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Shahid Nadeem M, Khan JA, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Sayyed N, Gupta G, Kazmi I. Protective Effect of Hirsutidin against Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism via Inhibition of Caspase-3/Interleukins-6 and 1β. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13016-13025. [PMID: 37065035 PMCID: PMC10099452 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A participant of the chemical family recognized as anthocyanins, hirsutidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin. It is a natural substance, i.e., existing in Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), the predominant component in petals, as well as callus cultures. The literature review indicated a lack of scientifically verified findings on hirsutidin's biological activities, particularly its anti-Parkinson's capabilities. Using the information from the previous section as a reference, a present study has been assessed to evaluate the anti-Parkinson properties of hirsutidin against rotenone-activated Parkinson's in experimental animals. For 28 days, rats received hirsutidin at a dose of 10 mg/kg and rotenone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg s.c. to test the neuroprotective effects. The hirsutidin was given 1 h before the rotenone. Behavioral tests, including the rotarod test, catalepsy, Kondziela's inverted screen activity, and open-field analysis, were performed. The levels of neurotransmitters (5-HT, DOPAC, 5-HIAA, dopamine, and HVA), neuroinflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, caspase-3), an endogenous antioxidant, nitrite content, and acetylcholine were measured in all the rats on the 29th day. Hirsutidin exhibited substantial behavioral improvement in the rotarod test, catalepsy, Kondziela's inverted screen activity, and open-field test. Furthermore, hirsutidin restored neuroinflammatory markers, cholinergic function, nitrite content, neurotransmitters, and endogenous antioxidant levels. According to the study, hirsutidin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. As a result, it implies that hirsutidin may have anti-Parkinsonian effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalaluddin Azam Khan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental
Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School
of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School
of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department
of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical
and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- Uttaranchal
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal
University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Gonzalez G, Kvasnica M, Svrčková K, Štěpánková Š, Santos JRC, Peřina M, Jorda R, Lopes SMM, Melo TMVDPE. Ring-fused 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-enes as novel neuroprotective agents with cholinesterase inhibitory properties. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106194. [PMID: 36162631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is an intellectual disorder caused by organic brain damage and cerebral atrophy, characterized by the loss of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking followed by declining cognitive functions, language, and the ability to perform daily living activities. Many efforts have been made to decrease the effects of the disease but also to block the neurodegenerative process. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are a group of medicines that act at the neurotransmission of acetylcholine, preventing its excessive breakdown and helping to improve cognitive functions in patients with AD. In this work, 16 chiral steroids, namely ring-fused 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-ene derivatives, their precursor and two 16-dehydroprogesterone-derived dioximes, were assessed as cholinesterase inhibitors and neuroprotective agents. The results demonstrated that some of the tested steroids are cholinesterase inhibitors and the majority selective for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Albeit, one ring-fused 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-ene containing N-methylpiperidine ring (compound 2g) demonstrated to be a selective and potent inhibitor of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. (S)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8-(hexahydronaphthalen-2-one)-fused 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-ene (compound 6) showed high neuroprotective effect, high ability to restore the mitochondrial membrane potential from glutamate intoxication, and dramatic improvement in cell morphology. The described results provided relevant structure-activity relationship data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Svrčková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Štěpánková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Joana R C Santos
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miroslav Peřina
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Susana M M Lopes
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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