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Li L, Fu J, Liu N. Advances in the Structures, Pharmacological Activities, and Biosynthesis of Plant Diterpenoids. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1563-1579. [PMID: 39081244 PMCID: PMC11380518 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
More and more diterpenoids have attracted extensive attention due to the diverse chemical structures and excellent biological activities, and have been developed into clinical drugs or consumer products. The vast majority of diterpenoids are derived from plants. With the long-term development of plant medicinal materials, the natural resources of many plant diterpenoids are decreasing, and the biosynthetic mechanism of key active components has increasingly become a research hotspot. Using synthetic biology to engineer microorganisms into "cell factories" to produce the desired compounds is an essential means to solve these problems. In this review, we depict the plant-derived diterpenoids from chemical structure, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. We use representative plant diterpenes as examples to expound the research progress on their biosynthesis, and summarize the heterologous production of plant diterpenoids in microorganisms in recent years, hoping to lay the foundation for the development and application of plant diterpenoids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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Qamar H, Li Y, He R, Waqas M, Song M, Deng D, Cui Y, Yang P, Liu Z, Qammar B, Asnan M, Xie X, Yu M, Ma X. Integrated Metabolomics and Metagenomics Unveiled Biomarkers of Antioxidant Potential in Fermented Brewer's Grains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:872. [PMID: 39061941 PMCID: PMC11274078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the global food supply is wasted. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), being produced in enormous amounts by the brewery industry, possesses an eminence nutritional profile, yet its recycling is often neglected for multiple reasons. We employed integrated metagenomics and metabolomics techniques to assess the effects of enzyme treatments and Lactobacillus fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of BSG. The biotreated BSG revealed improved antioxidant capability, as evidenced by significantly increased (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activity and flavonoid and polyphenol content. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that Lactobacillus fermentation led to the prominent synthesis (p < 0.05) of 15 novel antioxidant peptides, as well as significantly higher (p < 0.05) enrichment of isoflavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. The correlation analysis demonstrated that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited strong correlation (p < 0.05) with aucubin and carbohydrate-active enzymes, namely, glycoside hydrolases 25, glycosyl transferases 5, and carbohydrate esterases 9. The fermented BSG has potential applications in the food industry as a culture medium, a functional food component for human consumption, and a bioactive feed ingredient for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Qamar
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Institute of Biological Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Genetic Improvement, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China;
| | - Rong He
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan;
| | - Min Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Pan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | | | - Muhammad Asnan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Xiangxue Xie
- Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Maoming 525000, China
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Escobar-Montaño F, Macías-Sánchez AJ, Botubol-Ares JM, Durán-Patrón R, Hernández-Galán R. A Biomimetic Approach to Premyrsinane-Type Diterpenoids: Exploring Microbial Transformation to Enhance Their Chemical Diversity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:842. [PMID: 38592850 PMCID: PMC10975351 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Premyrsinane-type diterpenoids have been considered to originate from the cyclization of a suitable 5,6- or 6,17-epoxylathyrane precursor. Their biological activities have not been sufficiently explored to date, so the development of synthetic or microbial approaches for the preparation of new derivatives would be desirable. Epoxyboetirane A (4) is an 6,17-epoxylathyrane isolated from Euphorbia boetica in a large enough amount to be used in semi-synthesis. Transannular cyclization of 4 mediated by Cp2TiIIICl afforded premyrsinane 5 in good yield as an only diasteroisomer. To enhance the structural diversity of premyrsinanes so their potential use in neurodegenerative disorders could be explored, compound 5 was biotransformed by Mucor circinelloides NRRL3631 to give rise to hydroxylated derivatives at non-activated carbons (6-7), all of which were reported here for the first time. The structures and absolute configurations of all compounds were determined through extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Escobar-Montaño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (F.E.-M.); (A.J.M.-S.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Antonio J. Macías-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (F.E.-M.); (A.J.M.-S.); (R.H.-G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Botubol-Ares
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (F.E.-M.); (A.J.M.-S.); (R.H.-G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Durán-Patrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (F.E.-M.); (A.J.M.-S.); (R.H.-G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosario Hernández-Galán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (F.E.-M.); (A.J.M.-S.); (R.H.-G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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Rojas-Jiménez S, Valladares-Cisneros MG, Salinas-Sánchez DO, Pérez-Ramos J, Sánchez-Pérez L, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Campos-Xolalpa N. Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Compounds Isolated from Plants of Euphorbia Genus. Molecules 2024; 29:1083. [PMID: 38474596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia is a large genus of the Euphorbiaceae family. Around 250 species of the Euphorbia genus have been studied chemically and pharmacologically; different compounds have been isolated from these species, especially diterpenes and triterpenes. Several reports show that several species have anti-inflammatory activity, which can be attributed to the presence of diterpenes, such as abietanes, ingenanes, and lathyranes. In addition, it was found that some diterpenes isolated from different Euphorbia species have anti-cancer activity. In this review, we included compounds isolated from species of the Euphorbia genus with anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic effects published from 2018 to September 2023. The databases used for this review were Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar, using the keywords Euphorbia with anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic activity. In this review, 68 studies were collected and analyzed regarding the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of 264 compounds obtained from 36 species of the Euphorbia genus. The compounds included in this review are terpenes (95%), of which 68% are diterpenes, especially of the types ingenanes, abietanes, and triterpenes (approximately 15%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Rojas-Jiménez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Valladares-Cisneros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julia Pérez-Ramos
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Salud Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | - Nimsi Campos-Xolalpa
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
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Mendes E, Ramalhete C, Duarte N. Myrsinane-Type Diterpenes: A Comprehensive Review on Structural Diversity, Chemistry and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:147. [PMID: 38203318 PMCID: PMC10779237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species are important sources of polycyclic and macrocyclic diterpenes, which have been the focus of natural-product-based drug research due to their relevant biological properties, including anticancer, multidrug resistance reversal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Premyrsinane, cyclomyrsinane, and myrsinane diterpenes are generally and collectively designated as myrsinane-type diterpenes. These compounds are derived from the macrocyclic lathyrane structure and are characterized by having highly oxygenated rearranged polycyclic systems. This review aims to describe and summarize the distribution and diversity of 220 myrsinane-type diterpenes isolated in the last four decades from about 20 Euphorbia species. Some myrsinane diterpenes obtained from Jatropha curcas are also described. Discussion on their plausible biosynthetic pathways is presented, as well as isolation procedures and structural elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the most important biological activities are highlighted, which include cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities, the modulation of efflux pumps, the neuroprotective effects, and the inhibition of enzymes such as urease, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and prolyl endopeptidase, among other biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
- ATLÂNTICA—Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
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