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Lee ZJ, Xie C, Duan X, Ng K, Suleria HAR. Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Parameters for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds in Brown Seaweed: Comparison with Conventional Techniques. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38671858 PMCID: PMC11047748 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, in particular, brown seaweed, has gained research interest in the past few years due to its distinctive phenolic profile that has a multitude of bioactive properties. In order to obtain the maximum extraction efficiency of brown seaweed phenolic compounds, Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions such as the amplitude, time, solvent:solid ratio, and NaOH concentration. Under optimal conditions, UAE had a higher extraction efficiency of free and bound phenolic compounds compared to conventional extraction (stirred 16 h at 4 °C). This led to higher antioxidant activity in the seaweed extract obtained under UAE conditions. The profiling of phenolic compounds using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS identified a total of 25 phenolics with more phenolics extracted from the free phenolic extraction compared to the bound phenolic extracts. Among them, peonidin 3-O-diglucodise-5-O-glucoside and hesperidin 5,7-O-diglucuronide are unique compounds that were identified in P. comosa, E. radiata and D. potatorum, which are not reported in plants. Overall, our findings provided optimal phenolic extraction from brown seaweed for research into employing brown seaweed as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (Z.J.L.); (C.X.); (X.D.); (K.N.)
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Islamova R, Yanshin N, Zamyatkina E, Gulk E, Zuy E, Billig S, Birkemeyer C, Tarakhovskaya E. Metabolic Adjustment of High Intertidal Alga Pelvetia canaliculata to the Tidal Cycle Includes Oscillations of Soluble Carbohydrates, Phlorotannins, and Citric Acid Content. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10626. [PMID: 37445801 PMCID: PMC10341635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown alga Pelvetia canaliculata is one of the species successfully adapted to intertidal conditions. Inhabiting the high intertidal zone, Pelvetia spends most of its life exposed to air, where it is subjected to desiccation, light, and temperature stresses. However, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms allowing this alga to tolerate such extreme conditions are still largely unknown. The objective of our study is to compare the biochemical composition of Pelvetia during the different phases of the tidal cycle. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to draft a detailed biochemical network underneath the complex physiological processes, conferring the successful survival of this organism in the harsh conditions of the high intertidal zone of the polar seas. We considered the tide-induced changes in relative water content, stress markers, titratable acidity, pigment, and phlorotannin content, as well as the low molecular weight metabolite profiles (GC-MS-based approach) in Pelvetia thalli. Thallus desiccation was not accompanied by considerable increase in reactive oxygen species content. Metabolic adjustment of P. canaliculata to emersion included accumulation of soluble carbohydrates, various phenolic compounds, including intracellular phlorotannins, and fatty acids. Changes in titratable acidity accompanied by the oscillations of citric acid content imply that some processes related to the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) may be involved in Pelvetia adaptation to the tidal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Islamova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.I.)
| | - Nikolay Yanshin
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.I.)
| | - Elizaveta Zamyatkina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Gulk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Zuy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.I.)
| | - Susan Billig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (C.B.)
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.I.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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First Insight into the Neuroprotective and Antibacterial Effects of Phlorotannins Isolated from the Cell Walls of Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030696. [PMID: 36978944 PMCID: PMC10045267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeophyceae (brown algae) essentially contribute to biotopes of cold and temperate seas. Their thalli are rich in biologically active natural products, which are strongly and universally dominated with phlorotannins—polyphenols of complex and diverse structure based on multiple differently arranged phloroglucinol units and well known as strong antioxidants with a broad spectrum of biological activities. In the algal cells, phlorotannins can either accumulate in the cytoplasm or can be secreted into the cell wall (CW). The biological activities of extractable intracellular phlorotannins have been comprehensively characterized, whereas the properties of the CW-bound polyphenol fraction are still mostly unknown. Recently, we identified dibenzodioxin bonding as the principal structural feature of the CW-bound phlorotannins in fucoid algae, whereas soluble intracellular phlorotannins rely on aryl and ether bonds. However, profiles of biological activity associated with these structural differences are still unknown. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time we address the antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and antibacterial properties of the CW-bound phlorotannin fractions isolated from two representatives of the order Fucales—Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata. The CW-bound phlorotannins appeared to be softer antioxidants, stronger antibacterial agents and were featured with essentially less cytotoxicity in comparison to the intracellular fraction. However, the neuroprotective effects of both sub-cellular phlorotannin fractions of F. vesiculosus and P. canaliculata were similar. Thus, due to their lower cytotoxicity, CW-bound phlorotannins can be considered as promising antioxidants and neuroprotectors.
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Lemesheva V, Islamova R, Stepchenkova E, Shenfeld A, Birkemeyer C, Tarakhovskaya E. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Algicidal Activity of Phlorotannins, as Principal Biologically Active Components of Ten Species of Brown Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:821. [PMID: 36840169 PMCID: PMC9966351 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine seaweeds synthesize a plethora of bioactive metabolites, of which phlorotannins of brown algae currently attract special attention due to their high antibiotic and cytotoxic capacities. Here we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several semi-purified phlorotannin preparations of different origins and molecular composition using a set of model unicellular organisms, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, etc. For the first time, MIC values were evaluated for phlorotannin-enriched extracts of brown algae of the orders Ectocarpales and Desmarestiales. Phlorotannin extracts of Desmarestia aculeata, Fucus vesiculosus, and Ectocarpus siliculosus showed the lowest MIC values against most of the treated organisms (4-25 μg/mL for bacteria and yeast). Analysis of the survival curves of E. coli showed that massive loss of cells started after 3-4 h of exposure. Microalgae were less susceptible to activity of phlorotannin extracts, with the highest MIC values (≥200 µg/mL) measured for Chlorella vulgaris cells. D. aculeata, E. siliculosus, and three fucalean algae accumulate considerable amounts (4-16% of dry weight) of phlorotannins with MIC values similar to those widely used antibiotics. As these species grow abundantly in polar and temperate seas and have considerable biomass, they may be regarded as promising sources of phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Lemesheva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Renata Islamova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Shenfeld
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnestr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Yang Y, Hassan SH, Awasthi MK, Gajendran B, Sharma M, Ji MK, Salama ES. The recent progress on the bioactive compounds from algal biomass for human health applications. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Yanshin N, Kushnareva A, Lemesheva V, Birkemeyer C, Tarakhovskaya E. Chemical Composition and Potential Practical Application of 15 Red Algal Species from the White Sea Coast (the Arctic Ocean). Molecules 2021; 26:2489. [PMID: 33923301 PMCID: PMC8123152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Though numerous valuable compounds from red algae already experience high demand in medicine, nutrition, and different branches of industry, these organisms are still recognized as an underexploited resource. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of 15 Arctic red algal species from the perspective of their practical relevance in medicine and the food industry. We show that several virtually unstudied species may be regarded as promising sources of different valuable metabolites and minerals. Thus, several filamentous ceramialean algae (Ceramium virgatum, Polysiphonia stricta, Savoiea arctica) had total protein content of 20-32% of dry weight, which is comparable to or higher than that of already commercially exploited species (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra sp.). Moreover, ceramialean algae contained high amounts of pigments, macronutrients, and ascorbic acid. Euthora cristata (Gigartinales) accumulated free essential amino acids, taurine, pantothenic acid, and floridoside. Thalli of P. palmata and C. virgatum contained the highest amounts of the nonproteinogenic amino acid β-alanine (9.1 and 3.2 μM g-1 DW, respectively). Several red algae tend to accumulate heavy metals; although this may limit their application in the food industry, it makes them promising candidates for phytoremediation or the use as bioindicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Yanshin
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Y.); (V.L.)
| | | | - Valeriia Lemesheva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Y.); (V.L.)
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Y.); (V.L.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, St. Petersburg Branch, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Emeline CB, Ludovic D, Laurent V, Catherine L, Kruse I, Erwan AG, Florian W, Philippe P. Induction of Phlorotannins and Gene Expression in the Brown Macroalga Fucus vesiculosus in Response to the Herbivore Littorina littorea. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:185. [PMID: 33810577 PMCID: PMC8067260 DOI: 10.3390/md19040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms related to the induction of phlorotannin biosynthesis in marine brown algae remain poorly known. Several studies undertaken on fucoid species have shown that phlorotannins accumulate in the algae for several days or weeks after being exposed to grazing, and this is measured by direct quantification of soluble phenolic compounds. In order to investigate earlier inducible responses involved in phlorotannin metabolism, Fucus vesiculosus was studied between 6 and 72 h of grazing by the sea snail Littorina littorea. In this study, the quantification of soluble phenolic compounds was complemented by a Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) approach applied on genes that are potentially involved in either the phlorotannin metabolism or stress responses. Soluble phlorotannin levels remained stable during the kinetics and increased significantly only after 12 h in the presence of grazers, compared to the control, before decreasing to the initial steady state for the rest of the kinetics. Under grazing conditions, the expression of vbpo, cyp450 and ast6 genes was upregulated, respectively, at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, and cyp450 gene was downregulated after 72 h. Interestingly, the pksIII gene involved in the synthesis of phloroglucinol was overexpressed under grazing conditions after 24 h and 72 h. This study supports the hypothesis that phlorotannins are able to provide an inducible chemical defense under grazing activity, which is regulated at different stages of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Creis Bendelac Emeline
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France; (C.B.E.); (D.L.); (V.L.); (L.C.)
- International Research Laboratory IRL 3614, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, PUC, UACH, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, EBEA, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Delage Ludovic
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France; (C.B.E.); (D.L.); (V.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Vallet Laurent
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France; (C.B.E.); (D.L.); (V.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Leblanc Catherine
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France; (C.B.E.); (D.L.); (V.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Inken Kruse
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Ar Gall Erwan
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, UBO European Institute for Marine Studies IUEM, University of Brest—Western Brittany, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Rue Dumont d’Urville, 29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France
| | - Weinberger Florian
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Potin Philippe
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France; (C.B.E.); (D.L.); (V.L.); (L.C.)
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