CSS decreased the RS-induced γ-Proteobacteria population in gut microbiota, while the RS-suppressed Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, and AC160630_f populations increased. Fecal transplantation of vehicle-treated control or RS/CSS-treated mice into RS-exposed mice significantly mitigated RS-induced anxity- and depression-like behaviors, suppressed the NF-κB activation in the hippocampus and colon, and reduced the IL-6 and corticosterone levels in the blood. These fecal microbiota transplantations suppressed RS-induced Desulfovibrionaceae and γ-Proteobacteria populations and increased RS-suppressed Lactobacillaceae and Prevotellaceae poulation in the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS CSS alleviated anxiety and depression by inducing NF-κB-involved BDNF expression through the regulation of gut inflammation and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kap Han
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jeong Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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8
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Emerging application of metabolomics on Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111866. [PMID: 34225013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a kind of emotional disorder that is mainly manifested with spontaneous and persistent low mood. Its etiology is complex and still not fully understood. Metabolomics, an important part of system biology characterized by its integrity and systematicness, analyzes endogenous metabolites of small molecules in vivo and examines the metabolic status of the organism. It is widely used in the field of disease research for its unique advantage in the disease molecular marker discovering Due to fewer adverse reactions and high safety, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has great advantages in the treatment of chronic diseases including depression. Metabolomics has been gradually applied to the efficacy evaluation of CHM in treatment of depression and the metabolomics analysis exhibits a systemic metabolic shift in amino acids (such as alanine, glutamic acid, valine, etc.), organic acids (lactic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, etc.), and sugars, amines, etc. These differential metabolites are mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, etc. In this review, we have exemplified the study of CHM in animals or clinics on the depression, and revealed that CHM treatment has significantly changed the metabolic disorders associated with depression, promoting metabolic network reorganization through restoring of key metabolites, and metabolic pathways, which may be the main mechanism basis of CHM's treatment on depression. Besides, we further envisioned the future application of metabolomics in the study of CHM treatment of depression.
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9
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Subba R, Sandhir R, Singh SP, Mallick BN, Mondal AC. Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2870-2900. [PMID: 33529409 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing depression and vice versa. Research on this bidirectional association has somewhat managed to delineate the interplay among implicated physiological processes. Still, further exploration is required in this context. This review addresses the comorbidity by investigating suspected common pathophysiological mechanisms. One such factor is psychological stress which disturbs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing hormonal imbalance. This includes elevated cortisol levels, a common biomarker of both depression and diabetes. Disrupted insulin signaling drives the hampered neurotransmission of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Also, adipokine hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, are involved in both depression and T2DM. This disarray further interferes with physiological processes encompassing sleep, the gut-brain axis, metabolism, and mood stability. Behavioral coping mechanisms, such as unhealthy eating, mediate disturbed glucose homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. This is intricately linked to oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, interventions such as psychotherapy, physical exercise, fecal microbiota transplantation, and insulin-sensitizing agents can help to manage the distressing condition. The possibility of glucagon-like peptide 1 possessing a therapeutic role has also been discussed. Nonetheless, there stands an urgent need for unraveling new correlating targets and biological markers for efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Subba
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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