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Tajitsu Y, Shimda S, Nonomura T, Yanagimoto H, Nakamura S, Ueshima R, Kawanobe M, Nakiri T, Takarada J, Takeuchi O, Nisho R, Takeshita K, Takahashi M, Sugiyama K. Application of Braided Piezoelectric Poly-l-Lactic Acid Cord Sensor to Sleep Bruxism Detection System with Less Physical or Mental Stress. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:86. [PMID: 38258205 PMCID: PMC10819301 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
For many years, we have been developing flexible sensors made of braided piezoelectric poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) fibers that can be tied and untied for practical applications in society. To ensure good quality of sleep, the occurrence of bruxism has been attracting attention in recent years. Currently, there is a need for a system that can easily and accurately measure the frequency of bruxism at home. Therefore, taking advantage of the braided piezoelectric PLLA cord sensor's unique characteristic of being sewable, we aimed to provide a system that can measure the frequency of bruxism using the braided piezoelectric PLLA cord sensor simply sewn onto a bed sheet on which the subject lies down. After many tests using trial and error, the sheet sensor was completed with zigzag stitching. Twenty subjects slept overnight in a hospital room on sheets integrated with a braided piezoelectric PLLA cord. Polysomnography (PSG) was simultaneously performed on these subjects. The results showed that their bruxism could be detected with an accuracy of more than 95% compared with PSG measurements, which can only be performed in a hospital by a physician and are more burdensome for the subjects, with the subjects simply lying on the bed sheet with a braided piezoelectric PLLA cord sensor sewn into it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tajitsu
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Saki Shimda
- Nishikawa Co., Ltd., Chuo, Tokyo 103-0006, Japan; (S.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Takuto Nonomura
- Nishikawa Co., Ltd., Chuo, Tokyo 103-0006, Japan; (S.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Hiroki Yanagimoto
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Shun Nakamura
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Ryoma Ueshima
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Miyu Kawanobe
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Takuo Nakiri
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Jun Takarada
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.U.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Faculty of Foreign Language Studies, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan;
| | - Rei Nisho
- Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd., Kita, Osaka 530-8605, Japan; (R.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Koji Takeshita
- Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd., Kita, Osaka 530-8605, Japan; (R.N.); (K.T.)
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Tajitsu Y, Takarada J, Hikichi T, Sugii R, Takatani K, Yanagimoto H, Nakanishi R, Shiomi S, Kitamoto D, Nakiri T, Takeuchi O, Deguchi M, Muto T, Kuroki K, Amano W, Misumi A, Takahashi M, Sugiyama K, Tanabe A, Kamohara S, Nisho R, Takeshita K. Application of Piezoelectric PLLA Braided Cord as Wearable Sensor to Realize Monitoring System for Indoor Dogs with Less Physical or Mental Stress. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:143. [PMID: 36677204 PMCID: PMC9865504 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to realize a prototype system that monitors the living condition of indoor dogs without physical or mental burden by using a piezoelectric poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) braided cord as a wearable sensor. First, to achieve flexibility and durability of the piezoelectric PLLA braided cord used as a sensor for indoor dogs, the process of manufacturing the piezoelectric PLLA fiber for the piezoelectric braided cord was studied in detail and improved to achieve the required performance. Piezoelectric PLLA braided cords were fabricated from the developed PLLA fibers, and the finite element method was used to realize an e-textile that can effectively function as a monitoring sensor. As a result, we realized an e-textile that feels similar to a high-grade textile and senses the complex movements of indoor dogs without the use of a complex computer system. Finally, a prototype system was constructed and applied to an actual indoor dog to demonstrate the usefulness of the e-textile as a sensor for indoor dog monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tajitsu
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Jun Takarada
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Tokiya Hikichi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Ryoji Sugii
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Kohei Takatani
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yanagimoto
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Riku Nakanishi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Seita Shiomi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Daiki Kitamoto
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Takuo Nakiri
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 5640-8680, Japan
| | - Miki Deguchi
- Tokyo IoT Technology Department, 5G & IoT Engineering Division, Softbank Co., Kaigan, Tokyo 105-7529, Japan
| | - Takanori Muto
- Tokyo IoT Technology Department, 5G & IoT Engineering Division, Softbank Co., Kaigan, Tokyo 105-7529, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kuroki
- Tokyo IoT Technology Department, 5G & IoT Engineering Division, Softbank Co., Kaigan, Tokyo 105-7529, Japan
| | - Wataru Amano
- Tokyo IoT Technology Department, 5G & IoT Engineering Division, Softbank Co., Kaigan, Tokyo 105-7529, Japan
| | - Ayaka Misumi
- Tokyo IoT Technology Department, 5G & IoT Engineering Division, Softbank Co., Kaigan, Tokyo 105-7529, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Tanabe
- Renesas Electronics Co., Ltd., Toyosu, Tokyo 135-0061, Japan
| | - Shiro Kamohara
- Renesas Electronics Co., Ltd., Toyosu, Tokyo 135-0061, Japan
| | - Rei Nisho
- Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd., Kita, Osaka 530-8605, Japan
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Application of High-Photoelasticity Polyurethane to Tactile Sensor for Robot Hands. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235057. [PMID: 36501451 PMCID: PMC9738735 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a tactile sensor for robot hands that can measure normal force (FZ) and tangential forces (FX and FY) using photoelasticity. This tactile sensor has three photodiodes and three light-emitting diode (LED) white light sources. The sensor is composed of multiple elastic materials, including a highly photoelastic polyurethane sheet, and the sensor can detect both normal and tangential forces through the deformation, ben sding, twisting, and extension of the elastic materials. The force detection utilizes the light scattering resulting from birefringence.
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Assessment Parameters for Arrayed Pulse Wave Analysis and Application in Hypertensive Disorders. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6652028. [PMID: 35222674 PMCID: PMC8872656 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6652028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Study on the objectivity of pulse diagnosis is inseparable from the instruments to obtain the pulse waves. The single-pulse diagnostic instrument is relatively mature in acquiring and analysing pulse waves, but the pulse information captured by single-pulse diagnostic instrument is limited. The sensor arrays can simulate rich sense of the doctor's fingers and catch multipoint and multiparameter array signals. How to analyse the acquired array signals is still a major problem in the objective research of pulse diagnosis. The goal of this study was to establish methods for analysing arrayed pulse waves and preliminarily apply them in hypertensive disorders. While a sensor array can be used for the real-time monitoring of twelve pulse wave channels, for each subject in this study, only the pulse wave signals of the left hand at the “guan” location were obtained. We calculated the average pulse wave (APW) per channel over a thirty-second interval. The most representative pulse wave (MRPW) and the APW were matched by their correlation coefficient (CC). The features of the MRPW and the features that corresponded to the array pulse volume (APV) parameters were identified manually. Finally, a clinical trial was conducted to detect these feature performance indicators in patients with hypertensive disorders. The independent-samples t-tests and the Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed to assess the differences in these pulse parameters between the healthy and hypertensive groups. We found that the radial passage (RP) APVh1, APVh3, APVh4, APVh3/h1 (P < 0.01), and APVh4/h1 (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the healthy group; the intermediate passage (IP) APVh4, APVh3/h1 (P < 0.05), and APVh4/h1 (P < 0.01) and the mean APVh3, APVh3/h1 (P < 0.05), and APVh4/h1 (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the healthy group, and the ulnar passage (UP) APVh4/h1 (P < 0.05) was clearly elevated in the hypertensive group. These results provide a preliminary validation of this novel approach for determining the APV by arrayed pulse wave analysis. In conclusion, we identified effective indicators of hypertensive vascular function. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulses comprise multidimensional information, and a sensor array could provide a better indication of TCM pulse characteristics. In this study, the validation of the arrayed pulse wave analysis demonstrates that the APV can reliably mirror TCM pulse characteristics.
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