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Sahu N, Mahanty B, Haldar D. Challenges and opportunities in bioprocessing of gellan gum: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133912. [PMID: 39025193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) - the microbial exopolysaccharide is increasingly being adopted into drug development, tissue engineering, and food and pharmaceutical products. In spite of the commercial importance and expanding application horizon of GG, little attention has been directed toward the exploration of novel microbial cultures, development of advanced screening protocols, strain engineering, and robust upstream or downstream processes. This comprehensive review not only attempts to summarize the existing knowledge pool on GG bioprocess but also critically assesses their inherent challenges. The process optimization design augmented with advanced machine learning modeling tools, widely adopted in other microbial bioprocesses, should be extended to GG. The unification of mechanistic insight into data-driven modeling would help to formulate optimal feeding and process control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswar Sahu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Biswanath Mahanty
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Heuberger L, Messmer D, dos Santos EC, Scherrer D, Lörtscher E, Schoenenberger C, Palivan CG. Microfluidic Giant Polymer Vesicles Equipped with Biopores for High-Throughput Screening of Bacteria. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307103. [PMID: 38158637 PMCID: PMC10953582 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is critical for the development of new therapeutics. Traditional methods for testing bacteria are often limited in their efficiency and reusability. Single bacterial cells can be studied at high throughput using double emulsions, although the lack of control over the oil shell permeability and limited access to the droplet interior present serious drawbacks. Here, a straightforward strategy for studying bacteria-encapsulating double emulsion-templated giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is introduced. This microfluidic approach serves to simultaneously load bacteria inside synthetic GUVs and to permeabilize their membrane with the pore-forming peptide melittin. This enables antibiotic delivery or the influx of fresh medium into the GUV lumen for highly parallel cultivation and antimicrobial efficacy testing. Polymer-based GUVs proved to be efficient culture and analysis microvessels, as microfluidics allow easy selection and encapsulation of bacteria and rapid modification of culture conditions for antibiotic development. Further, a method for in situ profiling of biofilms within GUVs for high-throughput screening is demonstrated. Conceivably, synthetic GUVs equipped with biopores can serve as a foundation for the high-throughput screening of bacterial colony interactions during biofilm formation and for investigating the effect of antibiotics on biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heuberger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Elena C. dos Santos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- IBM Research Europe–ZürichSäumerstrasse 4Rüschlikon8803Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- IBM Research Europe–ZürichSäumerstrasse 4Rüschlikon8803Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringMattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095Basel4058Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringMattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095Basel4058Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)University of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82Basel4056Switzerland
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3
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Cleaver L, Garnett JA. How to study biofilms: technological advancements in clinical biofilm research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1335389. [PMID: 38156318 PMCID: PMC10753778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1335389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy commonly used by bacteria and fungi, which are embedded in a protective extracellular matrix of organic polymers. They are ubiquitous in nature, including humans and other animals, and they can be surface- and non-surface-associated, making them capable of growing in and on many different parts of the body. Biofilms are also complex, forming polymicrobial communities that are difficult to eradicate due to their unique growth dynamics, and clinical infections associated with biofilms are a huge burden in the healthcare setting, as they are often difficult to diagnose and to treat. Our understanding of biofilm formation and development is a fast-paced and important research focus. This review aims to describe the advancements in clinical biofilm research, including both in vitro and in vivo biofilm models, imaging techniques and techniques to analyse the biological functions of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Garnett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Alvand ZM, Rahimi M, Rafati H. Chitosan decorated essential oil nanoemulsions for enhanced antibacterial activity using a microfluidic device and response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124257. [PMID: 36996964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the antibacterial activity of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil nanoemulsions improved by employing chitosan (ch/SKEO NE) against E. coli bacterium. The optimum ch/SKEO NE with mean droplet size of 68 nm was attained at 1.97, 1.23, and 0.10%w/w of surfactant, essential oil and chitosan, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Applying microfluidic platform, the ch/SKEO NE resulted in improved antibacterial activity owing to the modification of surface properties. The nanoemulsion samples showed a significant rupturing effect on the E. coli bacterial cell membrane which resulted in a rapid release of cellular contents. This action was remarkably intensified by executing microfluidic chip in parallel to the conventional method. Having treated the bacteria in the microfluidic chip for 5 min with a 8 μg/mL concentration of ch/SKEO NE, the bacterial integrity disrupted quickly, and the activity was totally lost in a 10-min period at 37 μg/mL, while it took 5 h for a complete inhibition in the conventional method using the same concentration of ch/SKEO NE. It can be concluded that nanoemulsification of EOs using chitosan coating can intensify the interaction of nanodroplets with the bacterial membrane, especially within the microfluidic chips which provides high contact surface area.
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Liu H, Yang C, Wang B. Rapid Customization and Manipulation Mechanism of Micro-Droplet Chip for 3D Cell Culture. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2050. [PMID: 36557350 PMCID: PMC9783585 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A full PDMS micro-droplet chip for 3D cell culture was prepared by using SLA light-curing 3D printing technology. This technology can quickly customize various chips required for experiments, saving time and capital costs for experiments. Moreover, an injection molding method was used to prepare the full PDMS chip, and the convex mold was prepared by light-curing 3D printing technology. Compared with the traditional preparation process of micro-droplet chips, the use of 3D printing technology to prepare micro-droplet chips can save manufacturing and time costs. The different ratios of PDMS substrate and cover sheet and the material for making the convex mold can improve the bonding strength and power of the micro-droplet chip. Use the prepared micro-droplet chip to carry out micro-droplet forming and manipulation experiments. Aimed to the performance of the full PDMS micro-droplet chip in biological culture was verified by using a solution such as chondrocyte suspension, and the control of the micro-droplet was achieved by controlling the flow rate of the dispersed phase and continuous phase. Experimental verification shows that the designed chip can meet the requirements of experiments, and it can be observed that the micro-droplets of sodium alginate and the calcium chloride solution are cross-linked into microspheres with three-dimensional (3D) structures. These microspheres are fixed on a biological scaffold made of calcium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol. Subsequently, the state of the cells after different time cultures was observed, and it was observed that the chondrocytes grew well in the microsphere droplets. The proposed method has fine control over the microenvironment and accurate droplet size manipulation provided by fluid flow compared to existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bangbing Wang
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Bourguignon N, Alessandrello M, Booth R, Lobo CB, Juárez Tomás MS, Cumbal L, Perez M, Bhansali S, Ferrero M, Lerner B. Bioremediation on a chip: A portable microfluidic device for efficient screening of bacterial biofilm with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal capacity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135001. [PMID: 35605730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants of critical environmental and public health concern and their elimination from contaminated sites is significant for the environment. Biodegradation studies have demonstrated the ability of bacteria in biofilm conformation to enhance the biodegradation of pollutants. In this study, we used our newly developed microfluidic platform to explore biofilm development, properties, and applications of fluid flow, as a new technique for screening PAHs-degrading biofilms. The optimization and evaluation of the flow condition in the microchannels were performed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The formation of biofilms by PAHs-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas sp. P26 and Gordonia sp. H19, as pure cultures and co-culture, was obtained in the developed microchips. The removal efficiencies of acenaphthene, fluoranthene and pyrene were determined by HPLC. All the biofilms formed in the microchips removed all tested PAHs, with the higher removal percentages observed with the Pseudomonas sp. P26 biofilm (57.4% of acenaphthene, 40.9% of fluoranthene, and 28.9% of pyrene). Pseudomonas sp. P26 biofilm removed these compounds more efficiently than planktonic cultures. This work proved that the conformation of biofilms enhances the removal rate. It also provided a new tool to rapid and low-cost screen for effective pollutant-degrading biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bourguignon
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, 1706, Argentina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Mauricio Alessandrello
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI, CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc., 4300 Hacienda Dr, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Constanza Belén Lobo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI, CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Cumbal
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - Maximiliano Perez
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, 1706, Argentina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Marcela Ferrero
- YPF Tecnologia, Av. del Petróleo Argentino, 900-1198, Berisso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Betiana Lerner
- IREN Center, National Technological University, Buenos Aires, 1706, Argentina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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7
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Nguyen AV, Shourabi AY, Yaghoobi M, Zhang S, Simpson KW, Abbaspourrad A. A high-throughput integrated biofilm-on-a-chip platform for the investigation of combinatory physicochemical responses to chemical and fluid shear stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272294. [PMID: 35960726 PMCID: PMC9374262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical conditions play a key role in the development of biofilm removal strategies. This study presents an integrated, double-layer, high-throughput microfluidic chip for real-time screening of the combined effect of antibiotic concentration and fluid shear stress (FSS) on biofilms. Biofilms of Escherichia coli LF82 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested against gentamicin and streptomycin to examine the time dependent effects of concentration and FSS on the integrity of the biofilm. A MatLab image analysis method was developed to measure the bacterial surface coverage and total fluorescent intensity of the biofilms before and after each treatment. The chip consists of two layers. The top layer contains the concentration gradient generator (CGG) capable of diluting the input drug linearly into four concentrations. The bottom layer contains four expanding FSS chambers imposing three different FSSs on cultured biofilms. As a result, 12 combinatorial states of concentration and FSS can be investigated on the biofilm simultaneously. Our proof-of-concept study revealed that the reduction of E. coli biofilms was directly dependent upon both antibacterial dose and shear intensity, whereas the P. aeruginosa biofilms were not impacted as significantly. This confirmed that the effectiveness of biofilm removal is dependent on bacterial species and the environment. Our experimental system could be used to investigate the physicochemical responses of other biofilms or to assess the effectiveness of biofilm removal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann V. Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Arash Yahyazadeh Shourabi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Yaghoobi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Tsai HF, Carlson DW, Koldaeva A, Pigolotti S, Shen AQ. Optimization and Fabrication of Multi-Level Microchannels for Long-Term Imaging of Bacterial Growth and Expansion. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040576. [PMID: 35457881 PMCID: PMC9028424 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are unicellular organisms whose length is usually around a few micrometers. Advances in microfabrication techniques have enabled the design and implementation of microdevices to confine and observe bacterial colony growth. Microstructures hosting the bacteria and microchannels for nutrient perfusion usually require separate microfabrication procedures due to different feature size requirements. This fact increases the complexity of device integration and assembly process. Furthermore, long-term imaging of bacterial dynamics over tens of hours requires stability in the microscope focusing mechanism to ensure less than one-micron drift in the focal axis. In this work, we design and fabricate an integrated multi-level, hydrodynamically-optimized microfluidic chip to study long-term Escherichia coli population dynamics in confined microchannels. Reliable long-term microscopy imaging and analysis has been limited by focus drifting and ghost effect, probably caused by the shear viscosity changes of aging microscopy immersion oil. By selecting a microscopy immersion oil with the most stable viscosity, we demonstrate successful captures of focally stable time-lapse bacterial images for ≥72 h. Our fabrication and imaging methodology should be applicable to other single-cell studies requiring long-term imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Fu Tsai
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.T.); (A.Q.S.); Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 3079) (H.-F.T.)
| | - Daniel W. Carlson
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
| | - Anzhelika Koldaeva
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; (A.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Pigolotti
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; (A.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
- Correspondence: (H.-F.T.); (A.Q.S.); Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 3079) (H.-F.T.)
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Pérez‐Rodríguez S, García‐Aznar JM, Gonzalo‐Asensio J. Microfluidic devices for studying bacterial taxis, drug testing and biofilm formation. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:395-414. [PMID: 33645897 PMCID: PMC8867988 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some bacteria have coevolved to establish symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with plants, animals or humans. With human association, the bacteria can cause a variety of diseases. Thus, understanding bacterial phenotypes at the single-cell level is essential to develop beneficial applications. Traditional microbiological techniques have provided great knowledge about these organisms; however, they have also shown limitations, such as difficulties in culturing some bacteria, the heterogeneity of bacterial populations or difficulties in recreating some physical or biological conditions. Microfluidics is an emerging technique that complements current biological assays. Since microfluidics works with micrometric volumes, it allows fine-tuning control of the test conditions. Moreover, it allows the recruitment of three-dimensional (3D) conditions, in which several processes can be integrated and gradients can be generated, thus imitating physiological 3D environments. Here, we review some key microfluidic-based studies describing the effects of different microenvironmental conditions on bacterial response, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. For this aim, we present different studies classified into six groups according to the design of the microfluidic device: (i) linear channels, (ii) mixing channels, (iii) multiple floors, (iv) porous devices, (v) topographic devices and (vi) droplet microfluidics. Hence, we highlight the potential and possibilities of using microfluidic-based technology to study bacterial phenotypes in comparison with traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez‐Rodríguez
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE)IIS‐AragónZaragozaSpain
- Grupo de Genética de MicobacteriasDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaIIS AragónZaragoza50009Spain
| | - José Manuel García‐Aznar
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE)IIS‐AragónZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Gonzalo‐Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de MicobacteriasDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaIIS AragónZaragoza50009Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades RespiratoriasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid28029Spain
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)Zaragoza50018Spain
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10
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Davidson SL, Niepa THR. Micro-Technologies for Assessing Microbial Dynamics in Controlled Environments. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:745835. [PMID: 35154021 PMCID: PMC8831547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in microfabrication technologies, the miniaturization of traditional culturing techniques has provided ideal methods for interrogating microbial communities in a confined and finely controlled environment. Micro-technologies offer high-throughput screening and analysis, reduced experimental time and resources, and have low footprint. More importantly, they provide access to culturing microbes in situ in their natural environments and similarly, offer optical access to real-time dynamics under a microscope. Utilizing micro-technologies for the discovery, isolation and cultivation of "unculturable" species will propel many fields forward; drug discovery, point-of-care diagnostics, and fundamental studies in microbial community behaviors rely on the exploration of novel metabolic pathways. However, micro-technologies are still largely proof-of-concept, and scalability and commercialization of micro-technologies will require increased accessibility to expensive equipment and resources, as well as simpler designs for usability. Here, we discuss three different miniaturized culturing practices; including microarrays, micromachined devices, and microfluidics; advancements to the field, and perceived challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna-Leigh Davidson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tagbo H. R. Niepa
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Probiotics as Therapeutic Tools against Pathogenic Biofilms: Have We Found the Perfect Weapon? MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial populations inhabiting a variety of natural and human-associated niches have the ability to grow in the form of biofilms. A large part of pathological chronic conditions, and essentially all the bacterial infections associated with implanted medical devices or prosthetics, are caused by microorganisms embedded in a matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biofilm infections are generally characterized by a slow onset, mild symptoms, tendency to chronicity, and refractory response to antibiotic therapy. Even though the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses have been deeply clarified, effective means to fight biofilms are still required. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), used as probiotics, are emerging as powerful weapons to prevent adhesion, biofilm formation, and control overgrowth of pathogens. Hence, using probiotics or their metabolites to quench and interrupt bacterial communication and aggregation, and to interfere with biofilm formation and stability, might represent a new frontier in clinical microbiology and a valid alternative to antibiotic therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the experimental and therapeutic applications of LAB to interfere with biofilm formation or disrupt the stability of pathogenic biofilms.
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12
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Alvand ZM, Rahimi M, Rafati H. A microfluidic chip for visual investigation of the interaction of nanoemulsion of Satureja Khuzistanica essential oil and a model gram-negative bacteria. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121032. [PMID: 34419590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has provided novel approaches against food born and pathogenic bacteria. Within the present study, the effects of pure and nanoemulsified essential oil derived from Satureja Khuzistanica essential oil (SKEO) on Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922) as a human pathogen has been studied using a microfluidic chip. The morphology and antibacterial activity of E. coli at disparate residence durations (from 2 to 30 min) and various nanoemulsified or pure essential oil concentrations (8.0-62.5 μg mL-1) and numerous nanoemulsion's droplet sizes from 32 to 124 nm, have been investigated in the microfluidic system. Also, the quantitative analysis including optical density, time killing assay, protein, nucleic acid and potassium release were employed to confirm the effects of bacterial inhibition taking advantage of the chip apparatus. It was revealed that the prepared nanoemulsion left a considerable destructive effect on E. coli bacterial membrane, confirmed by fast release of cytoplasmic elements including protein, nucleic acid and potassium. However, this process was remarkably intensified for both nanoemulsion and pure essential oil using the microfluidic chip versus the conventional methods. The results also revealed that after 4 min of bacterium treatment by 12.5 μg mL-1 nanoemulsion with 32 nm mean particle size, the bacterial membrane wall began to degrade rapidly, and bacterial activity was almost completely inhibited in a 20-min period. These findings may have implications in the similarly structured and phospholipid-encapsulated bacteria and viruses, like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab Moradi Alvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Rafati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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A Selection of Platforms to Evaluate Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation in Controlled Hydrodynamic Conditions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091993. [PMID: 34576888 PMCID: PMC8468346 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The early colonization of surfaces and subsequent biofilm development have severe impacts in environmental, industrial, and biomedical settings since they entail high costs and health risks. To develop more effective biofilm control strategies, there is a need to obtain laboratory biofilms that resemble those found in natural or man-made settings. Since microbial adhesion and biofilm formation are strongly affected by hydrodynamics, the knowledge of flow characteristics in different marine, food processing, and medical device locations is essential. Once the hydrodynamic conditions are known, platforms for cell adhesion and biofilm formation should be selected and operated, in order to obtain reproducible biofilms that mimic those found in target scenarios. This review focuses on the most widely used platforms that enable the study of initial microbial adhesion and biofilm formation under controlled hydrodynamic conditions—modified Robbins devices, flow chambers, rotating biofilm devices, microplates, and microfluidic devices—and where numerical simulations have been used to define relevant flow characteristics, namely the shear stress and shear rate.
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Shukla SK, Sharma AK, Gupta V, Kalonia A, Shaw P. Challenges with Wound Infection Models in Drug Development. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1301-1312. [PMID: 32116189 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200302093312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Wound research is an evolving science trying to unfold the complex untold mechanisms behind the wound healing cascade. In particular, interest is growing regarding the role of microorganisms in both acute and chronic wound healing. Microbial burden plays an important role in the persistence of chronic wounds, ultimately resulting in delayed wound healing. It is therefore important for clinicians to understand the evolution of infection science and its various etiologies. Therefore, to understand the role of bacterial biofilm in chronic wound pathogenesis, various in vitro and in vivo models are required to investigate biofilms in wound-like settings. Infection models should be refined comprising an important signet of biofilms. These models are eminent for translational research to obtain data for designing an improved wound care formulation. However, all the existing models possess limitations and do not fit properly in the model frame for developing wound care agents. Among various impediments, one of the major drawbacks of such models is that the wound they possess does not mimic the wound a human develops. Therefore, a novel wound infection model is required which can imitate the human wounds. This review article mainly discusses various in vitro and in vivo models showing microbial colonization, their advantages and challenges. Apart from these models, there are also present ex vivo wound infection models, but this review mainly focused on various in vitro and in vivo models available for studying wound infection in controlled conditions. This information might be useful in designing an ideal wound infection model for developing an effective wound healing formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Ajay K Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Vanya Gupta
- Graphic Era deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Aman Kalonia
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Priyanka Shaw
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
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Blanco-Cabra N, López-Martínez MJ, Arévalo-Jaimes BV, Martin-Gómez MT, Samitier J, Torrents E. A new BiofilmChip device for testing biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:62. [PMID: 34344902 PMCID: PMC8333102 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, three major circumstances threaten the management of bacterial infections: increasing antimicrobial resistance, expansion of chronic biofilm-associated infections, and lack of an appropriate approach to treat them. To date, the development of accelerated drug susceptibility testing of biofilms and of new antibiofouling systems has not been achieved despite the availability of different methodologies. There is a need for easy-to-use methods of testing the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria that form biofilms and for screening new possible antibiofilm strategies. Herein, we present a microfluidic platform with an integrated interdigitated sensor (BiofilmChip). This new device allows an irreversible and homogeneous attachment of bacterial cells of clinical origin, even directly from clinical specimens, and the biofilms grown can be monitored by confocal microscopy or electrical impedance spectroscopy. The device proved to be suitable to study polymicrobial communities, as well as to measure the effect of antimicrobials on biofilms without introducing disturbances due to manipulation, thus better mimicking real-life clinical situations. Our results demonstrate that BiofilmChip is a straightforward tool for antimicrobial biofilm susceptibility testing that could be easily implemented in routine clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José López-Martínez
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Betsy Verónica Arévalo-Jaimes
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Molinaro C, Da Cunha V, Gorlas A, Iv F, Gallais L, Catchpole R, Forterre P, Baffou G. Are bacteria claustrophobic? The problem of micrometric spatial confinement for the culturing of micro-organisms. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12500-12506. [PMID: 35423787 PMCID: PMC8697133 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Culturing cells confined in microscale geometries has been reported in many studies this last decade, in particular following the development of microfluidic-based applications and lab-on-a-chip devices. Such studies usually examine growth of Escherichia coli. In this article, we show that E. coli may be a poor model and that spatial confinement can severely prevent the growth of many micro-organisms. By studying different bacteria and confinement geometries, we determine that the growth inhibition observed for some bacteria results from fast dioxygen depletion, inherent to spatial confinement, and not to any depletion of nutriments. This article unravels the physical origin of confinement problems in cell culture, highlighting the importance of oxygen depletion, and paves the way for the effective culturing of bacteria in confined geometries by demonstrating enhanced cell growth in confined geometries in the proximity of air bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Molinaro
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille Marseille France
| | - Violette Da Cunha
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Aurore Gorlas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - François Iv
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille Marseille France
| | - Laurent Gallais
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille Marseille France
| | - Ryan Catchpole
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille Marseille France
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Antibacterial efficiency assessment of polymer-nanoparticle composites using a high-throughput microfluidic platform. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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