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Andani FM, Talebi-Garakani E, Ashabi G, Ganbarirad M, Hashemnia M, Sharifi M, Ghasemi M. Exercise-activated hepatic autophagy combined with silymarin is associated with suppression of apoptosis in rats subjected to dexamethasone induced- fatty liver damage. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:928. [PMID: 39172304 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM There is a need for effective treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that are economically inexpensive, and have few side effects. The present study aimed to investigate exercise training and silymarin on hepatocyte death factors in rats with liver damage. METHODS Forty-nine male Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups: sedentary control, fatty liver control (DEX), fatty liver + high-intensity interval training (HIIT), fatty liver + HIIT + silymarin (HIIT + SILY), fatty liver + continuous training (CT), fatty liver + CT + silymarin (CT + SILY), and fatty liver + silymarin (SILY). A subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone for 7 days was used to induce fatty liver in rats. Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining were done to evaluate hepatic injury. The hepatocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. Real-Time PCR was conducted to evaluate the gene expressions of caspase-9, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM). Liver tissue changes and serum levels of liver enzymes were also evaluated. RESULTS Liver apoptosis was decreased in the CT, HIIT, HIIT + SILY and CT + SILY groups compared to the DEX group. Both continuous and high-intensity training models produced beneficial alterations in liver morphology and hepatic injuries that were significant in exercise training + silymarin group. This impact was accompanied by increased AMPKα1 and DRAM gene expression and decreased caspase-9 and Mfn2 gene expression. Liver enzyme levels were high in the DEX group and treatment with silymarin significantly reduced it. CONCLUSION Silymarin supplementation combined with interval or continuous training substantially improves DEX-induced hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte injury mostly through suppressing liver apoptosis and upregulating autophagy, which may provide a novel perspective for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mokhtari Andani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Talebi-Garakani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ganbarirad
- Gerash Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Cao LQ, Xie Y, Fleishman JS, Liu X, Chen ZS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid metabolism: Novel targets and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217061. [PMID: 38876384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasingly prevalent disease that is associated with high and continually rising mortality rates. Lipid metabolism holds a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HCC, in which abnormalities pertaining to the delicate balance of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and storage, predispose for the pathogenesis of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease precursor to HCC. If caught early enough, HCC treatment may be curative. In later stages, treatment is only halting the inevitable outcome of death, boldly prompting for novel drug discovery to provide a fighting chance for this patient population. In this review, we begin by providing a summary of current local and systemic treatments against HCC. From such we discuss hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight novel targets that are ripe for anti-cancer drug discovery. Lastly, we provide a targeted summary of current known risk factors for HCC pathogenesis, providing key insights that will be essential for rationalizing future development of anti-HCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Cao
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yuhao Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518034, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
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3
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Shen Q, Yang M, Wang S, Chen X, Chen S, Zhang R, Xiong Z, Leng Y. The pivotal role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1374644. [PMID: 39175576 PMCID: PMC11338765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1374644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by excessive fat deposition in hepatocytes and a major cause of end-stage liver disease. Autophagy is a metabolic pathway responsible for degrading cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles, playing a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis and functionality of hepatocytes. Recent studies have shown that pharmacological intervention to activate or restore autophagy provides benefits for liver function recovery by promoting the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes, decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory factors, and inhibiting activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), thus improving liver fibrosis and slowing down the progression of NAFLD. This article summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, elucidates the close relationship between NAFLD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and signaling pathways from the perspectives of hepatocytes, kupffer cells (KCs), and HSCs to provide assistance in the clinical management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Shen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Sulan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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4
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Guangliang H, Tao W, Danxin W, Lei L, Ye M. Critical Knowledge Gaps and Future Priorities Regarding the Intestinal Barrier Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2024; 188:136-149. [PMID: 38789030 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of research on the Intestinal barrier damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI), elucidate specific mechanisms, and address knowledge gaps to help guide the development of targeted therapeutic interventions and improve outcomes for individuals with TBI. A total of 2756 relevant publications by 13,778 authors affiliated within 3198 institutions in 79 countries were retrieved from the Web of Science. These publications have been indexed by 1139 journals and cited 158, 525 references. The most productive author in this field was Sikiric P, and the University of Pittsburgh was identified as the most influential institution. The United States was found to be the leading country in terms of article output and held a dominant position in this field. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences was identified as a major source of publications in this area. In terms of collaboration, the cooperation between the United States and China was found to be the most extensive among countries, institutions, and authors, indicating a high level of influence in this field. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis revealed several hotspots in this field, including the microbiome-gut-brain axis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, ischemia-reperfusion, tight junctions, and intestinal permeability. The analysis of keyword citation bursts suggested that ecological imbalance and gut microbiota may be the forefront of future research. The findings of this study can serve as a reference and guiding perspective for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Guangliang
- Hainan Vocational of Science and Technology, International School of Nursing, Haikou, China; HeJiang Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Tao
- Hainan Medical University, International School of Nursing, Haikou, China; Foshan University, Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Danxin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Nursing Department, Haikou, China
| | - Liu Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Respiratory Medicine Department, Haikou, China
| | - Min Ye
- Hainan Vocational of Science and Technology, International School of Nursing, Haikou, China; Hainan Medical University, International School of Nursing, Haikou, China.
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He J, Qian YC, Yin YC, Kang JR, Pan TR. Polydatin: a potential NAFLD therapeutic drug that regulates mitochondrial autophagy through SIRT3-FOXO3-BNIP3 and PINK1-PRKN mechanisms - a network pharmacology and experimental investigation. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111110. [PMID: 38876248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disorder that is linked to metabolic syndrome, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy. Polydatin (PD), a natural polyphenol from Polygonum cuspidatum, exhibits various pharmacological effects and protects against NAFLD. The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PD for NAFLD, with a focus on the role of mitochondrial autophagy mediated by sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), fork-head box O3 (FOXO3) and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin (PRKN). We combined network pharmacology analysis, animal models and cell culture experiments to show that PD could regulate the mitochondrial autophagy pathway by modulating several key genes related to mitochondrial function, and ameliorate the liver function, histopathology and mitochondrial biogenesis of NAFLD mice and hepatocytes by activating the SIRT3-FOXO3-BNIP3 axis and the PINK1-PRKN-dependent mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy. We also identified the core targets of PD, including SIRT3, FOXO3A, CASP3, PARKIN, EGFR, STAT3, MMP9 and PINK, and confirmed that silencing SIRT3 could significantly attenuate the beneficial effect of PD. This study provided novel theoretical and experimental support for PD as a promising candidate for NAFLD treatment, and also suggested new avenues and methods for investigating the role of mitochondrial autophagy in the pathogenesis and intervention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Medical University Hefei Third Clinical College, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Ying-Chuan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Medical University Hefei Third Clinical College, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Rui Kang
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei, China
| | - Tian-Rong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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6
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Emamverdi M, Vatanatham C, Fasih-Ahmad S, Wang Z, Mishra Z, Jain A, Ganegoda A, Clark ME, Habibi A, Ashrafkhorasani M, Owsley C, Curcio CA, Hu ZJ, Sadda SR. Probing Deposit-Driven Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Thicknesses of Outer Retinal Bands and Choroid: ALSTAR2 Baseline. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:17. [PMID: 38717424 PMCID: PMC11090139 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to identify structural differences in normal eyes, early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and intermediate AMD eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a well-characterized, large cross-sectional cohort. Methods Subjects ≥ 60 years with healthy normal eyes, as well as early or intermediate AMD were enrolled in the Alabama Study on Age-related Macular Degeneration 2 (ALSTAR2; NCT04112667). Using Spectralis HRA + OCT2, we obtained macular volumes for each participant. An auto-segmentation software was used to segment six layers and sublayers: photoreceptor inner and outer segments, subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), retinal pigment epithelium + basal lamina (RPE + BL), drusen, and choroid. After manually refining the segmentations of all B-scans, mean thicknesses in whole, central, inner and outer rings of the ETDRS grid were calculated and compared among groups. Results This study involved 502 patients, 252 were healthy, 147 had early AMD, and 103 had intermediate AMD eyes (per Age-Related Eye Disease Study [AREDS] 9-step). Intermediate AMD eyes exhibited thicker SDD and drusen, thinner photoreceptor inner segments, and RPE compared to healthy and early AMD eyes. They also had thicker photoreceptor outer segments than early AMD eyes. Early AMD eyes had thinner photoreceptor outer segments than normal eyes but a thicker choroid than intermediate AMD eyes. Using the Beckman scale, 42% of the eyes initially classified as early AMD shifted to intermediate AMD, making thickness differences for photoreceptor outer segments and choroid insignificant. Conclusions With AMD stages, the most consistent structural differences involve appearance of drusen and SDD, followed by RPE + BL thickness, and then thickness of photoreceptor inner and outer segments. Structural changes in the transition from aging to intermediate AMD include alterations in the outer retinal bands, including the appearance of deposits on either side of the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Emamverdi
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | | | | | - Ziyuan Wang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Zubin Mishra
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Anjal Jain
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
| | | | - Mark E. Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Abbas Habibi
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maryam Ashrafkhorasani
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cynthia Owsley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zhihong J. Hu
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - SriniVas R. Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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7
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Dashti Z, Yousefi Z, Kiani P, Taghizadeh M, Maleki MH, Borji M, Vakili O, Shafiee SM. Autophagy and the unfolded protein response shape the non-alcoholic fatty liver landscape: decoding the labyrinth. Metabolism 2024; 154:155811. [PMID: 38309690 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise, mirroring a global surge in diabetes and metabolic syndrome, as its major leading causes. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can potentially progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, we know the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a protective cellular mechanism, being triggered under circumstances of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The hepatic UPR is turned on in a broad spectrum of liver diseases, including NAFLD. Recent data also defines molecular mechanisms that may underlie the existing correlation between UPR activation and NAFLD. More interestingly, subsequent studies have demonstrated an additional mechanism, i.e. autophagy, to be involved in hepatic steatosis, and thus NAFLD pathogenesis, principally by regulating the insulin sensitivity, hepatocellular injury, innate immunity, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. All these findings suggest possible mechanistic roles for autophagy in the progression of NAFLD and its complications. Both UPR and autophagy are dynamic and interconnected fluxes that act as protective responses to minimize the harmful effects of hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as the ER stress during NAFLD. The functions of UPR and autophagy in the liver, together with findings of decreased hepatic autophagy in correlation with conditions that predispose to NAFLD, such as obesity and aging, suggest that autophagy and UPR, alone or combined, may be novel therapeutic targets against the disease. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the interplay between autophagy and the UPR in connection to the NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dashti
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeynab Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Kiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Borji
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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8
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Zhou Y, Li F, Fu K, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Tang H, Xu Z, Luo L, Han J, Yang L, Zhou B. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate Enhances foxo1-Mediated Lipophagy to Remodel Lipid Metabolism in Zebrafish Liver. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4581-4593. [PMID: 38422554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
An emerging environmental contaminant, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), can bioaccumulate in the liver and affect hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the in-depth mechanism has yet to be comprehensively explored. In this study, we utilized transgenic zebrafish Tg (Apo14: GFP) to image the interference of TBPH on zebrafish liver development and lipid metabolism at the early development stage. Using integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to profile the lipid remodeling effect, we uncovered the potential effects of TBPH on lipophagy-related signaling pathways in zebrafish larvae. Decreased lipid contents accompanied by enhanced lipophagy were confirmed by the measurements of Oil Red O staining and transmission electron microscopy in liver tissues. Particularly, the regulatory role of the foxo1 factor was validated via its transcriptional inhibitor. Double immunofluorescence staining integrated with biochemical analysis indicated that the enhanced lipophagy and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation induced by TBPH were reversed by the foxo1 inhibitor. To summarize, our study reveals, for the first time, the essential role of foxo1-mediated lipophagy in TBPH-induced lipid metabolic disorders and hepatoxicity, providing new insights for metabolic disease studies and ecological health risk assessment of TBPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yindan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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9
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Huang M, Zhang Y, Park J, Chowdhury K, Xu J, Lu A, Wang L, Zhang W, Ekser B, Yu L, Dong XC. ATG14 plays a critical role in hepatic lipid droplet homeostasis. Metabolism 2023; 148:155693. [PMID: 37741434 PMCID: PMC10591826 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy-related 14 (ATG14) is a key regulator of autophagy. ATG14 is also localized to lipid droplet; however, the function of ATG14 on lipid droplet remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of ATG14 in lipid droplet homeostasis. METHODS ATG14 loss-of-function and gain-of-function in lipid droplet metabolism were analyzed by fluorescence imaging in ATG14 knockdown or overexpression hepatocytes. Specific domains involved in the ATG14 targeting to lipid droplets were analyzed by deletion or site-specific mutagenesis. ATG14-interacting proteins were analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. The effect of ATG14 on lipolysis was analyzed in human hepatocytes and mouse livers that were deficient in ATG14, comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), or both. RESULTS Our data show that ATG14 is enriched on lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Mutagenesis analysis reveals that the Barkor/ATG14 autophagosome targeting sequence (BATS) domain of ATG14 is responsible for the ATG14 localization to lipid droplets. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis illustrates that ATG14 interacts with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and CGI-58. Moreover, ATG14 also enhances the interaction between ATGL and CGI-58. In vitro lipolysis analysis demonstrates that ATG14 deficiency remarkably decreases triglyceride hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ATG14 can directly enhance lipid droplet breakdown through interactions with ATGL and CGI-58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kushan Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiazhi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alex Lu
- Park Tudor School, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA..
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10
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Song C, Long X, He J, Huang Y. Recent evaluation about inflammatory mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1081334. [PMID: 37007030 PMCID: PMC10061077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common chronic metabolic liver disorder which is associated with fat accumulation in the liver. It causes a wide range of pathological effects such as insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms that cause the initiation and progression of NAFLD remain fully unclear. Inflammation is regarded as a significant mechanism which could result in cell death and tissue injury. Accumulation of leukocytes and hepatic inflammation are important contributors in NAFLD. Excessive inflammatory response can deteriorate the tissue injury in NAFLD. Thus, inhibition of inflammation improves NAFLD by reducing intrahepatic fat content, increasing β-oxidation of fatty acids, inducing hepato-protective autophagy, overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR-γ), as well as attenuating hepatocyte apoptosis and increasing insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the molecules and signaling pathways suggests us valuable information about NAFLD progression. This review aimed to evaluate the inflammation in NAFLD and the molecular mechanism on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Song
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian Long
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Affiliated to University of South China, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yongpan Huang, ; Jianbin He,
| | - Yongpan Huang
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yongpan Huang, ; Jianbin He,
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