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Zhang G, He L, Qi X, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Liu M, Ding Z, Wang Z, Prakash S. Decreased formulation pH and protein preheating treatment enhance the interaction, storage stability, and bioaccessibility of caseinate-bound lutein/zeaxanthin. Food Res Int 2024; 195:114971. [PMID: 39277268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Heat treatment and pH are crucial factors in the formulation and processing of food and beverages; thus, a thorough understanding of the impact of these factors on the interactions between bioactive constituents and proteins is essential to developing effective protein-based delivery systems. This study explores the influences of pH (ranged from 1.5 to 7.5) and preheating treatment on the characteristics of caseinates-lutein (LU)/zeaxanthin (ZX) complexes and evaluates the potential application of caseinates as protective carriers in xanthophyll-fortified beverages. The properties and interactions of caseinates and two xanthophylls were systematically investigated utilizing a range of spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Caseinates were bound to LU/ZX with a binding constant of the order 105 M-1. Furthermore, ZX exhibited a higher affinity for caseinates than LU. In particular, the decreased pH level of complex formulation and the preheating of caseinates at 85 °C strengthened the binding affinity between LU/ZX and caseinates. The caseinate-LU/ZX complexes effectively improved the chemical stability of LU/ZX and achieved a bioaccessibility rate of over 70 %. This study provides a guide for developing commercially available xanthophyll-fortified beverages and further expanding the application of caseinates as encapsulation carriers for extremely hydrophobic nutrients in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Linlin He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Liaocheng High-Tech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Shandong Liang-Jian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Shandong Liang-Jian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Leverant A, Oprysk L, Dabrowski A, Kyker-Snowman K, Vazquez M. Three-Dimensionally Printed Microsystems to Facilitate Flow-Based Study of Cells from Neurovascular Barriers of the Retina. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1103. [PMID: 39337763 PMCID: PMC11434203 DOI: 10.3390/mi15091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping has produced accessible manufacturing methods that offer faster and more cost-effective ways to develop microscale systems for cellular testing. Commercial 3D printers are now increasingly adapted for soft lithography, where elastomers are used in tandem with 3D-printed substrates to produce in vitro cell assays. Newfound abilities to prototype cellular systems have begun to expand fundamental bioengineering research in the visual system to complement tissue engineering studies reliant upon complex microtechnology. This project used 3D printing to develop elastomeric devices that examined the responses of retinal cells to flow. Our experiments fabricated molds for elastomers using metal milling, resin stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling via plastic 3D printing. The systems were connected to flow pumps to simulate different flow conditions and examined phenotypic responses of endothelial and neural cells significant to neurovascular barriers of the retina. The results indicated that microdevices produced using 3D-printed methods demonstrated differences in cell survival and morphology in response to external flow that are significant to barrier tissue function. Modern 3D printing technology shows great potential for the rapid production and testing of retinal cell responses that will contribute to both our understanding of fundamental cell response and the development of new therapies. Future studies will incorporate varied flow stimuli as well as different extracellular matrices and expanded subsets of retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (L.O.)
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Peña JS, Vazquez M. Harnessing the Neuroprotective Behaviors of Müller Glia for Retinal Repair. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2022; 27:169. [PMID: 35748245 PMCID: PMC9639582 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2706169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive and irreversible vision loss in mature and aging adults creates a health and economic burden, worldwide. Despite the advancements of many contemporary therapies to restore vision, few approaches have considered the innate benefits of gliosis, the endogenous processes of retinal repair that precede vision loss. Retinal gliosis is fundamentally driven by Müller glia (MG) and is characterized by three primary cellular mechanisms: hypertrophy, proliferation, and migration. In early stages of gliosis, these processes have neuroprotective potential to halt the progression of disease and encourage synaptic activity among neurons. Later stages, however, can lead to glial scarring, which is a hallmark of disease progression and blindness. As a result, the neuroprotective abilities of MG have remained incompletely explored and poorly integrated into current treatment regimens. Bioengineering studies of the intrinsic behaviors of MG hold promise to exploit glial reparative ability, while repressing neuro-disruptive MG responses. In particular, recent in vitro systems have become primary models to analyze individual gliotic processes and provide a stepping stone for in vivo strategies. This review highlights recent studies of MG gliosis seeking to harness MG neuroprotective ability for regeneration using contemporary biotechnologies. We emphasize the importance of studying gliosis as a reparative mechanism, rather than disregarding it as an unfortunate clinical prognosis in diseased retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Peña
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Piscataway (08854), New Jersey, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Piscataway (08854), New Jersey, USA
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Mut SR, Mishra S, Vazquez M. A Microfluidic Eye Facsimile System to Examine the Migration of Stem-like Cells. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030406. [PMID: 35334698 PMCID: PMC8954941 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Millions of adults are affected by progressive vision loss worldwide. The rising incidence of retinal diseases can be attributed to damage or degeneration of neurons that convert light into electrical signals for vision. Contemporary cell replacement therapies have transplanted stem and progenitor-like cells (SCs) into adult retinal tissue to replace damaged neurons and restore the visual neural network. However, the inability of SCs to migrate to targeted areas remains a fundamental challenge. Current bioengineering projects aim to integrate microfluidic technologies with organotypic cultures to examine SC behaviors within biomimetic environments. The application of neural phantoms, or eye facsimiles, in such systems will greatly aid the study of SC migratory behaviors in 3D. This project developed a bioengineering system, called the μ-Eye, to stimulate and examine the migration of retinal SCs within eye facsimiles using external chemical and electrical stimuli. Results illustrate that the imposed fields stimulated large, directional SC migration into eye facsimiles, and that electro-chemotactic stimuli produced significantly larger increases in cell migration than the individual stimuli combined. These findings highlight the significance of microfluidic systems in the development of approaches that apply external fields for neural repair and promote migration-targeted strategies for retinal cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ryan Mut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Shawn Mishra
- Regeneron, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA;
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Peña JS, Vazquez M. Microfluidic systems to examine Müller glia responses to anti-VEGF treatments. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:3189-3191. [PMID: 34127840 PMCID: PMC8602257 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Peña
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Markey M, Vazquez M. Targeting collective behaviors of transplanted retinal cells as a strategy to improve cellular integration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1271-1272. [PMID: 34782569 PMCID: PMC8643041 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miles Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Mut SR, Vazquez M. Commentary: Organ Cultures for Retinal Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:714094. [PMID: 34366783 PMCID: PMC8342916 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.714094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Mut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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