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Utzinger B, Dixit DD, Lillehoj PB. Microfluidic finger-actuated mixer for ultrasensitive electrochemical measurements of protein biomarkers for point-of-care testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38979726 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Current diagnostic tests for high sensitivity detection of protein biomarkers involve long incubation times or require bulky/expensive instrumentation, hindering their use for point-of-care testing. Here, we report a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor that employs a unique finger-actuated mixer for rapid, ultrasensitive measurements of protein biomarkers. Mixing was implemented during the incubation steps, which accelerated biomolecular transport and promoted immunocomplex formation, leading to enhanced analytical sensitivity and a shortened detection time. Electrochemical measurements were performed using a handheld diagnostic device consisting of a smartphone and miniature potentiostat. Proof of principle was demonstrated by using this platform for quantitative measurements of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), a serological biomarker for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which could be detected in human plasma at concentrations as low as 4.7 pg mL-1 in <25 min. The ability to rapidly detect protein biomarkers with high sensitivity in a point-of-care format makes this device a promising tool for diagnostic testing, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Utzinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Desh Deepak Dixit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Peter B Lillehoj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen Q, Lin R, Wang W, Zuo Y, Zhuo Y, Yu Y, Chen S, Gu H. Efficient Electrochemical Microsensor for the Simultaneous Measurement of Hydrogen Peroxide and Ascorbic Acid in Living Brains. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6683-6691. [PMID: 38619493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbic acid (AA), acting as two significant indicative species, correlate with the oxidative stress status in living brains, which have historically been considered to be involved mainly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease (PD). The development of efficient biosensors for the simultaneous measurement of their levels in living brains is vital to understand their roles played in the brain and their interactive relationship in the progress of these diseases. Herein, a robust ratiometric electrochemical microsensor was rationally designed to realize the determination of H2O2 and AA simultaneously. Therefore, a specific probe was designed and synthesized with both recognition units responsible for reacting with H2O2 to produce a detectable signal on the microsensor and linkage units helping the probe modify onto the carbon substrate. A topping ingredient, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was added on the surface of the electrode, with the purpose of not only facilitating the oxidation of AA but also absorbing methylene blue (MB), prompting to read out the inner reference signal. This proposed electrochemical microsensor exhibited a robust ability to real-time track H2O2 and AA in linear ranges of 0.5-900 and 10-1000 μM with high selectivity and accuracy, respectively. Eventually, the efficient electrochemical microsensor was successfully applied to the simultaneous measurement of H2O2 and AA in the rat brain, followed by microinjection, and in the PD mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Chen
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Lin
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Zuo
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gu
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, P. R. China
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Guan Z, Liu Q, Ma CB, Du Y. Electrochemical microfluidic sensing platforms for biosecurity analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05256-2. [PMID: 38523160 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Biosecurity encompasses the health and safety of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In this article, "biosecurity" is defined as encompassing the comprehensive aspects of human, animal, plant, and environmental safety. Reliable biosecurity testing technology is the key point for effectively assessing biosecurity risks and ensuring biosecurity. Therefore, it is crucial to develop excellent detection technologies to detect risk factors that can affect biosecurity. An electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platform integrates fluid control, target recognition, signal transduction, and output and incorporates the advantages of electrochemical analysis technology and microfluidic technology. Thus, an electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platform, characterized by exceptional analytical sensitivity, portability, rapid analysis speed, low reagent consumption, and low risk of contamination, shows considerable promise for biosecurity detection compared to traditional, more complex, and time-consuming detection technologies. This review provides a concise introduction to electrochemical microfluidic biosensors and biosecurity. It highlights recent research advances in utilizing electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platforms to assess biosecurity risk factors. It includes the use of electrochemical microfluidic biosensors for the detection of risk factors directly endangering biosecurity (direct application: namely, risk factors directly endangering the health of human, animals, and plants) and for the detection of risk factors indirectly endangering biosecurity (indirect application: namely, risk factors endangering the safety of food and the environment). Finally, we outline the current challenges and future perspectives of electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chong-Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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Du Z, Chen L, Yang S. Advancements in the research of finger-actuated POCT chips. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:65. [PMID: 38158397 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic point-of-care testing (POCT) chips are used to enable the mixing and reaction of small sample volumes, facilitating target molecule detection. Traditional methods for actuating POCT chips rely on external pumps or power supplies, which are complex and non-portable. The development of finger-actuated chips has reduced operational difficulty and improved portability, promoting the development of POCT chips. This paper reviews the significance, developments, and potential applications of finger-actuated POCT chips. Three methods for controlling the flow accuracy of finger-actuated chips are summarized: direct push, indirect control, and sample injection control method, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, a comprehensive analysis of multi-fluid driving modes is provided, categorizing them into single-push multi-driving and multi-push multi-driving modes. Furthermore, recent research breakthroughs in finger-actuated chips are thoroughly summarized, and their structures, driving, and detection methods are discussed. Finally, this paper discusses the driving performance of finger-actuated chips, the suitability of detection scenarios, and the compatibility with existing detection technologies. It also provides prospects for the future development and application of finger-actuated POCT chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Du
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Shaohui Yang
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Renewable Energy Equipment of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Cleaning Utilization and Development of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361021, China
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