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Liu X, Chen Y, Wang L, Yu T, Wang Z, Xue K, Sui Y, Chen Y. Research on High-Precision Resonant Capacitance Bridge Based on Multiple Transformers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3844. [PMID: 38931628 PMCID: PMC11207619 DOI: 10.3390/s24123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The Taiji program is dedicated to the detection of middle and low-frequency gravitational waves, targeting the 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz frequency band. The project requires an acceleration residual sensitivity of 3 × 10-15 ms-2/Hz1/2, which necessitates a capacitance sensing resolution of 1 aF/Hz1/2 for the capacitive sensing system within the specified frequency range. The noise level of the resonant bridge significantly influences the resolution. Addressing the challenges in enhancing transformer performance parameters in existing resonant capacitance bridges and the constraints on improving the characteristics of resonant capacitance bridges, this study introduces a novel approach to reduce bridge thermal noise without optimizing existing parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that this scheme can reduce the noise to 0.7 times the original level and further reduce bridge thermal noise when other parameters affecting noise are optimized. This not only mitigates the demands for other performance parameters but also increases the range of maximum acceptable resonant frequency deviations and reduces its sensitivity to such variations. Experimental validation confirms that the proposed scheme effectively reduces noise by 0.7 times and improves the resolution of capacitance sensing to 0.6 aF/Hz1/2, thereby advancing the Taiji program gravitational wave detection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Longqi Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (T.Y.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.)
| | | | - Zhi Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (T.Y.); (K.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.)
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Yang XT, Hu M, Wang CR, Li D, Chen DC, Ouyang CL, Bai YZ, Qu SB, Zhou ZB. A method for high-precision measuring differential transformer asymmetry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:065006. [PMID: 37862499 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The differential transformer is an important component in the front-end electronics of high-precision capacitive position sensing circuits, which are widely employed in space inertial sensors and electrostatic accelerometers. The position sensing offset, one of the space inertial sensors' most critical error sources in the performance range, is dominated by the differential transformer asymmetry and requires a high-precision evaluation. This paper proposes a method to assess differential transformers' asymmetry and realize a prototype circuit to test a transformer sample. The results show that the asymmetry measurement precision can achieve 0.6 ppm for the transformer with an asymmetry level of about -278.2 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Cheng-Rui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Duo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - De-Cong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao-Li Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan-Zheng Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shao-Bo Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ze-Bing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Editorial for the Special Issue on Advances in Capacitive Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11110993. [PMID: 33167435 PMCID: PMC7694505 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Capacitive sensors are an active research area with multiple advantages and great applicability [...].
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Yu J, Wang C, Wang Y, Bai Y, Hu M, Li K, Li Z, Qu S, Wu S, Zhou Z. Investigation on Stray-Capacitance Influences of Coaxial Cables in Capacitive Transducers for a Space Inertial Sensor. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113233. [PMID: 32517190 PMCID: PMC7308964 DOI: 10.3390/s20113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-sensitive inertial sensors are one of the key components in satellite Earth’s gravity field recovery missions and space gravitational wave detection missions. Low-noise capacitive position transducers are crucial to these missions to achieve the scientific goal. However, in actual engineering applications, the sensor head and electronics unit usually place separately in the satellite platform where a connecting cable is needed. In this paper, we focus on the stray-capacitance influences of coaxial cables which are used to connect the mechanical core and the electronics. Specially, for the capacitive transducer with a differential transformer bridge structure usually used in high-precision space inertial sensors, a connecting method of a coaxial cable between the transformer’s secondary winding and front-end circuit’s preamplifier is proposed to transmit the AC modulated analog voltage signal. The measurement and noise models including the stray-capacitance of the coaxial cable under this configuration is analyzed. A prototype system is set up to investigate the influences of the cables experimentally. Three different types and lengths of coaxial cables are chosen in our experiments to compare their performances. The analysis shows that the stray-capacitance will alter the circuit’s resonant frequency which could be adjusted by additional tuning capacitance, then under the optimal resonant condition, the output voltage noises of the preamplifier are measured and the sensitivity coefficients are also calibrated. Meanwhile, the stray-capacitance of the cables is estimated. Finally, the experimental results show that the noise level of this circuit with the selected cables could all achieve 1–2 × 10−7 pF/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chengrui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yanzheng Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;
| | - Ke Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhuxi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shaobo Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuchao Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zebing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Y.); (C.W.); (Y.W.); (K.L.); (Z.L.); (S.Q.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.)
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