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Wang X, Yan X, Zhang Z, Xu C, Du F, Xie Y, Yin X, Lei Z, Jiang Y, Yang W, Zhou X, Wang Y. IR808@MnO nano-near infrared fluorescent dye's diagnostic value for malignant pleural effusion. Respir Res 2024; 25:22. [PMID: 38195540 PMCID: PMC10777594 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion is mostly a complication of advanced malignant tumors. However, the cancer markers such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), and cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) have low sensitivity and organ specificity for detecting malignant pleural effusion. RESEARCH QUESTION Is IR808@MnO nano-near infrared fluorescent dye worthy for the diagnosis in differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This experiment was carried out to design and characterize the materials for in vitro validation of the new dye in malignant tumor cells in the A549 cell line and in patients with adenocarcinoma pleural effusion. The dye was verified to possess tumor- specific targeting capabilities. Subsequently, a prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted, enrolling 106 patients and excluding 28 patients with unknown diagnoses. All patients underwent histopathological analysis of thoracoscopic biopsies, exfoliative cytological analysis of pleural fluid, and analysis involving the new dye. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel, GraphPad Prism, and the R language. RESULTS The size of IR808@MnO was 136.8 ± 2.9 nm, with peak emission at 808 nm, and it has near-infrared fluorescence properties. Notably, there was a significant difference in fluorescence values between benign and malignant cell lines (p < 0.0001). The malignant cell lines tested comprised CL1-5, A549, MDA-MB-468, U-87MG, MKN-7, and Hela, while benign cell lines were BEAS-2B, HUVEC, HSF, and VE. The most effective duration of action was identified as 30 min at a concentration of 5 μl. This optimal duration of action and concentration were consistent in patients with lung adenocarcinoma accompanied by pleural effusion and 5 μl. Of the 106 patients examined, 28 remained undiagnosed, 39 were diagnosed with malignant pleural effusions, and the remaining 39 with benign pleural effusions. Employing the new IR808@MnO staining method, the sensitivity stood at 74.4%, specificity at 79.5%, a positive predictive value of 69.2%, and a negative predictive value of 82.1%. The area under the ROC curve was recorded as 0.762 (95% CI: 0.652-0.872). The confusion matrix revealed a positive predictive value of 75.7%, a negative predictive value of 75.6%, a false positive rate of 22.5%, and a false negative rate of 26.3%. INTERPRETATION The IR808@MnO fluorescent probe represents an efficient, sensitive, and user-friendly diagnostic tool for detecting malignant pleural fluid, underscoring its significant potential for clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingya Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangbin Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanghu Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaona Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zubao Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yinling Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wanchun Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China.
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Wu C, Almuaalemi HYM, Sohan ASMMF, Yin B. Effect of Flow Velocity on Laminar Flow in Microfluidic Chips. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1277. [PMID: 37512588 PMCID: PMC10383554 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gel fibers prepared based on microfluidic laminar flow technology have important research value in constructing biomimetic scaffolds and tissue engineering. The key point of microfluidic laminar flow technology is to find the appropriate fluid flow rate in the micropipe. In order to explore the influence of flow rate on the laminar flow phenomenon of a microfluidic chip, a microfluidic chip composed of an intermediate main pipe and three surrounding outer pipes are designed, and the chip is prepared by photolithography and the composite molding method. Then, a syringe pump is used to inject different fluids into the microtubing, and the data of fluid motion are obtained through fluid dynamics simulation and finite element analysis. Finally, a series of optimal adjustments are made for different fluid composition and flow rate combinations to achieve the fluid's stable laminar flow state. It was determined that when the concentration of sodium alginate in the outer phase was 1 wt% and the concentration of CaCl2 in the inner phase was 0.1 wt%, the gel fiber prepared was in good shape, the flow rate was the most stable, and laminar flow was the most obvious when the flow rate of both was 1 mL/h. This study represents a preliminary achievement in exploring the laminar flow rate and fabricating gel fibers, thus offering significant reference value for investigating microfluidic laminar flow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Nantong Fuleda Vehicle Accessory Component Co., Ltd., Nantong 226300, China
- Jiangsu Tongshun Power Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong 226300, China
| | | | - A S M Muhtasim Fuad Sohan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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