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Albiach-Delgado A, Moreno-Casillas JL, Ten-Doménech I, Cascant-Vilaplana MM, Moreno-Giménez A, Gómez-Ferrer M, Sepúlveda P, Kuligowski J, Quintás G. Oxylipin profile of human milk and human milk-derived extracellular vesicles. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1313:342759. [PMID: 38862207 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) are nano-sized vesicles that are present in all biofluids including human milk (HM) playing a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and the stimulation of the neonatal immune system. Oxylipins, which are bioactive lipids formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have gained considerable attention due to their potential role in mitigating disease progression and modulating the inflammatory status of breastfed infants. This study aims at an in-depth characterization of the oxylipin profiles of HM and, for the first time, of HM-derived sEVs (HMEVs) employing an ad-hoc developed and validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. RESULTS The UPLC-MS/MS method covered a panel of 13 oxylipins for quantitation and 93 oxylipins for semi-quantitation. In 200 μL of HM and HMEV isolates of 15 individuals, 42 out of 106 oxylipins were detected in either HM or HMEVs, with 38 oxylipins being detected in both matrices. Oxylipins presented distinct profiles in HM and HMEVs, suggesting specific mechanisms responsible for the encapsulation of target molecules in HMEVs. Ten and eight oxylipins were quantified with ranges between 0.03 - 73 nM and 0.30 pM-0.07 nM in HM and HMEVs, respectively. The most abundant oxylipins found in HMEVs were docosahexaenoic acid derivatives (17-HDHA and 14-HDHA) with known anti-inflammatory properties, and linoleic acid derivatives (9-10-DiHOME and 12,13-DiHOME) in HM samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This is the first time a selective, relative enrichment of anti-inflammatory oxylipins in HMEVs has been described. Future studies will focus on the anti-inflammatory and pro-healing capacity of oxylipins encapsulated in HMEVs, with potential clinical applications in the field of preterm infant care, specifically the prevention of severe intestinal complications including necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Albiach-Delgado
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Análisis de Vesículas Extracelulares (SAVE), Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose L Moreno-Casillas
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Servicio de Análisis de Vesículas Extracelulares (SAVE), Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Doménech
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Análisis de Vesículas Extracelulares (SAVE), Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Merce Cascant-Vilaplana
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Moreno-Giménez
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Service, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Análisis de Vesículas Extracelulares (SAVE), Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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Gómez-Ferrer M, Amaro-Prellezo E, Albiach-Delgado A, Ten-Domenech I, Kuligowski J, Sepúlveda P. Identification of omega-3 oxylipins in human milk-derived extracellular vesicles with pro-resolutive actions in gastrointestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293737. [PMID: 38054009 PMCID: PMC10694275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Premature infants (PIs) are at risk of suffering necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and infants consuming human milk (HM) show a lower incidence than infants receiving formula. The composition of HM has been studied in depth, but the lipid content of HM-derived small extracellular vesicles (HM sEVs) remains unexplored. Identifying these molecules and their biological effects has potential for the treatment of intestinal disorders in PIs and could contribute to the development of HM-based fortified formulas. Methods We isolated HM sEVs from HM samples and analyzed their oxylipin content using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of anti-inflammatory oxylipins. We then examined the efficacy of a mixture of these oxylipins in combating inflammation and fibrosis, in vitro and in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results HM-related sEVs contained higher concentrations of oxylipins derived from docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. Three anti-inflammatory oxylipins, 14-HDHA, 17-HDHA, and 19,20-DiHDPA (ω3 OXLP), demonstrated similar efficacy to HM sEVs in preventing cell injury, inducing re-epithelialization, mitigating fibrosis, and modulating immune responses. Both ω3 OXLP and HM sEVs effectively reduced inflammation in IBD-model mice, preventing colon shortening, infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue fibrosis. Discussion Incorporating this unique cocktail of oxylipins into fortified milk formulas might reduce the risk of NEC in PIs and also provide immunological and neurodevelopmental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Amaro-Prellezo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abel Albiach-Delgado
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Domenech
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Zhong H, Xie Q, Li F, Yang Z, Li K, Luo Q. Determination of oxylipins and their precursors in breast milk by solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464400. [PMID: 37769518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins and their precursors (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LCPUFAs) are key intercellular signaling molecules influencing the inflammatory response. Each oxylipin has pro- and/or anti-inflammatory effects, and the relative abundance of different oxylipins can alter the inflammatory balance, making it important to clarify the oxylipin profile of breast milk for optimal infant health. The extraction, identification, and simultaneous quantification of oxylipins in breast milk are challenging due to the structural similarity, limited stability, and the low endogenous concentration of oxylipins and the complex matrix of breast milk. This study aimed to develop a solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) method for the comprehensive and specific quantification of oxylipins and their precursors in breast milk. The LC conditions (including column, mobile phase, and gradient conditions) and SPE procedure (including SPE cartridges, elution solvent, and elution volume) were optimized to achieve accurate quantification and better analyte recovery. A single 18-minute chromatographic run allows for the quantification of 20 oxylipins and 5 PUFAs. The results showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99) over the concentration range of 2 to 100 ng/mL, with the instrument detection limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.90 ng/mL for oxylipins and 0.02 to 0.59 ng/mL for PUFAs. The method is rapid, sensitive, and reproducible (RSD ≤ 10%) and is suitable for the quantitative analysis of oxylipins and their precursors in infant formula samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhong
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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