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Al Zouabi L, Stefanutti M, Roumeliotis S, Le Meur G, Boumard B, Riddiford N, Rubanova N, Bohec M, Gervais L, Servant N, Bardin AJ. Molecular underpinnings and environmental drivers of loss of heterozygosity in Drosophila intestinal stem cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113485. [PMID: 38032794 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During development and aging, genome mutation leading to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) can uncover recessive phenotypes within tissue compartments. This phenomenon occurs in normal human tissues and is prevalent in pathological genetic conditions and cancers. While studies in yeast have defined DNA repair mechanisms that can promote LOH, the predominant pathways and environmental triggers in somatic tissues of multicellular organisms are not well understood. Here, we investigate mechanisms underlying LOH in intestinal stem cells in Drosophila. Infection with the pathogenic bacteria, Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15, but not Pseudomonas entomophila, increases LOH frequency. Using whole genome sequencing of somatic LOH events, we demonstrate that they arise primarily via mitotic recombination. Molecular features and genetic evidence argue against a break-induced replication mechanism and instead support cross-over via double Holliday junction-based repair. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of mitotic recombination, an important mediator of LOH, and its effects on stem cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Al Zouabi
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Marine Stefanutti
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Spyridon Roumeliotis
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Gwenn Le Meur
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Boumard
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Nick Riddiford
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Natalia Rubanova
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France; Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Computational Systems Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U900, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mylène Bohec
- ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing Platform, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Louis Gervais
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Servant
- Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Computational Systems Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U900, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France.
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Anna G, John M, Kannan NN. miR-277 regulates the phase of circadian activity-rest rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1082866. [PMID: 38089472 PMCID: PMC10714010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1082866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks temporally organize behaviour and physiology of organisms with a rhythmicity of about 24 h. In Drosophila, the circadian clock is composed of mainly four clock genes: period (per), timeless (tim), Clock (Clk) and cycle (cyc) which constitutes the transcription-translation feedback loop. The circadian clock is further regulated via post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms among which microRNAs (miRNAs) are well known post-transcriptional regulatory molecules. Here, we identified and characterized the role of miRNA-277 (miR-277) expressed in the clock neurons in regulating the circadian rhythm. Downregulation of miR-277 in the pacemaker neurons expressing circadian neuropeptide, pigment dispersing factor (PDF) advanced the phase of the morning activity peak under 12 h light: 12 h dark cycles (LD) at lower light intensities and these flies exhibited less robust rhythms compared to the controls under constant darkness. In addition, downregulation of miR-277 in the PDF expressing neurons abolished the Clk gene transcript oscillation under LD. Our study points to the potential role of miR-277 in fine tuning the Clk expression and in maintaining the phase of the circadian rhythm in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nisha N. Kannan
- Chronobiology Laboratory, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Zhang Y, Chen R, Gong L, Huang W, Li P, Zhai Z, Ling E. Regulation of intestinal stem cell activity by a mitotic cell cycle regulator Polo in Drosophila. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad084. [PMID: 37154439 PMCID: PMC10234410 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a definite and stable pool of dividing stem cells plays an important role in organ development. This process requires an appropriate progression of mitosis for proper spindle orientation and polarity to ensure the ability of stem cells to proliferate and differentiate correctly. Polo-like kinases (Plks)/Polo are the highly conserved serine/threonine kinases involved in the initiation of mitosis as well as in the progression of the cell cycle. Although numerous studies have investigated the mitotic defects upon loss of Plks/Polo in cells, little is known about the in vivo consequences of stem cells with abnormal Polo activity in the context of tissue and organism development. The current study aimed to investigate this question using the Drosophila intestine, an organ dynamically maintained by the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The results indicated that the polo depletion caused a reduction in the gut size due to a gradual decrease in the number of functional ISCs. Interestingly, the polo-deficient ISCs showed an extended G2/M phase and aneuploidy and were subsequently eliminated by premature differentiation into enterocytes (ECs). In contrast, the constitutively active Polo (poloT182D) suppressed ISC proliferation, induced abnormal accumulation of β-tubulin in cells, and drove ISC loss via apoptosis. Therefore, Polo activity should be properly maintained for optimal stem cell function. Further analysis suggested that polo was a direct target gene of Sox21a, a Sox transcription factor that critically regulates stem cell activity. Together, this study provided a novel perspective on the correlation between the progression of mitosis and the ISC function in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Rongbing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liyuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zongzhao Zhai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Erjun Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
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Noncoding RNA Regulation of Hormonal and Metabolic Systems in the Fruit Fly Drosophila. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020152. [PMID: 36837772 PMCID: PMC9967906 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of RNAs is commonly recognised thanks to protein-coding RNAs, whereas non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were conventionally regarded as 'junk'. In the last decade, ncRNAs' significance and roles are becoming noticeable in various biological activities, including those in hormonal and metabolic regulation. Among the ncRNAs: microRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA transcript with ~20 nucleotides in length; long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an RNA transcript with >200 nucleotides; and circular RNA (circRNA) is derived from back-splicing of pre-mRNA. These ncRNAs can regulate gene expression levels at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels through various mechanisms in insects. A better understanding of these crucial regulators is essential to both basic and applied entomology. In this review, we intend to summarise and discuss the current understanding and knowledge of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the best-studied insect model, the fruit fly Drosophila.
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Inflammation- and Metastasis-Related Proteins Expression Changes in Early Stages in Tumor and Non-Tumor Adjacent Tissues of Colorectal Cancer Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184487. [PMID: 36139645 PMCID: PMC9497293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-tumor adjacent tissue plays a key role in colorectal cancer development, as well as chronic inflammation, but their role has not yet been dilucidated. In addition, inflammation is a process which is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, but their changes across the different colorectal cancer stages are not fully studied. Understanding how these processes participate in all colorectal cancer phases can be key to a better understanding of the disease. Abstract Chronic inflammation can induce malignant cell transformation, having an important role in all colorectal cancer (CRC) phases. Non-tumor adjacent tissue plays an important role in tumor progression, but its implication in CRC has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim was to analyze the expression of inflammatory, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis-related proteins in both tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues from CRC patients by western blot. Tumor tissue presented an increase in metastasis and EMT-related proteins compared to non-tumor adjacent tissue, especially in stage II. Tumor tissue stage II also presented an increase in inflammatory-related proteins compared to other stages, which was also seen in non-tumor adjacent tissue stage II. Additionally, the relapse-free survival study of Vimentin and VEGF-B expression levels in stage II patients showed that the higher the expression levels of each protein, the lower 10-year relapse-free survival. These could suggest that some metastasis-related signalling pathways may be activated in stage II in tumor tissue, accompanied by an increase in inflammation. Furthermore, non-tumor adjacent tissue presented an increase of the inflammatory status that could be the basis for future tumor progression. In conclusion, these proteins could be useful as biomarkers of diagnosis for CRC at early stages.
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