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Vogelaar A, Marcotte S, Cheng J, Oluoch B, Zaro J. Use of Microfluidics to Prepare Lipid-Based Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041053. [PMID: 37111539 PMCID: PMC10144662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are an important tool for the delivery of a diverse set of drug cargoes, including small molecules, oligonucleotides, and proteins and peptides. Despite their development over the past several decades, this technology is still hindered by issues with the manufacturing processes leading to high polydispersity, batch-to-batch and operator-dependent variability, and limits to the production volumes. To overcome these issues, the use of microfluidic techniques in the production of LBNPs has sharply increased over the past two years. Microfluidics overcomes many of the pitfalls seen with conventional production methods, leading to reproducible LBNPs at lower costs and higher yields. In this review, the use of microfluidics in the preparation of various types of LBNPs, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of small molecules, oligonucleotides, and peptide/protein drugs is summarized. Various microfluidic parameters, as well as their effects on the physicochemical properties of LBNPs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vogelaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Samantha Marcotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Benazir Oluoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennica Zaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Gu F, Hu C, Cao W, Li C, Xia Q, Gao Y, Liu Y, Gao S. Tumor Microenvironment Multiple Responsive Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin and CpG Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4401-4417. [PMID: 36164553 PMCID: PMC9508944 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, the main treatment for advanced breast cancer is still chemotherapy. Immunological and chemical combination therapy has a coordinated therapeutic effect and achieves some efficacy. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a major cause for the failure of immunotherapy in breast cancer. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides can activate the tumor immune microenvironment to reverse the failure of immunotherapy. Methods In this study, we designed an amphiphilic peptide micelle system (Co-LMs), which can targeted delivery of the immune adjuvant CpG and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin to breast cancer tumors simultaneously. The peptide micelle system achieved tumor microenvironment pH and redox-sensitive drug release. Results and Discussion Co-LMs showed 2.3 times the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy alone and 5.1 times the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy alone in triple-negative breast cancer mice. Co-LMs activated cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells in mice to a greater extent than single treatments. We also found that Co-LMs inhibited the metastasis of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream to some extent. These results indicate that the Co-LMs offer a promising therapeutic strategy against triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuling Hu
- Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Neurovascular Disease, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingming Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zheng CY, Chu XY, Gao CY, Hu HY, He X, Chen X, Yang K, Zhang DL. TAT&RGD Peptide-Modified Naringin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3269-3286. [PMID: 35924260 PMCID: PMC9342892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s371715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Naringin is a naturally occurring flavanone that promotes osteogenesis. Owing to the high lipophilicity, poor in vivo bioavailability, and extensive metabolic alteration upon administration, the clinical efficacy of naringin is understudied. Additionally, information on the molecular mechanism by which it promotes osteogenesis is limited. Methods In this study, we prepared TAT & RGD peptide-modified naringin-loaded nanoparticles (TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs), evaluated their potency on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and studied its mechanism of action through metabolomic analysis. Results The particle size and zeta potential of TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs were 160.70±2.05 mm and –20.77±0.47mV, respectively. The result of cell uptake assay showed that TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs could effectively enter hDPSCs. TAT-RGD-NAR-NPs had a more significant effect on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation promotion. Furthermore, in metabolomic analysis, naringin particles showed a strong influence on the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway of hDPSCs. Specifically, it upregulated the expression of PLA2G3 and PLA2G1B (two isozymes of phospholipase A2, PLA2), increased the biosynthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Conclusion These results suggested that TAT-RGD-NPs might be used for transporting naringin to hDPSCs for modulating stem cell osteogenic differentiation. The metabolomic analysis was used for the first time to elucidate the mechanism by which naringin promotes hDPSCs osteogenesis by upregulating PLA2G3 and PLA2G1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ying Hu
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dong-Liang Zhang, Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 11 Xilahutong Road, Beijing, 100040, People’s Republic of China, Email
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4
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Bae KH, Chan KH, Kurisawa M. Autoxidation-Resistant, ROS-Scavenging, and Anti-Inflammatory Micellar Nanoparticles Self-Assembled from Poly(acrylic acid)-Green Tea Catechin Conjugates. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:835-840. [PMID: 35713474 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most bioactive catechin in green tea, has drawn significant interest as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound. However, the application of EGCG has been limited by its rapid autoxidation at physiological pH, which generates cytotoxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we report the synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)-EGCG conjugates with tunable degrees of substitution and their spontaneous self-assembly into micellar nanoparticles with enhanced resistance against autoxidation. These nanoparticles not only exhibited superior oxidative stability and cytocompatibility over native EGCG, but also showed excellent ROS-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects. This work presents a potential strategy to overcome the stability and cytotoxicity issues of EGCG, making it one step closer toward its widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Bae
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Motoichi Kurisawa
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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Weaver E, O'Connor E, Cole DK, Hooker A, Uddin S, Lamprou DA. Microfluidic-mediated self-assembly of phospholipids for the delivery of biologic molecules. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121347. [PMID: 34890709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of biologic molecules using a microfluidic platform is a procedure that has been understudied but shows great promise from initial reported studies. The study focusses upon the encapsulation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) under various parameters and using multiple phospholipids to identify optimal conditions for the manufacturing of protein loaded lipid nanoparticles. Additionally, encapsulation of the enzyme trypsin (TRP) has been investigated to show the eligibility of the system to other biological medications. All liposomes were subject to rigorous physicochemical characterisation, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to document the successful synthesis of the liposomes. Drug-loaded liposome stability was investigated over a 28-day period at 5 °C and 37 °C, which showed encouraging results for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at all concentrations of BSA used. The sample containing 1 mg/ml BSA grew by only 10% over the study, which considering liposomes should be affected highly by biologic adsorption, shows great promise for the formulations. Encapsulation and in vitro release studies showed improved loading capacity for BSA compared to conventional methods, whilst maintaining a concise controlled release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edward O'Connor
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - David K Cole
- Immunocore, 92 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Andrew Hooker
- Immunocore, 92 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Immunocore, 92 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Lv S, Jing R, Liu X, Shi H, Shi Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Cao K, Lv Z. One-Step Microfluidic Fabrication of Multi-Responsive Liposomes for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin Synergism with Photothermal Effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7759-7772. [PMID: 34848958 PMCID: PMC8627283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s329621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer of the bladder is one of the most common and life-threatening. Compared with traditional delivery methods, intravesical administration reduces the amount of drugs required, increases the amount of drugs reaching the lesion site, and minimizes systemic exposure to therapeutic agents. To overcome the limitations of urinary voiding, low urothelium permeability, and intermittent catheterization for large dilution and irrigation of drugs in the bladder, magnetic and photothermal-responsive folate receptor-targeted thermal liposomes (FA-TMLs) were designed for the targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to bladder cancer cells. Methods Through a microfluidic mixer chip, the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), gold nanorods (GNRs) and DOX were encapsulated in folate-modified thermosensitive liposomes to form FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX. DLS, TEM, DSC, and magnetic hysteresis loop were used to characterize the construction of FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX. Results FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX had a size of about 230 nm and exhibited superparamagnetic properties with the saturation magnetization of 20 emu/g. The DOX loading capacity was as high as 0.57 mg/mL. Additionally, drug release of the FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX could be controlled by temperature change through the photothermal effect. A 980 nm laser beam was selectively irradiated on the FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX to trigger the structural changes of the FA-TMLs, and an average of 95% of the drug was released after 3 hours. The results of cell uptake experiments reveal indicated that FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX were able to specifically bind folate-receptor-positive cells and exhibited toxicity to bladder tumor cells. Conclusion The present results suggest FA-TMLs@MNPs-GNRs-DOX have a promising multifunctional response and can act as an ideal multifunctional drug delivery system (DDS) for the treatment of bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jing
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou NO. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Liu
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang Wang
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lv
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
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Toprakcioglu Z, Knowles TPJ. Sequential storage and release of microdroplets. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34631144 PMCID: PMC8481565 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic methods have opened up the possibility of studying a plethora of phenomena ranging from biological to physical or chemical processes at ultra low volumes and high throughput. A key component of such approaches is the ability to trap droplets for observation, and many device architectures for achieving this objective have been developed. A challenge with such approaches is, however, recovering the droplets following their confinement for applications involving further analysis. Here, we present a device capable of generating, confining and releasing microdroplets in a sequential manner. Through a combination of experimental and computational simulations, we shed light on the key features required for successful droplet storage and retrieval. Moreover, we explore the effect of the flow rate of the continuous phase on droplet release, determining that a critical rate is needed to ensure complete droplet deformation through constrictions holding the droplets in place prior to release. Finally, we find that once released, droplets can be retrieved and collected off chip. The ability to generate, store and sequentially release droplets renders such a device particularly promising for future applications where reactions may not only be monitored on-chip, but droplets can also be retrieved for further analysis, facilitating new exploratory avenues in the fields of analytical chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
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Liu J, Peng F, Kang Y, Gong D, Fan J, Zhang W, Qiu F. High-Loading Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoparticles as a Lipid-Free Carrier for Hydrophobic General Anesthetics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5317-5331. [PMID: 34408412 PMCID: PMC8364852 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Typical hydrophobic amino acids (HAAs) are important motifs for self-assembling peptides (SAPs), but they lead to low water-solubility or compact packing of peptides, limiting their capacity for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs. As an alternative, we designed a peptide GQY based on atypical HAAs, which could encapsulate hydrophobic drugs more efficiently. Although hydrophobic general anesthetics (GAs) have been formulated as lipid emulsions, their lipid-free formulations have been pursued because of some side effects inherent to lipids. Using GAs as targets, potential application of GQY as a carrier for hydrophobic drugs was evaluated. Methods Thioflavin-T (ThT) binding test, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the self-assembling ability of GQY. Pyrene and 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) were used to confirm formation of hydrophobic domain in GQY nanoparticles. Using pyrene as a model, GQY’s capacity to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs was evaluated. GAs including propofol, etomidate and ET26 were encapsulated by GQY. Loss of righting reflex (LORR) test was conducted to assess the anesthetic efficacy of these lipid-free formulations. Paw-licking test was used to evaluate pain-on-injection of propofol-GQY (PROP-GQY) formulation. Hemolytic and cytotoxicity assay were used to evaluate biocompatibility of GQY. Results Stable nanoparticles containing plenty of hydrophobic cavities could be formed by GQY, which could encapsulate hydrophobic drugs at very high concentration and form stable suspensions. Propofol, etomidate and ET26 formulated by GQY showed anesthetic efficacy comparable to their currently available formulations. Unlike clinic lipid emulsion, PROP-GQY formulation did not cause pain-on-injection in rats. Neither obvious cytotoxicity nor hemolytic activity of GQY was observed. Conclusion GQY could encapsulate GAs to obtain stable and effective formulations. As a lipid-free carrier, GQY exhibited considerable biocompatibility and other side benefits such as reducing pain-on-injection. More SAPs based on atypical HAAs could be designed as promising carriers for hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Peng
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Deying Gong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Jahagirdar D, Bangde P, Jain R, Dandekar P. Degenerative disease-on-a-chip: Developing microfluidic models for rapid availability of newer therapies. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100154. [PMID: 34390543 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathophysiology of degenerative diseases pertaining to nervous system, ocular region, bone/cartilage and muscle are still being comprehended, thus delaying the availability of targeted therapies. PURPOSE AND SCOPE Newer micro-physiological systems (organ-on-chip technology) involves development of more sophisticated devices, modelling a range of in vitro human tissues and an array of models for diseased conditions. These models expand opportunities for high throughput screening (HTS) of drugs and are likely to be rapid and cost-effective, thus reducing extensive usage of animal models. CONCLUSION Through this review article, we aim to present an overview of the degenerative disease models that are presently being developed using microfluidic platforms with the aim of mimicking in vivo tissue physiology and micro-architecture. The manuscript provides an overview of the degenerative disease models and their potential for testing and screening of possible biotherapeutic molecules and drugs. It highlights the perspective of the regulatory bodies with respect to the established-on chip models and thereby enhancing its translational potential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashree Jahagirdar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prachi Bangde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
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10
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Khoeini D, Scott TF, Neild A. Microfluidic enhancement of self-assembly systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1661-1675. [PMID: 33949588 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic, kinetically-controlled, self-assembly processes are commonly observed in nature and are capable of creating intricate, functional architectures from simple precursors. However, notably, much of the research into molecular self-assembly has been performed using conventional bulk techniques where the resultant species are dictated by thermodynamic stability to yield relatively simple assemblies. Whereas, the environmental control offered by microfluidic systems offers methods to achieve non-equilibrium reaction conditions capable of increasingly sophisticated self-assembled structures. Alterations to the immediate microenvironment during the assembly of the molecules is possible, providing the basis for kinetically-controlled assembly. This review examines the key mechanism offered by microfluidic systems and the architectures required to access them. The mechanisms include diffusion-led mixing, shear gradient alignment, spatial and temporal confinement, and structural templates in multiphase systems. The works are selected and categorised in terms of the microfluidic approaches taken rather than the chemical constructs which are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Khoeini
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Timothy F Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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11
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The Present and Future Role of Microfluidics for Protein and Peptide-Based Therapeutics and Diagnostics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of peptide-based molecules within the medical field has vast potential, owing to their unique nature and predictable physicochemical profiles. However, peptide therapeutic usage is hindered by delivery-related challenges, meaning that their formulations must be altered to overcome these limitations. This process could be propelled by applying microfluidics (MFs) due to its highly controllable and adaptable attributes; however, therapeutic research within this field is extremely limited. Peptides possess multifunctional roles within therapeutic formulations, ranging from enhancing target specificity to acting as the active component of the medicine. Diagnostically, MFs are well explored in the field of peptides, as MFs provide an unsullied platform to provide fast yet accurate examinations. The capacity to add attributes, such as integrated sensors and microwells, to the MF chip, only enhances the attractiveness of MFs as a diagnostic platform. The structural individuality of peptides makes them prime candidates for diagnostic purposes, for example, antigen detection and isolation. Therefore, this review provides a useful insight into the current applications of MFs for peptide-based therapy and diagnostics and highlights potential gaps in the field that are yet to be explored or optimized.
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Peptide-Based Nanomaterials for Tumor Immunotherapy. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010132. [PMID: 33396754 PMCID: PMC7796410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing understanding of tumor immune circulation mechanisms, tumor immunotherapy including immune checkpoint blockade has become a research hotspot, which requires the development of more accurate and more efficient drugs with fewer side effects. In line with this requirement, peptides with good biocompatibility, targeting, and specificity become favorable theranostic reagents, and a series of promising candidates for tumor immunotherapy based on peptides have been developed. Additionally, the advantages of nanomaterials as drug carriers such as higher affinity have been demonstrated, providing possibilities of combination therapy. In this review, we summarize the development of peptide-based nanomaterials in tumor immunotherapy from the two aspects of functionalization and self-assembly. Furthermore, new methods for peptide screening, especially machine-learning-related strategies, is also a topic we were interested in, as this forms the basis for the construction of peptide-based platforms. Peptides provide broad prospects for tumor immunotherapy and we hope that this summary can provide insight into possible avenues for future exploration.
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Chan KH, Lim J, Jee JE, Aw JH, Lee SS. Peptide-Peptide Co-Assembly: A Design Strategy for Functional Detection of C-peptide, A Biomarker of Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249671. [PMID: 33352955 PMCID: PMC7766332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-related neuropathy is a debilitating condition that may be averted if it can be detected early. One possible way this can be achieved at low cost is to utilise peptides to detect C-peptide, a biomarker of diabetic neuropathy. This depends on peptide-peptide co-assembly, which is currently in a nascent stage of intense study. Instead, we propose a bead-based triple-overlay combinatorial strategy that can preserve inter-residue information during the screening process for a suitable complementary peptide to co-assemble with C-peptide. The screening process commenced with a pentapeptide general library, which revealed histidine to be an essential residue. Further screening with seven tetrapeptide focused libraries led to a table of self-consistent peptide sequences that included tryptophan and lysine at high frequencies. Three complementary nonapeptides (9mer com-peptides), wpkkhfwgq (Trp-D), kwkkhfwgq (Lys-D), and KWKKHFWGQ (Lys-L) (as a negative control) were picked from this table for co-assembly studies with C-peptide. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies were utilized to study inter-peptide interactions and changes in secondary structures respectively. ATR-FTIR studies showed that there is indeed inter-peptide interaction between C-peptide and the tryptophan residues of the 9mer com-peptides. CD studies of unaggregated and colloidal C-peptide with the 9mer com-peptides suggest that the extent of co-assembly of C-peptide with Trp-D is greatest, followed by Lys-D and Lys-L. These results are promising and indicate that the presented strategy is viable for designing and evaluating longer complementary peptides, as well as complementary peptides for co-assembly with other polypeptides of interest and importance. We discuss the possibility of designing complementary peptides to inhibit toxic amyloidosis with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (K.H.C.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Jaehong Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (J.L.); (J.E.J.)
| | - Joo Eun Jee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (J.L.); (J.E.J.)
| | - Jia Hui Aw
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore;
| | - Su Seong Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (J.L.); (J.E.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.C.); (S.S.L.)
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Wang Y, Yao J, Cai L, Liu T, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Li T, Liu M, Lai R, Liu X. Bone-Targeted Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoporosis Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7967-7977. [PMID: 33116512 PMCID: PMC7573321 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s263756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current drugs used for osteoporosis therapy show strong adverse effects. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide another choice for osteoporosis therapy. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs)-derived EVs promote bone regeneration; however, their clinical application is limited due to non-specific tissue targeting. Alendronate specifically targets bone tissue via hydroxyapatite. Therefore, EVs were combined with alendronate to generate Ale-EVs by “click chemistry” to facilitate EVs targeting bone via alendronate/hydroxyapatite binding. Methods Ale-EVs were characterized based on size using dynamic light scattering analysis and morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Hydroxyapatite affinity of Ale-EVs was detected by flow cytometry. Bone targeting of Ale-EVs was tested by ex vivo fluorescent imaging. Cell viability was assessed by using WST-8 reduction assay kit for testing the ability of Ale-EVs to promote mMSCs proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase experiment was used to detect ability of Ale-EVs to promote differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Western blotting and Q-PCR assay were used to detect the early marker of osteogenic differentiation. Antiosteoporotic effects of Ale-EVs were detected in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis rat model. The safety of the Ale-EVs in vivo was measured by H&E staining and serum markers assay. Results In vitro, Ale-EVs had high affinity with hydroxyapatite. Also, ex vivo data indicated that Ale-EVs-DiD treatment of mice induced strong fluorescece in bone tissues compared with EVs-DiD group. Furthermore, results suggested that Ale-EVs promoted the growth and differentiation of mouse MSCs. They also protected against osteoporosis in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rats. Ale-EVs were well tolerated and no side effects were found, indicating that Ale-EVs specifically target bone and can be used as a new therapeutic in osteoporosis treatment. Conclusion We used the Ale-N3 to modify mouse mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles by copper-free “click chemistry” to generate a Ale-EVs system. The Ale-EVs had a high affinity for bone and have great potential for clinical applications in osteoporosis therapy with low systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhao Cai
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Zhou
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei Li
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyi Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfa Lai
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
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Ni M, Tresset G, Iliescu C, Hauser CAE. Ultrashort Peptide Theranostic Nanoparticles by Microfluidic-Assisted Rapid Solvent Exchange. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 19:627-632. [PMID: 32746332 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2020.3007103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ultrashort peptides (USPs), composed of three to seven amino acids, can self-assemble into nanofibers in pure water. Here, using hydrodynamic focusing and a solvent exchange method on a microfluidic setup, we convert these nanofibers into globular nanoparticles with excellent dimensional control and polydispersity. Thanks to USP nanocarriers' structure, different drugs can be loaded. We used Curcumin as a model drug to evaluate the performance of USP nanocarriers as a novel drug delivery vehicle. These nanoparticles can efficiently cross the cell membrane and possess nonlinear optical properties. Therefore, we envisage USP nanoparticles as promising future theranostic nanocarriers.
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