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Jorge-Smeding E, Leung YH, Ruiz-González A, Xu W, Astessiano AL, Trujillo AI, Rico DE, Kenéz Á. Plasma and milk metabolomics revealed changes in amino acid metabolism in Holstein dairy cows under heat stress. Animal 2024; 18:101049. [PMID: 38215677 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of metabolic alterations triggered by heat stress is incomplete, which limits the designing of nutritional strategies to mitigate negative productive and health effects. Thus, this study aimed to explore the metabolic responses of heat-stressed dairy cows to dietary supplementation with vitamin D3/Ca and vitamin E/Se. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in a split-plot Latin square design with two distinct vitamin E/Se supplementation levels, either at a low (ESe-, n = 6, 11.1 IU/kg vitamin E and 0.55 mg/kg Se) or a high dose (ESe+, n = 6 223 IU/kg vitamin E and 1.8 mg/kg Se) as the main plot. Treatment subplots, arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, comprised heat challenge (Temperature Humidity Index, THI: 72.0-82.0) supplemented with different levels of vitamin D3/Ca: either low (HS/DCa-, 1 012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively) or high (HS/DCa+, 3 764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), and a pair-fed control group in thermoneutrality (THI = 61.0-64.0) receiving the low dose of vitamin D3/Ca (TN). The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome profile was determined in blood plasma and milk sampled at the beginning (day 0) and end (day 14) of each experimental period. The results were analyzed for the effect of (1) TN vs. HS/ESe-/DCa-, and (2) the vitamin E/Se and vitamin D3/Ca supplementation. No group or group × day effects were detected in the plasma metabolome (false discovery rate, FDR > 0.05), except for triglyceride 52:2 being higher (FDR = 0.03) on day 0 than 14. Taurine, creatinine and butyryl-carnitine showed group × day interactions in the milk metabolome (FDR ≤ 0.05) as creatinine (+22%) and butyryl-carnitine (+190%) were increased (P < 0.01) on day 14, and taurine was decreased (-65%, P < 0.01) on day 14 in the heat stress (HS) cows, compared with day 0. Most compounds were unaffected by vitamin E/Se or vitamin D3/Ca supplementation level or their interaction (FDR > 0.05) in plasma and milk, except for milk alanine which was lower (-69%, FDR = 0.03) in the E/Se+ groups, compared with E/Se-. Our results indicated that HS triggered more prominent changes in the milk than in the plasma metabolome, with consistent results in milk suggesting increased muscle catabolism, as reflected by increased creatinine, alanine and citrulline levels. Supplementing with high levels of vitamin E/Se or vitamin D3/Ca or their combination did not appear to affect the metabolic remodeling triggered by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jorge-Smeding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda Garzón 780, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Y H Leung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Ruiz-González
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault G0A 1S0, QC, Canada; Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada
| | - W Xu
- Department of Biosystems, Biosystems Technology Cluster, KU Leuven, Geel 3001, Belgium
| | - A L Astessiano
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda Garzón 780, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - A I Trujillo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda Garzón 780, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault G0A 1S0, QC, Canada
| | - Á Kenéz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jangra A, Gola P, Singh J, Gond P, Ghosh S, Rachamalla M, Dey A, Iqbal D, Kamal M, Sachdeva P, Jha SK, Ojha S, Kumar D, Jha NK, Chopra H, Tan SC. Emergence of taurine as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:62-68. [PMID: 37488845 PMCID: PMC10479846 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing, semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body. It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models. As part of its limiting functions, taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and neuronal activity at the molecular level. Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders, including stroke, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, memory dysfunction, and spinal cord injury. Although various therapies are available, effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge. Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide. The design of taurine formation could lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders. The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review. This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases. Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms, it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics, with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Gola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Jiten Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Gond
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Swarnabha Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Intracerebroventricular injection taurine changes free amino acid concentrations in the brain and plasma in chicks. Amino Acids 2023; 55:183-192. [PMID: 36436082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain amino acid metabolism has been reported to regulate body temperature, feeding behavior and stress response. Central injection of taurine induced hypothermic and anorexigenic effects in chicks. However, it is still unknown how the amino acid metabolism is influenced by the central injection of taurine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in brain and plasma free amino acids following central injection of taurine. Five-day-old male Julia layer chicks (n = 10) were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with saline or taurine (5 µmol/10 µL). Central taurine increased tryptophan concentrations in the diencephalon, and decreased tyrosine in the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, telencephalon and plasma at 30 min post-injection. Taurine was increased in all the brain parts after ICV taurine. Although histidine and cystathionine concentrations were increased in the diencephalon and brainstem, several amino acids such as isoleucine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, proline, and alanine were reduced following central injection of taurine. All amino acid concentrations were decreased in the plasma after ICV taurine. In conclusion, central taurine quickly changes free amino acid concentrations in the brain and plasma, which may have a role in thermoregulation, food intake and stress response in chicks.
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Chowdhury VS. L-Citrulline: A novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat-exposed chickens. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13826. [PMID: 36938778 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
With global warming becoming of increasing concern, poultry farms are experiencing a concomitant increase in heat stress. Chickens are very sensitive to high ambient temperature (HT), so the development of novel nutrients that will help deal with the challenge posed by heat stress is vital. We revealed that L-citrulline (L-Cit) can reduce body temperature in chickens. Orally administered L-Cit solution has been found to provide heat tolerance in chickens and to result in reduced food intake. Heat exposure and oral administration of L-Cit led to increased levels of plasma insulin, whereas heat stress led to a decline in plasma thyroxine. Dietary administration of L-Cit was also shown to be effective to reduce heat stress in broiler chickens. Moreover, L-Cit was found to be metabolized in the liver within 1 h of its administration, and in L-Cit-treated broiler chicks, the Cit-Arginine cycle and the Krebs cycle were found to be active. L-Cit has not yet been approved for inclusion in the poultry diet, so it is important to find alternative sources of L-Cit. Taken together, these findings suggest that L-Cit may serve as an important novel nutrient with the ability to produce heat tolerance in chickens under HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Miyazaki T, Ito T, Baseggio Conrado A, Murakami S. Editorial for Special Issue on “Regulation and Effect of Taurine on Metabolism”. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090795. [PMID: 36144200 PMCID: PMC9503843 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takashi Ito
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji 910-1195, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Murakami
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji 910-1195, Fukui, Japan
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Elhussiny MZ, Nishimura H, Tran PV, Haraguchi S, Gilbert ER, Cline MA, Bungo T, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Intracerebroventricular injection of taurine induces hypothermia through modifying monoaminergic pathways in chicks. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175092. [PMID: 35697149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain monoamines are reported to regulate body temperature and food intake. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of brain monoamine metabolism in taurine-induced hypothermia and appetite suppression. In Experiment 1, 5-day-old male Julia layer chicks (n = 10) were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with saline or taurine (5 μmol/10 μL). In Experiment 2, the chicks were ICV injected with saline, taurine, fusaric acid (dopamine-β-hydroxylase inhibitor: 558 nmol), or taurine with fusaric acid. In Experiment 3, the chicks were ICV injected with saline, taurine, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor: 400 nmol), or taurine with PCPA. In Experiment 4, the chicks were ICV injected with saline, taurine, clorgyline (monoamine oxidase inhibitor: 81 nmol), or taurine with clorgyline. Central taurine lowered rectal temperature at 30 min post-injection and increased norepinephrine in the brainstem and its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in both the diencephalon and brainstem. Similarly, taurine treatment induced increases in serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the diencephalon. Fusaric acid completely and PCPA partially, but not clorgyline, attenuated taurine-induced hypothermia. The anorexigenic effect of taurine was partially attenuated by PCPA, but not fusaric acid nor clorgyline. In conclusion, central taurine activates dopamine-β-hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase to produce norepinephrine and 5-HT, and then induces hypothermia, but 5-HT alone may be linked with taurine-induced anorexia in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z Elhussiny
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal & Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Haruka Nishimura
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0306, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0306, USA
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Chowdhury VS, Han G, Elhussiny MZ, Ouchi Y, Tran PV, Nishimura H, Haraguchi S, Cockrem JF, Bungo T, Furuse M. Oral Administration of L-Citrulline Changes Brain Free Amino Acid and Monoamine Metabolism in Heat-Exposed Broiler Chickens. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.875572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperatures (HT) in summer are becoming more severe due to global warming, leading to severe adverse effects on poultry production. Recently, we have reported that oral administration of L-citrulline (L-Cit) can minimize hyperthermia in chickens under HT. However, whether oral L-Cit can enter the brain, the center for thermoregulation, has not been studied. We investigated the effects of oral administration of L-Cit on free amino acids and monoamines in the diencephalon region of the brain of heat-exposed broilers. Broilers were treated with L-Cit (40 mmol/20 ml/bird), then moved to a chamber at HT (30 ± 1°C) or to a thermoneutral temperature (CT: 22 ± 1°C) chamber for 2 h. Control groups were given methyl cellulose solution and placed in the CT or HT chambers. After 2 h of exposure to HT, there were increased brain concentrations of Cit in comparison with concentrations in broilers exposed to CT, whereas brain ornithine (Orn) concentrations were decreased, and arginine (Arg) concentrations were not changed. Interestingly, oral administration of L-Cit increased brain concentration of Cit, Arg, and Orn under both CT and HT. Tryptophan and its metabolite, serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were lower in the brain under HT than under CT. HT did not change brain concentrations of tyrosine, but dopamine (DA, a metabolite of tyrosine) concentrations decreased, and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, a metabolite of DA) concentrations increased in comparison with CT. Oral administration of L-Cit decreased brain concentrations of both tryptophan and tyrosine under CT and HT without changing 5-HT; however, DA levels declined under HT. Moreover, MHPG concentrations increased. In conclusion, these results suggest that metabolism of amino acids and metabolism of DA can be enhanced in the brain by oral administration of L-Cit. Metabolic changes in the brain in response to oral administration of L-Cit may influence the thermoregulatory center in the brain, leading to a reduction in body temperature and conferring thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chickens.
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