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Mahmoud AED, Mostafa E. Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions: Preparations and Applications. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:789. [PMID: 37755211 PMCID: PMC10538012 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Water shortages are one of the problems caused by global industrialization, with most wastewater discharged without proper treatment, leading to contamination and limited clean water supply. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative water sources because many concerns are directed toward sustainable water treatment processes. Nanofiltration membrane technology is a membrane integrated with nanoscale particle size and is a superior technique for heavy metal removal in the treatment of polluted water. The fabrication of nanofiltration membranes involves phase inversion and interfacial polymerization. This review provides a comprehensive outline of how nanoparticles can effectively enhance the fabrication, separation potential, and efficiency of NF membranes. Nanoparticles take the form of nanofillers, nanoembedded membranes, and nanocomposites to give multiple approaches to the enhancement of the NF membrane's performance. This could significantly improve selectivity, fouling resistance, water flux, porosity, roughness, and rejection. Nanofillers can form nanoembedded membranes and thin films through various processes such as in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, blending, coating, and embedding. We discussed the operational conditions, such as pH, temperature, concentration of the feed solution, and pressure. The mitigation strategies for fouling resistance are also highlighted. Recent developments in commercial nanofiltration membranes have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Esraa Mostafa
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
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Shi W, Bai H, Tian Y, Wang X, Li Z, Zhu X, Tian Y, Cao M. Designing Versatile Superhydrophilic Structures via an Alginate-Based Hydrophilic Plasticene. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050962. [PMID: 37241586 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of superhydrophilic materials with a controllable structure is a critical component in various applications, including solar steam generation, liquid spontaneous transport, etc. The arbitrary manipulation of the 2D, 3D, and hierarchical structures of superhydrophilic substrates is highly desirable for smart liquid manipulation in both research and application fields. To design versatile superhydrophilic interfaces with various structures, here we introduce a hydrophilic plasticene that possesses high flexibility, deformability, water absorption, and crosslinking capabilities. Through a pattern-pressing process with a specific template, 2D prior fast spreading of liquids at speeds up to 600 mm/s was achieved on the superhydrophilic surface with designed channels. Additionally, 3D superhydrophilic structures can be facilely designed by combining the hydrophilic plasticene with a 3D-printed template. The assembly of 3D superhydrophilic microstructure arrays were explored, providing a promising route to facilitate the continuous and spontaneous liquid transport. The further modification of superhydrophilic 3D structures with pyrrole can promote the applications of solar steam generation. The optimal evaporation rate of an as-prepared superhydrophilic evaporator reached ~1.60 kg·m-2·h-1 with a conversion efficiency of approximately 92.96%. Overall, we envision that the hydrophilic plasticene should satisfy a wide range of requirements for superhydrophilic structures and update our understanding of superhydrophilic materials in both fabrication and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haoyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yaru Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuanbo Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Moyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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