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Nam Y, Kim KB, Kim SH, Park KH, Lee MI, Cho JW, Lim J, Hwang IS, Kang YC, Hwang JH. Synergistic Integration of Machine Learning with Microstructure/Composition-Designed SnO 2 and WO 3 Breath Sensors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:182-194. [PMID: 38207118 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A high-performance semiconductor metal oxide gas sensing strategy is proposed for efficient sensor-based disease prediction by integrating a machine learning methodology with complementary sensor arrays composed of SnO2- and WO3-based sensors. The six sensors, including SnO2- and WO3-based sensors and neural network algorithms, were used to measure gas mixtures. The six constituent sensors were subjected to acetone and hydrogen environments to monitor the effect of diet and/or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) under the interference of ethanol. The SnO2- and WO3-based sensors suffer from poor discrimination ability if sensors (a single sensor or multiple sensors) within the same group (SnO2- or WO3-based) are separately applied, even when deep learning is applied to enhance the sensing operation. However, hybrid integration is proven to be effective in discerning acetone from hydrogen even in a two-sensor configuration through the synergistic contribution of supervised learning, i.e., neural network approaches involving deep neural networks (DNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). DNN-based numeric data and CNN-based image data can be exploited for discriminating acetone and hydrogen, with the aim of predicting the status of an exercise-driven diet and IBS. The ramifications of the proposed hybrid sensor combinations and machine learning for the high-performance breath sensor domain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonmi Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
| | - Ki-Beom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Park
- Smart City Program, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Ill Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
| | - Jongtae Lim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
| | | | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
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Wei J, Zhao M, Wang C, Wang J, Ye JM, Wei YC, Li ZY, Zhao R, Liu GZ, Geng YH, Wang R, Xiao HD, Li Y, Li CY, Gao ZQ, Gao J. Vacuum Based Gas Sensing Material Characterization System for Precise and Simultaneous Measurement of Optical and Electrical Responses. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031014. [PMID: 35161761 PMCID: PMC8839427 DOI: 10.3390/s22031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensing performance characterization systems are essential for the research and development of gas sensing materials and devices. Although existing systems are almost completely automatically operated, the accuracies of gas concentration control and of pressure control and the ability to simultaneously detect different sensor signals still require improvement. In this study, a high-precision gas sensing material characterization system is developed based on vacuum technology, with the objective of enabling the precise and simultaneous measurement of electrical responses. Because of the implementation of vacuum technology, the gas concentration control accuracy is improved more than 1600 times, whereas the pressure of the test ambient condition can be precisely adjusted between vacuum and 1.2 bar. The vacuum-assisted gas-exchanging mechanism also enables the sensor response time to be determined more accurately. The system is capable of performing sensitivity, selectivity, and stability tests and can control the ambient relative humidity in a precise manner. More importantly, the levels of performance of three different optical signal measurement set-ups were investigated and compared in terms of detection range, linearity, noise, and response time, based on which of their scopes of application were proposed. Finally, single-period and cyclical tests were performed to examine the ability of the system to detect optical and electrical responses simultaneously, both at a single wavelength and in a spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Meng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jian-Min Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
| | - Zhe-Yi Li
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
| | - Run Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Guo-Zhen Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yan-Hong Geng
- Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou 215009, China; (Y.-H.G.); (R.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou 215009, China; (Y.-H.G.); (R.W.)
| | - Hui-Dong Xiao
- Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China;
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chao-Ya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (J.-M.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.-C.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Z.-Q.G.)
| | - Ju Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (J.W.); (R.Z.); (G.-Z.L.); (J.G.)
- School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
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Kim S, Brady J, Al-Badani F, Yu S, Hart J, Jung S, Tran TT, Myung NV. Nanoengineering Approaches Toward Artificial Nose. Front Chem 2021; 9:629329. [PMID: 33681147 PMCID: PMC7935515 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant scientific efforts have been made to mimic and potentially supersede the mammalian nose using artificial noses based on arrays of individual cross-sensitive gas sensors over the past couple decades. To this end, thousands of research articles have been published regarding the design of gas sensor arrays to function as artificial noses. Nanoengineered materials possessing high surface area for enhanced reaction kinetics and uniquely tunable optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties have been extensively used as gas sensing materials in single gas sensors and sensor arrays. Therefore, nanoengineered materials address some of the shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity inherent in microscale and macroscale materials for chemical sensors. In this article, the fundamental gas sensing mechanisms are briefly reviewed for each material class and sensing modality (electrical, optical, optoelectronic), followed by a survey and review of the various strategies for engineering or functionalizing these nanomaterials to improve their gas sensing selectivity, sensitivity and other measures of gas sensing performance. Specifically, one major focus of this review is on nanoscale materials and nanoengineering approaches for semiconducting metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, carbonaceous nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and others as used in single gas sensors or sensor arrays for electrical sensing modality. Additionally, this review discusses the various nano-enabled techniques and materials of optical gas detection modality, including photonic crystals, surface plasmonic sensing, and nanoscale waveguides. Strategies for improving or tuning the sensitivity and selectivity of materials toward different gases are given priority due to the importance of having cross-sensitivity and selectivity toward various analytes in designing an effective artificial nose. Furthermore, optoelectrical sensing, which has to date not served as a common sensing modality, is also reviewed to highlight potential research directions. We close with some perspective on the future development of artificial noses which utilize optical and electrical sensing modalities, with additional focus on the less researched optoelectronic sensing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Brady
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Faraj Al-Badani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sooyoun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Hart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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