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Nasser R, Ibrahim E, Fouad H, Ahmad F, Li W, Zhou Q, Yu T, Chidwala N, Mo J. Termiticidal Effects and Morpho-Histological Alterations in the Subterranean Termite ( Odontotermes formosanus) Induced by Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, and Chitosan Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:927. [PMID: 38869552 PMCID: PMC11173738 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in agricultural pest control as a secure substitute for pesticides. However, the effect of nanoparticles on controlling the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus (O. formosanus) has not been studied yet. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some nanomaterials in controlling O. formosanus. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) biosynthesized using the culture filtrate of Scedosporium apiospermum (S. apiospermum) had an effective role in controlling O. formosanus. Moreover, the mortality rate of O. formosanus after 48 h of treatment with ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs at a 1000 µg/mL concentration was 100%, 100%, and 97.67%, respectively. Furthermore, using ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs on O. formosanus resulted in morpho-histological variations in the normal structure, leading to its death. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the Zeta potential were used to characterize the biosynthesis of ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs with strong activity against O. formosanus termites. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that biosynthesized ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs have enormous potential for use as innovative, ecologically safe pesticides for O. formosanus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Nasser
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (R.N.); (W.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.Y.); (N.C.)
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ezzeldin Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Department of Vegetable Diseases Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza 12916, Egypt
| | - Hatem Fouad
- Department of Field Crop Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan P.O. Box 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Wuhan Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (R.N.); (W.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Qihuan Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (R.N.); (W.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Ting Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (R.N.); (W.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Nooney Chidwala
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (R.N.); (W.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.Y.); (N.C.)
| | - Jianchu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (R.N.); (W.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.Y.); (N.C.)
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Mani K, Vitenberg T, Khatib S, Opatovsky I. Effect of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on the growth characteristics and metabolism of black soldier fly larvae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105684. [PMID: 38072541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus widely used in agriculture to reduce populations of various pests. However, when agricultural waste is utilized for organic recycling, B. bassiana has the potential to impact recycling performance, by affecting the survival, and body mass of decomposing organisms (such as insect's larvae). Additionally, in natural conditions where decayed organic matter contains a high load of different entomopathogenic organisms, larval growth may be affected when consumed or in contact. In a laboratory study, we aimed to comprehend the effects of B. bassiana on the growth characteristics and larval metabolism of the black soldier fly larvae, which is a known decomposing insect. The experiments used both feeding (mixing the spores with the diet, hereafter BF) and contact treatments (by dipping the larva in the spores solution, hereafter BD), and were compared to a water-treated control group. The BF treatment significantly reduced larval body weight, adult emergence, and adult weight compared to both the control and the BD treatment. Furthermore, an analysis of hemolymph metabolites, categorized by class, indicated a higher accumulation of metabolites belonging to the purine and purine derivative classes, as well as carboxylic acids and their derivatives, including peptides and oligopeptides, indicating potential disruption of protein synthesis or degradation caused by the BF treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant alterations in purine metabolism and D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism compared to the control. Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly altered in the BD treatment compared to the control but not significantly enriched in the BF treatment. Our results suggest that the BF treatment impairs protein synthesis or degradation, affecting larval growth characteristics. Future studies should explore innate immunity-related gene expression and antimicrobial peptide production in BSF larvae to understand their immunity to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mani
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Tzach Vitenberg
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Itai Opatovsky
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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Diouf M, Hervé V, Fréchault S, Lambourdière J, Ndiaye AB, Miambi E, Bourceret A, Jusselme MD, Selosse MA, Rouland-Lefèvre C. Succession of the microbiota in the gut of reproductives of Macrotermes subhyalinus (Termitidae) at colony foundation gives insights into symbionts transmission. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1055382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Termites have co-evolved with a complex gut microbiota consisting mostly of exclusive resident taxa, but key forces sustaining this exclusive partnership are still poorly understood. The potential for primary reproductives to vertically transmit their gut microbiota (mycobiome and bacteriome) to offspring was investigated using colony foundations from field-derived swarming alates of Macrotermes subhyalinus. Metabarcoding based on the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the reproductives mycobiome and bacteriome over the colony foundation time. The mycobiome of swarming alates differed from that of workers of Macrotermitinae and changed randomly within and between sampling time points, highlighting no close link with the gut habitat. The fungal ectosymbiont Termitomyces was lost early from the gut of reproductives, confirming the absence of vertical transmission to offspring. Unlike fungi, the bacteriome of alates mirrored that of workers of Macroterminae. Key genera and core OTUs inherited from the mother colony mostly persisted in the gut of reproductive until the emergence of workers, enabling their vertical transmission and explaining why they were found in offspring workers. These findings demonstrate that the parental transmission may greatly contribute to the maintenance of the bacteriome and its co-evolution with termite hosts at short time scales.
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