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Jiang X, Chen D, Zhang Y, Naz M, Dai Z, Qi S, Du D. Impacts of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Metabolites of an Invasive Weed Wedelia trilobata. Microorganisms 2024; 12:701. [PMID: 38674645 PMCID: PMC11052372 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The invasive plant Wedelia trilobata benefits in various aspects, such as nutrient absorption and environmental adaptability, by establishing a close symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, our understanding of whether AMF can benefit W. trilobata by influencing its metabolic profile remains limited. In this study, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was conducted to analyze the metabolites of W. trilobata under AMF inoculation. Metabolomic analysis identified 119 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the groups inoculated with AMF and those not inoculated with AMF. Compared to plants with no AMF inoculation, plants inoculated with AMF showed upregulation in the relative expression of 69 metabolites and downregulation in the relative expression of 50 metabolites. AMF significantly increased levels of various primary and secondary metabolites in plants, including amino acids, organic acids, plant hormones, flavonoids, and others, with amino acids being the most abundant among the identified substances. The identified DEMs mapped 53 metabolic pathways, with 7 pathways strongly influenced by AMF, particularly the phenylalanine metabolism pathway. Moreover, we also observed a high colonization level of AMF in the roots of W. trilobata, significantly promoting the shoot growth of this plant. These changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways significantly affect multiple physiological and biochemical processes in plants, such as free radical scavenging, osmotic regulation, cell structure stability, and material synthesis. In summary, AMF reprogrammed the metabolic pathways of W. trilobata, leading to changes in both primary and secondary metabolomes, thereby benefiting the growth of W. trilobata and enhancing its ability to respond to various biotic and abiotic stressors. These findings elucidate the molecular regulatory role of AMF in the invasive plant W. trilobata and provide new insights into the study of its competitive and stress resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Jiang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.J.); (D.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Daiyi Chen
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.J.); (D.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.J.); (D.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.N.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhicong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.N.); (Z.D.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.J.); (D.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.N.); (Z.D.)
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Zhao Y, Rodić N, Liaskos M, Assimopoulou AN, Lalaymia I, Declerck S. Effects of fungal endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Echium vulgare and alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives production in roots. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1607-1615. [PMID: 38341266 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to stimulate plant growth and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Here, 10 endophytic fungi isolated from roots of wild Alkanna tinctoria plants and 5 AMF purchased from the Glomeromycota in vitro collection were evaluated, during two successive three-month greenhouse experiments, on the growth of Echium vulgare and alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd) production in the roots. Some of the endophytic fungi tested significantly increased plant growth parameters as compared to the control: Cladosporium allicinum, Cadophora sp., Clonostachys sp., Trichoderma hispanicum and Leptosphaeria ladina increased root volume, Plectosphaerella sp. And T. hispanicum root fresh weight and root water retention and T. hispanicum plant water retention. However, none of these fungi impacted A/Sd production. Conversely, none of the AMF strains tested impacted plant growth parameters, but those inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices MUCL 49410 had a significantly higher concentration of alkannin/shikonin (A/S), acetyl-A/S, β,β- dimethylacryl-A/S, isovaleryl-A/S and total A/Sd, compared to the control plants. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the production of A/Sd in plants associated to specific endophytic fungi/AMF and on the cultivation conditions required for optimal production of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix Du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nebojša Rodić
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh, Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Liaskos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh, Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix Du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix Du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Garcés-Ruiz M, Herent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Ortiz S, Declerck S, Lalaymia I. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216029. [PMID: 37637105 PMCID: PMC10447974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. is a medicinal plant well-known to produce important therapeutic compounds, such as alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). It associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known, amongst others beneficial effects, to modulate the plant secondary metabolites (SMs) biosynthesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study on the effects of AMF strains on the growth and production of A/Sd in A. tinctoria has been reported in the literature. Methods Here, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, plants were associated with the GINCO strain Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and, in Experiment 2, with two strains of GINCO (R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408) and two native strains isolated from wild growing A. tinctoria (R. irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum) and were grown in a semi-hydroponic (S-H) cultivation system. Plants were harvested after 9 and 37 days in Experiment 1 and 9 days in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, plants were associated with the two native AMF strains and with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and were grown for 85 days in pots under greenhouse conditions. Quantification and identification of A/Sd were performed by HPLC-PDA and by HPLC-HRMS/MS, respectively. LePGT1, LePGT2, and GHQH genes involved in the A/Sd biosynthesis were analyzed through RT-qPCR. Results In Experiment 1, no significant differences were noticed in the production of A/Sd. Conversely, in Experiments 2 and 3, plants associated with the native AMF R. irregularis had the highest content of total A/Sd expressed as shikonin equivalent. In Experiment 1, a significantly higher relative expression of both LePGT1 and LePGT2 was observed in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 compared with control plants after 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. Similarly, a significantly higher relative expression of LePGT2 in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 was noticed after 9 versus 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. In Experiment 2, a significant lower relative expression of LePGT2 was observed in native AMF R. irregularis inoculated plants compared to the control. Discussion Overall, our study showed that the native R. irregularis strain increased A/Sd production in A. tinctoria regardless of the growing system used, further suggesting that the inoculation of native/best performing AMF is a promising method to improve the production of important SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mónica Garcés-Ruiz
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Herent
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- UMR 7200, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Beslemes D, Tigka E, Roussis I, Kakabouki I, Mavroeidis A, Vlachostergios D. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency and Crop Productivity of Two-Rowed Barley under Different Crop Production Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091908. [PMID: 37176966 PMCID: PMC10181197 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) constitute a ubiquitous group of soil microorganisms, affecting plant and soil microorganism growth. Various crop management practices can have a significant impact on the AM association. This study investigated the AMF inoculation contribution on growth and productivity of two-rowed barley crop by identifying the underlying mechanisms both in conventional and organic cropping systems. A two-year field trial was set up as a split-plot design with 2 main plots [AMF inoculation: with (AMF+) and without (AMF-)] and five sub-plots (fertilization regimes: untreated, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer in organic and inorganic form, and 60% recommended dose of fertilizer in organic and inorganic form) in three replications. According to the results, AMF+ plants presented higher plant height and leaf area index (LAI), resulting in increased biomass and, as a result, higher seed yield. With regard to the quality traits, including the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and their utilization indices, the AMF inoculated plants showed higher values. Furthermore, the level of fertilization, particularly in an inorganic form, adversely affected AMF root colonization. Consequently, it was concluded that substitution of inorganic inputs by organic, as well as inputs reduction, when combined with AMF inoculation, can produce excellent results, thus making barley crop cultivation sustainable in Mediterranean climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Beslemes
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tigka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Roussis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Mavroeidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachostergios
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
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Gao Y, Huang S, Wang Y, Lin H, Pan Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wang W, Cheng S, Chen Y. Analysis of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the symbiotic relationship between Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and Manihot esculenta Crantz. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130924. [PMID: 36959933 PMCID: PMC10028151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mutualistic interactions are essential for sustainable agriculture production. Although it is shown that AMF inoculation improves cassava physiological performances and yield traits, the molecular mechanisms involved in AM symbiosis remain largely unknown. Herein, we integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of symbiotic (Ri) and asymbiotic (CK) cassava roots and explored AM-induced biochemical and transcriptional changes. RESULTS Three weeks (3w) after AMF inoculations, proliferating fungal hyphae were observable, and plant height and root length were significantly increased. In total, we identified 1,016 metabolites, of which 25 were differentially accumulated (DAMs) at 3w. The most highly induced metabolites were 5-aminolevulinic acid, L-glutamic acid, and lysoPC 18:2. Transcriptome analysis identified 693 and 6,481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison between CK (3w) against Ri at 3w and 6w, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses of DAMs and DEGs unveiled transport, amino acids and sugar metabolisms, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interactions as the most differentially regulated pathways. Potential candidate genes, including nitrogen and phosphate transporters, transcription factors, phytohormone, sugar metabolism-related, and SYM (symbiosis) signaling pathway-related, were identified for future functional studies. DISCUSSION Our results provide molecular insights into AM symbiosis and valuable resources for improving cassava production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shubao Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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The Role of Medicago lupulina Interaction with Rhizophagus irregularis in the Determination of Root Metabolome at Early Stages of AM Symbiosis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182338. [PMID: 36145739 PMCID: PMC9501341 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nature of plant–fungi interaction at early stages of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) development is still a puzzling problem. To investigate the processes behind this interaction, we used the Medicago lupulina MlS-1 line that forms high-efficient AM symbiosis with Rhizophagus irregularis. AM fungus actively colonizes the root system of the host plant and contributes to the formation of effective AM as characterized by a high mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) in the host plant. The present study is aimed at distinguishing the alterations in the M. lupulina root metabolic profile as an indicative marker of effective symbiosis. We examined the root metabolome at the 14th and 24th day after sowing and inoculation (DAS) with low substrate phosphorus levels. A GS-MS analysis detected 316 metabolites. Results indicated that profiles of M. lupulina root metabolites differed from those in leaves previously detected. The roots contained fewer sugars and organic acids. Hence, compounds supporting the growth of mycorrhizal fungus (especially amino acids, specific lipids, and carbohydrates) accumulated, and their presence coincided with intensive development of AM structures. Mycorrhization determined the root metabolite profile to a greater extent than host plant development. The obtained data highlight the importance of active plant–fungi metabolic interaction at early stages of host plant development for the determination of symbiotic efficiency.
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