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Mohamed Zahidi M, Mamat MH, Subki ASRA, Abdullah MH, Hassan H, Ahmad MK, Bakar SA, Mohamed A, Ohtani B. Formation of a Nanorod-Assembled TiO 2 Actinomorphic-Flower-like Microsphere Film via Ta Doping Using a Facile Solution Immersion Method for Humidity Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:256. [PMID: 36678009 PMCID: PMC9861450 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study fabricated tantalum (Ta)-doped titanium dioxide with a unique nanorod-assembled actinomorphic-flower-like microsphere structured film. The Ta-doped TiO2 actinomorphic-flower-like microsphere (TAFM) was fabricated via the solution immersion method in a Schott bottle with a home-made improvised clamp. The samples were characterised using FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, Raman, XPS, and Hall effect measurements for their structural and electrical properties. Compared to the undoped sample, the rutile-phased TAFM sample had finer nanorods with an average 42 nm diameter assembled to form microsphere-like structures. It also had higher oxygen vacancy sites, electron concentration, and mobility. In addition, a reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy measurement was performed for TAFM, revealing that the sample had a high electron trap density of up to 2.5 μmolg-1. The TAFM showed promising results when employed as the resistive-type sensing film for a humidity sensor, with the highest sensor response of 53,909% obtained at 3 at.% Ta doping. Adding rGO to 3 at.% TAFM further improved the sensor response to 232,152%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Mohamed Zahidi
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Electrical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh 13500, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Shamsul Rahimi A Subki
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Electrical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh 13500, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hamizura Hassan
- Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh 13500, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohamed
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Bunsho Ohtani
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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