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Ma J, Choi J, Park S, Kong I, Kim D, Lee C, Youn Y, Hwang M, Oh S, Hong W, Kim W. Liquid Crystals for Advanced Smart Devices with Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications: Recent Progress for Next-Generation Communications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302474. [PMID: 37225649 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) technology have a well-established history of applications in visible light, particularly in the display industry. However, with the rapid growth in communication technology, LCs have become a topic of current interest for high-frequency microwave (MW) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications due to promising characteristics such as tunability, continuous tuning, low losses, and price compatibility. To improve the performance of future communication technology using LCs, it is not sufficient only with the perspective of radio-frequency (RF) technology. Therefore, it is imperative to understand not only the novel structural designs and optimization of MW engineering but also the perspective of materials engineering when implementing advanced RF devices with maximum performance for next-generation satellite and terrestrial communication. Herein, based on advanced nematic LCs, polymer-modified LCs, dual-frequency LCs, and photo-reactive LCs, this article summarizes and examines the modulation principles and key research directions for the design strategies of LCs for advanced smart RF devices with improved driving performance and novel functionality. Furthermore, the challenges in development of state-of-the-art smart RF devices that use LCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Ma
- Laboratory of Wave-Arrays and Display Engineering (WADE Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- Laboratory of Wave-Arrays and Display Engineering (WADE Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Park
- Laboratory of Wave-Arrays and Display Engineering (WADE Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Imbo Kong
- Laboratory of Wave-Arrays and Display Engineering (WADE Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Microwave Antenna, Device and System (MADs Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheonga Lee
- Laboratory of Microwave Antenna, Device and System (MADs Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngno Youn
- Laboratory of Microwave Antenna, Device and System (MADs Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeonggin Hwang
- Laboratory of Microwave Antenna, Device and System (MADs Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Oh
- Laboratory of Liquid Crystal Photonics (LCP Group), Department of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Hong
- Laboratory of Microwave Antenna, Device and System (MADs Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooksung Kim
- Laboratory of Wave-Arrays and Display Engineering (WADE Group), Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Kravchenko SV, Myasnikova VV, Sakhnov SN. The Chick Embryo and Its Structures as a Model System for Experimental Ophthalmology. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:405-412. [PMID: 36881281 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The possibilities of using the chick embryo and its individual structures as a model system in experimental ophthalmology are considered. Cultures of the retina and spinal ganglia from chick embryos are used in the development of new methods for the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and ischemic optic neuropathy. The chorioallantoic membrane is used for modelling vascular pathologies of the eye, screening of anti-VEGF drugs, and assessing biocompatibility of implants. Co-culturing of chick embryo nervous tissue and human corneal cells makes it possible to study the processes of corneal reinnervation. The use of chick embryo cells and tissues in the "organ-on-a-chip" system opens up wide opportunities for fundamental and applied ophthalmological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kravchenko
- Krasnodar Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russia.
| | - V V Myasnikova
- Krasnodar Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russia
- Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - S N Sakhnov
- Krasnodar Branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russia
- Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russia
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Yan S, Wang S, Hao Z, Liu M, Miao C, Alam MF, Bai R, Li L, Luo Y, Liu T, Lin B, Zhang W, Lu Y. Rapid prototyping of PDMS microdevices via µPLAT on nonplanar surfaces with flexible hollow-out mask. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33418543 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd9d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of PDMS microfabrication is to develop a simple and inexpensive method for rapid fabrication. Despite the recent advancements in this field, facile PDMS microfabrication on non-planar surfaces remains elusive. Here we report a facile method for rapid prototyping of PDMS microdevices via µPLAT (microscale plasma-activated templating) on non-planar surfaces through micropatterning of hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface by flexible PVC hollow-out mask. This mask can be easily prepared with flexible PVC film through a cutting crafter and applied as pattern definer during the plasma treatment for microscale hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface formation on different substrates. The whole process requires low inputs in terms of time as well as toxic chemicals. Inspired by liquid molding, we demonstrated its use for rapid prototyping of PDMS microstructures. Following the proof-of-concept study, we also demonstrated the use of the flexible hollow-out mask to facilitate cell patterning on curved substrates, which is difficult to realize with conventional methods. Collectively, our work utilizes flexible and foldable PVC film as mask materials for facile microscale hydrophilic non-planar surface modification to establish a useful tool for PDMS prototyping and cell patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Yan
- Fudan University, Dongan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Shuting Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116086, CHINA
| | - Zhujing Hao
- DICP, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, CHINA
| | - Meimei Liu
- DICP, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, CHINA
| | - Chunyue Miao
- DICP, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, CHINA
| | - Md Fazle Alam
- Fudan University, Dongan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Ruihan Bai
- DICP, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, CHINA
| | - Linmei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, CHINA
| | - Yong Luo
- Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, CHINA
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Lvshun Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, CHINA
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- DICP, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Yao Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 ZHONGSHAN ROAD, Dalian, 116023, CHINA
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Micropatterning Method for Porous Materials Using the Difference of the Glass Transition Temperature between Exposed and Unexposed Areas of a Thick-Photoresist. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010054. [PMID: 31906208 PMCID: PMC7019882 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A cell culture on a scaffold has the advantages of functionality and easy handling, because the geometry of the cellular tissue is controlled by designing the scaffold. To create complex cellular tissue, scaffolds should be complex two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures. However, it is difficult to fabricate a scaffold with a 2D and 3D structure because the shape, size, and fabrication processes of a 2D structure in creating a cell layer, and a 3D structure containing cells, are different. In this research, we propose a micropatterning method for porous materials using the difference of the glass transition temperature between exposed and unexposed areas of a thick-photoresist. Since the proposed method does not require a vacuum, high temperature, or high voltage, it can be used for fabricating various structures with a wide range of scales, regardless of the materials used. Additionally, the patterning area can be fabricated accurately by photolithography. To evaluate the proposed method, a membrane integrated scaffold (MIS) with a 2D porous membrane and 3D porous material was fabricated. The MIS had a porous membrane with a pore size of 4 μm or less, which was impermeable to cells, and a porous material which was capable of containing cells. By seeding HUVECs and HeLa cells on each side of the MIS, the cellular tissue was formed with the designed geometry.
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Abstract
In this study, we propose a microchip that is sequentially capable of fluorescently staining and washing DNAs. The main advantage of this microchip is that it allows for one-step preparation of small amounts of solution without degrading microscopic bio-objects such as the DNAs, cells, and biomolecules to be stained. The microchip consists of two inlets, the main channel, staining zone, washing zone, and one outlet, and was processed using a femtosecond laser system. High molecular transport of rhodamine B to deionized water was observed in the performance test of the microchip. Results revealed that the one-step procedure of on-chip DNA staining and washing was excellent compared to the conventional staining method. The one-step preparation of stained and washed DNAs through the microchip will be useful for preparing small volumes of experimental samples.
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Parittotokkaporn S, Dravid A, Bansal M, Aqrawe Z, Svirskis D, Suresh V, O’Carroll SJ. Make it simple: long-term stable gradient generation in a microfluidic microdevice. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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