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Corsaro C, Orlando G, Costa G, Latino M, Barreca F, Mezzasalma AM, Neri F, Fazio E. Wetting Behavior Driven by Surface Morphology Changes Induced by Picosecond Laser Texturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1719. [PMID: 38673077 PMCID: PMC11051418 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The laser surface texturing (LST) technique has recently been used to enhance adhesion bond strength in various coating applications and to create structures with controlled hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces. The texturing processing parameters can be adjusted to tune the surface's polarity, thereby controlling the ratio between the polar and dispersed components of the surface free energy and determining its hydrophobic character. The aim of this work is to systematically select appropriate laser and scan head parameters for high-quality surface topography of metal-based materials. A correlation between texturing parameters and wetting properties was made in view of several technological applications, i.e., for the proper growth of conformal layers onto laser-textured metal surfaces. Surface analyses, carried out by scanning electron microscopy and profilometry, reveal the presence of periodic microchannels decorated with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) in the direction parallel to the microchannels. The water contact angle varies widely from about 20° to 100°, depending on the treated material (titanium, nickel, etc.). Nowadays, reducing the wettability transition time from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, while also changing environmental conditions, remains a challenge. Therefore, the characteristics of environmental dust and its influence on the properties of the picosecond laser-textured surface (e.g., chemical bonding of samples) have been studied while monitoring ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Gabriele Orlando
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Gabriele Costa
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Mariangela Latino
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
- CNR-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Barreca
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
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Cunha Â, Bartolomeu F, Silva F, Trindade B, Carvalho Ó. Influence of Laser Parameters on the Texturing of 420 Stainless Steel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8979. [PMID: 36556783 PMCID: PMC9783474 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the mould industry due to its high tensile strength, hardness, and corrosion properties. Another requirement concerning any material used for this type of application is high thermal conductivity to minimise the time between consecutive injection cycles. The surfaces of some parts of the mould may be textured and reinforced with a material with higher thermal conductivity to achieve this aim. The results of a detailed study on the texturing of annealed 420 stainless steel using a Nd:YVO4 fibre laser are presented in this work. The influence of the laser's processing parameters (laser power, scanning speed, number of passes, and line spacing) on the dimensions of the track, microstructure, and hardness of the modified surfaces was studied. Based on the continuity and dimensions of the machined grooves, several promising textures could be produced with laser power values from 5 to 30 W, scanning speeds of 500 to 2000 mm/s, 8 passes or more, and line spacings of 40 and 50 µm. High laser powers were responsible for the dissolution of chromium carbides in the laser tracks, the incorporation of chromium in austenite, and the consequent hardening of the microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Cunha
- CMEMS—Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Flávio Bartolomeu
- CMEMS—Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- CMEMS—Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Trindade
- CEMMPRE—Center for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- CMEMS—Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Sheheryar M, Khan MA, Jaffery SHI, Alruqi M, Khan R, Bashir MN, Petru J. Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters during Micro-Milling of Nickel-Based Alloy Inconel 718 Using Taguchi-Grey Relation Integrated Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8296. [PMID: 36499794 PMCID: PMC9736743 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the machinability of Inconel 718 under conventional machining speeds using three different tool coatings in comparison with uncoated tool during milling operation. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were selected as variable machining parameters to analyze output responses including surface roughness, burr formation and tool wear. It was found that uncoated and AlTiN coated tools resulted in lower tool wear than nACo and TiSiN coated tools. On the other hand, TiSiN coated tools resulted in highest surface roughness and burr formation. Among the three machining parameters, feed was identified as the most influential parameter affecting burr formation. Grey relational analysis identified the most optimal experimental run with a speed of 14 m/min, feed of 1 μm/tooth, and depth of cut of 70 μm using an AlTiN coated tool. ANOVA of the regression model identified the tool coating parameter as most effective, with a contribution ratio of 41.64%, whereas cutting speed and depth of cut were found to have contribution ratios of 18.82% and 8.10%, respectively. Experimental run at response surface optimized conditions resulted in reduced surface roughness and tool wear by 18% and 20%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sheheryar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Husain Imran Jaffery
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Alruqi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - M. Nasir Bashir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (CEME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jana Petru
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Xie X, Li Y, Wang G, Bai Z, Yu Y, Wang Y, Ding Y, Lu Z. Femtosecond Laser Processing Technology for Anti-Reflection Surfaces of Hard Materials. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071084. [PMID: 35888901 PMCID: PMC9322106 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The anti-reflection properties of hard material surfaces are of great significance in the fields of infrared imaging, optoelectronic devices, and aerospace. Femtosecond laser processing has drawn a lot of attentions in the field of optics as an innovative, efficient, and green micro-nano processing method. The anti-reflection surface prepared on hard materials by femtosecond laser processing technology has good anti-reflection properties under a broad spectrum with all angles, effectively suppresses reflection, and improves light transmittance/absorption. In this review, the recent advances on femtosecond laser processing of anti-reflection surfaces on hard materials are summarized. The principle of anti-reflection structure and the selection of anti-reflection materials in different applications are elaborated upon. Finally, the limitations and challenges of the current anti-reflection surface are discussed, and the future development trend of the anti-reflection surface are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xie
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300401, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental (Electronic and Communication Engineering) Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Gong Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300401, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental (Electronic and Communication Engineering) Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhenxu Bai
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300401, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental (Electronic and Communication Engineering) Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300401, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental (Electronic and Communication Engineering) Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300401, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental (Electronic and Communication Engineering) Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin 300308, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (X.X.); (Z.B.); (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300401, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental (Electronic and Communication Engineering) Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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