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Zhu C, Zhao Y, Yang F, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Yang Z, Dao X, Laghi L. Microbiome and metabolome analyses of milk and feces from dairy cows with healthy, subclinical, and clinical mastitis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374911. [PMID: 38912351 PMCID: PMC11191547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is commonly recognized as a localized inflammatory udder disease induced by the infiltration of exogenous pathogens. In the present study, our objective was to discern fecal and milk variations in both microbiota composition and metabolite profiles among three distinct groups of cows: healthy cows, cows with subclinical mastitis and cows with clinical mastitis. The fecal microbial community of cows with clinical mastitis was significantly less rich and diverse than the one harbored by healthy cows. In parallel, mastitis caused a strong disturbance in milk microbiota. Metabolomic profiles showed that eleven and twenty-eight molecules exhibited significant differences among the three groups in feces and milk, respectively. Similarly, to microbiota profile, milk metabolome was affected by mastitis more extensively than fecal metabolome, with particular reference to amino acids and sugars. Pathway analysis revealed that amino acids metabolism and energy metabolism could be considered as the main pathways altered by mastitis. These findings underscore the notable distinctions of fecal and milk samples among groups, from microbiome and metabolomic points of view. This observation stands to enhance our comprehension of mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Falong Yang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Dao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Zhu C, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Yang Z, Yang F, Yang Y, Tang J, Laghi L. Metabolomic Analysis of Multiple Biological Specimens (Feces, Serum, and Urine) by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040741. [PMID: 36830529 PMCID: PMC9952568 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide, mastitis can be considered as one of the most common diseases in dairy cows. This work aimed to study this disease by comparing multiple biological specimens (feces, serum, and urine) from individuals with or without clinical mastitis. This was performed by a single analytical platform, namely 1H-NMR, through a multi-matrix strategy. Thanks to the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we could characterize 120 molecules across dairy cow feces, serum, and urine. Among them, 23 molecules were in common across the three biofluids. By integrating the results of multi-matrix metabolomics, several pathways pertaining to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism appeared to be affected by clinical mastitis. The present work wished to deepen the understanding of dairy cow mastitis in its clinical form. Simultaneous analysis of metabolome changes across several key biofluids could facilitate knowledge discovery and the reliable identification of potential biomarkers, which could be, in turn, used to shed light on the early diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis in its subclinical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Falong Yang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Farming and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Ganzi County, Ganzi 626700, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928243 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928243 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Choi Y, Jo SU, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Metabolic profiling of serum and urine in lactating dairy cows
affected by subclinical ketosis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:247-261. [PMID: 35530404 PMCID: PMC9039949 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketosis is associated with high milk yield during lactating or insufficient feed
intake in lactating dairy cows. However, few studies have been conducted on the
metabolomics of ketosis in Korean lactating dairy cows. The present study aimed
to investigate the serum and urine metabolites profiling of lactating dairy cows
through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and
comparing those between healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) groups. Six
lactating dairy cows were categorized into CON and SCK groups. All experimental
Holstein cows were fed total mixed ration. Serum and urine samples were
collected from the jugular vein of the neck and by hand sweeping the perineum,
respectively. The metabolites in the serum and urine were determined using
1H-NMR spectroscopy. Identification and quantification of
metabolites was performed by Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software. Metabolites
statistical analysis was performed by Metaboanalyst version 5.0 program. In the
serum, the acetoacetate level was significantly (p <
0.05) higher in the SCK group than in the CON group, and whereas acetate,
galactose and pyruvate levels tended to be higher. CON group had significantly
(p < 0.05) higher levels of 5-aminolevulinate and
betaine. Indole-3-acetate, theophylline, p-cresol, 3-hydroxymandelate,
gentisate, N-acetylglucosamine,
N-nitrosodimethylamine, xanthine and pyridoxine levels were
significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the urine of the SCK
group than that in the CON group, which had higher levels of homogentisate,
ribose, gluconate, ethylene glycol, maltose, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate and
glycocholate. Some significantly (p < 0.05) different
metabolites in the serum and urine were associated with ketosis diseases,
inflammation, energy balance and body weight. This study will be contributed
useful a future ketosis metabolomics studies in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- University Centered Labs, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- University Centered Labs, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sung Sill Lee, Division of
Applied Life Science (BK21) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-1883,
E-mail:
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Eom JS, Kim ET, Kim HS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee SS. Metabolomics comparison of serum and urine in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1930-1939. [PMID: 33902181 PMCID: PMC8563233 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine. METHODS Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. RESULTS The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples. CONCLUSION The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Metabolic Profiling of Rumen Fluid and Milk in Lactating Dairy Cattle Influenced by Subclinical Ketosis Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092526. [PMID: 34573491 PMCID: PMC8471376 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ketosis metabolic research is extremely rare in Korea. This study aimed to compare the rumen fluid and milk metabolites between healthy and subclinical ketosis-diagnosed lactating dairy cattle. Six Holstein cows were allocated into two groups based on whether they fit the criteria for subclinical ketosis, and their rumen fluid and milk samples were collected from the stomach tube and pipeline milking system. Rumen fluid and milk samples metabolites were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They were identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and statistical analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. In rumen fluid, ruminant energy source metabolites (acetate, glucose, and propionate) were significantly higher in the healthy group, whereas in milk, ketone body metabolites (3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) were significantly higher in the subclinical ketosis-diagnosed group. This report will serve as a reference guide for future studies on ketosis metabolomics in Korea. Abstract Ketosis metabolic research on lactating dairy cattle has been conducted worldwide; however, there have been very few Korean studies. Biofluids from lactating dairy cattle are necessary to study ketosis metabolic diseases. Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups (healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis diagnosed (SCK)). Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected using a stomach tube and a pipeline milking system, respectively. Metabolites were determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and they were identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and Metaboanalyst 5.0. In the rumen fluid of the SCK group, butyrate, sucrose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, maltose, and valerate levels were significantly higher than in the CON group, which showed higher levels of N,N-dimethylformamide, acetate, glucose, and propionate were significantly higher. Milk from the SCK group showed higher levels of maleate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, galactonate, and 3-hydroxykynurenine than that from the CON group, which showed higher levels of galactitol, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, γ-glutamylphenylalanine, 5-aminolevulinate, acetate, and methylamine. Some metabolites are associated with ketosis diseases and the quality of rumen fluid and milk. This report will serve as a future reference guide for ketosis metabolomics studies in Korea.
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