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Kaci H, Dombi Á, Gömbös P, Szabó A, Bakos É, Özvegy-Laczka C, Poór M. Interaction of mycotoxins zearalenone, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol with cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4) enzymes and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1). Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105789. [PMID: 38341109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycoestrogen produced by Fusarium fungi. ZEN is a frequent contaminant in cereal-based products, representing significant health threat. The major reduced metabolites of ZEN are α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL). Since the toxicokinetic interactions of ZEN/ZELs with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) have been barely characterized, we examined these interactions applying in vitro models. ZEN and ZELs were relatively strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 and moderate inhibitors of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9. Both CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 decreased ZEN and β-ZEL concentrations in depletion assays, while only CYP1A2 reduced α-ZEL levels. OATPs tested were strongly or moderately inhibited by ZEN and ZELs; however, these mycotoxins did not show higher cytotoxicity in OATP-overexpressing cells. Our results help the deeper understanding of the toxicokinetic/pharmacokinetic interactions of ZEN, α-ZEL, and β-ZEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kaci
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dombi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Patrik Gömbös
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő H-2103, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő H-2103, Hungary; HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 13, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Molecular Medicine Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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Sun P, Cao Y, Qiu J, Kong J, Zhang S, Cao X. Inhibitory Mechanisms of Lekethromycin in Dog Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Based on UPLC-MS/MS Cocktail Method. Molecules 2023; 28:7193. [PMID: 37894672 PMCID: PMC10609143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug-drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, the effect of the inhibitory mechanisms of LKMS on CYP450 enzymes is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LKMS on dog CYP450 enzymes. A cocktail approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of LKMS on canine CYP450 enzymes. Typical probe substrates of phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone were used for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, respectively. This study showed that LKMS might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. LKMS inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 via mixed inhibition. LKMS exhibited mixed-type inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 135.6 μΜ. LKMS inhibited CYP2B6 in a mixed way, with Ki values of 59.44 μM. A phenotyping study based on an inhibition assay indicated that CYP2D6 contributes to the biotransformation of LKMS. A mixed inhibition of CYP2D6 with Ki values of 64.87 μM was also observed. Given that this study was performed in vitro, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify the interaction between LKMS and canine CYP450 enzymes to provide data support for the clinical application of LKMS and the avoidance of adverse interactions between other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
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Marin DE, Taranu I. Using In Silico Approach for Metabolomic and Toxicity Prediction of Alternariol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:421. [PMID: 37505690 PMCID: PMC10467053 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternariol is a metabolite produced by Alternaria fungus that can contaminate a variety of food and feed materials. The objective of the present paper was to provide a prediction of Phase I and II metabolites of alternariol and a detailed ADME/Tox profile for alternariol and its metabolites using an in silico working model based on the MetaTox, SwissADME, pKCMS, and PASS online computational programs. A number of 12 metabolites were identified as corresponding to the metabolomic profile of alternariol. ADME profile for AOH and predicted metabolites indicated a moderate or high intestinal absorption probability but a low probability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In addition to cytotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and endocrine disruptor effects, the computational model has predicted other toxicological endpoints for the analyzed compounds, such as vascular toxicity, haemato-toxicity, diarrhea, and nephrotoxicity. AOH and its metabolites have been predicted to act as a substrate for different isoforms of phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes and to interact with the response to oxidative stress. In conclusion, in silico methods can represent a viable alternative to in vitro and in vivo tests for the prediction of mycotoxins metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania;
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