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Gunathilaka BE, Jeong SM, Kim KW, Lee S, Hur SW, You SG, Lee SM. Evaluation of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid and Sodium Butyrate in Juvenile Red Seabream ( Pagrus major) Diets Containing Graded Levels of Fish Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1973. [PMID: 38998085 PMCID: PMC11240378 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the supplementary effects of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and sodium butyrate (SB) when a graded level of fish meal (FM) was replaced with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets for juvenile red seabream (Pagrus major). A control diet was designed to contain 60% FM (F60). Two other diets were formulated by reducing FM levels to 40% and 20% with SPC (F40 and F20). Six more diets were formulated by adding 0.02% GABA or 0.2% SB to each F60, F40 and F20 diets (F60G, F60S, F40G, F40S, F20G and F20S). Each diet was randomly assigned to a triplicate group of fish (5.52 g/fish) and provided for eight weeks. Final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed F60G, F60S, F40G and F40S diets were comparable and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other groups. The growth of fish fed SB-containing diets was significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to fish fed the respective control diets. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the fish fed all diets containing 60% and 40% FM compared to F20 and F20G groups. The F40S diet resulted in the highest feed utilization values. The F20S group exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed utilization than the F20 and F20G groups. Serum lysozyme activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed the GABA- and SB-containing diets compared to the F20 group. The F60S group exhibited the highest lysozyme activity which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the F20 and F40 groups. Therefore, the growth performance, feed utilization and innate immunity of red seabream can be enhanced by dietary supplementation with GABA or SB in low-FM diets containing SPC. The FM level in the juvenile red seabream diet can be reduced to 40% with SPC and GABA or SB while maintaining performance better than a diet containing 60% FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi E. Gunathilaka
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Mok Jeong
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sang-Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.)
| | - Sang-Guan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
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Bae J, Moniruzzaman M, Je HW, Lee S, Choi W, Min T, Kim KW, Bai SC. Evaluation of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Functional Feed Ingredient on Growth Performance, Immune Enhancement, and Disease Resistance in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) under High Stocking Density. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:647. [PMID: 38929086 PMCID: PMC11201082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is found in the brain and central nervous system of animals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It has been shown to have a variety of physiological functions, including stress reduction and immune enhancement. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum biochemistry, innate immunity, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda under high-stocking density. A control diet and three experimental diets were prepared, with 150 mg/kg (GABA150), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 250 mg/kg (GABA250) of GABA added to each diet, respectively. Each experimental diet was fed to olive flounders in triplicate with an initial weight of 12.75 g ± 0.3 g in 40 L tanks at two stocking densities: normal density (20 fish/tank) and high density (40 fish/tank). After 8 weeks of the feeding trial, growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate compositions, blood analyses, and non-specific immune responses were measured, and challenge tests were performed. There were no significant differences in the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed the GABA-supplemented diets at the two stocking densities. However, the normal-density groups showed significantly higher WG and SGR than the high-density groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio among all groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the whole-body proximate composition analysis (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in cortisol levels in fish fed the GABA at both densities, but the high-density group showed a significantly higher cortisol than the low-density group. Blood GABA significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of the density groups (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity showed significantly higher levels than the control group, but there was no significant effect of the stocking densities in fish fed the GABA diets (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activities in fish fed the GABA200 and GABA250 diets showed significantly higher levels at both of the stocking densities (p < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in the GABA150 group than in the CON, GABA200, and GABA250 groups (p < 0.05). After 15 days of challenge tests with Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rates of the GABA150, GABA200, and GABA250 groups were significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the optimal dietary GABA level for juvenile olive flounder culture is 150 mg/kg, regardless of rearing density, to enhance growth, immunity, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Bae
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA), Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeong-Woo Je
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- CJ Feed & Care, AN R&D Center, 170, Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04548, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Resources Computing Research Center, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Sungchul C. Bai
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea
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Nashaat NH, Elrouby I, Zeidan HM, Kilany A, Abdelraouf ER, Hashish AF, Abdelhady HS, ElKeblawy MM, Shadi MS. Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Exploring Gluten Sensitivity and Changes in Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Plasma Levels. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 151:104-110. [PMID: 38154236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) were reported to have genetic variations related to gluten sensitivity and some neuroanatomic changes, which could be associated with alterations in neurotransmitters levels such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The aim was to measure the levels of antigliadin immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody, glutamate, and GABA in the plasma of children with CAS compared with children with delayed language development (DLD) and neurotypical (NT) children. METHODS The participants (N = 120) were in three groups: Group I for CAS (N = 30), Group II for DLD (N = 60), and Group III for NT (N = 30). The abilities of children in Groups I and II were evaluated. The plasma levels of antigliadin IgA, glutamate, and GABA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The intelligence quotient and expressive language age in Group I were low compared with Group II (P = 0.001; 0.004). The levels of antigliadin IgA and glutamate in Group I were higher compared with the other two groups, whereas the level of GABA was lower (P < 0.0001). An imbalance between glutamate and GABA was found in Group I. In Group II, no measures differed from NTs except lower GABA levels (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS The elevated levels of antigliadin IgA antibody and glutamate demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, differentiating children with CAS from children with DLD and NT children. The low levels of GABA contributed to the imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters' levels detected in children with CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Hassan Nashaat
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Iman Elrouby
- Phoniatrics Department, Hearing and Speech Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala M Zeidan
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Kilany
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Ragaa Abdelraouf
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Learning Disability and Neurorehabilitation Research Field, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel F Hashish
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Sherif Abdelhady
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M ElKeblawy
- Children with Special Needs Research Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam S Shadi
- Unit of Phoniatrics, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ruenkoed S, Nontasan S, Phudkliang J, Phudinsai P, Pongtanalert P, Panprommin D, Mongkolwit K, Wangkahart E. Effect of dietary gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulated the growth performance, immune and antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology and gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109056. [PMID: 37673386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary GABA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions in animals, but this has been rarely reported in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum antioxidant indicators, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and the gene expression of Nile tilapia. Diets containing three different GABA concentrations, 0 (control), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 500 mg/kg (GABA500), were fed to Nile tilapia (6.97 ± 0.34 g) for 56 days. The present study found that increasing dietary GABA content could increase the fish growth performance including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, protein efficiency ratio, and feed efficiency compared to the control diet. Interestingly, the feed conversion ratio was improved by dietary GABA supplementation. The antioxidant enzyme activities against ammonia stress of fish fed the GABA diets were significantly higher than the corresponding control group throughout the 96-h ammonia exposure. Moreover, significant increases in digestive enzyme activities including protease, amylase and lipase were found in fish fed the GABA diets. Intestinal morphology analysis revealed increased heights and widths of intestinal villi as well as thickness of the intestinal muscularis in fish fed the GABA diets compared to the control diet. The supplementation of diets with GABA significantly increased the expression level of immune- and growth-related genes. The above results indicate that dietary GABA can modulate the growth, improve their immune response and antioxidant status, gut health and morphology and gene expression of Nile tilapia. Therefore, GABA is a promising feed additive for Nile tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Ruenkoed
- Research Institute, Pucheng Chia Tai Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Pucheng, Fujian, 353400, China
| | - Supap Nontasan
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand; Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Mahasarakham University, Talad Sub-district, Muang, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Janjira Phudkliang
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Phudinsai
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Pongtanalert
- Research Institute, Pucheng Chia Tai Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Pucheng, Fujian, 353400, China
| | - Dutrudi Panprommin
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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