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Samyn P, Everaerts J, Chandroth AM, Cosemans P, Malek O. A feasibility study on femtosecond laser texturing of sprayed nanocellulose coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122307. [PMID: 38858026 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses are emerging as natural materials with favourable properties for coating industry and can be applied by state-of-the-art spraying technology. While additional functionalities are commonly introduced through chemical modification, the surface microstructuring of nanocellulose coatings with high throughput methods remains unexplored. Here, a femtosecond laser is used for texturing spray-coated coatings made of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). For coating thickness of 1.5 to 8 μm, processing limits were determined with maximum ablation energy linearly increasing with coating thickness and minimum ablation energy decreasing or increasing depending on the apparent coating density. Within applicable processing window of pulse rate and power setting, the operational ranges were determined for creating one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface patterns, requiring a higher laser energy for CNC compared to CNF coatings and yielding thinnest possible resolved patterns of 17 μm as determined by the laser spot diameter. The laser ablation under low energy corresponds to an increase in surface roughness and intensifies surface hydrophilicity, while the line patterns are able to pin water droplets with rising water contact angles up to 90°. Present feasibility study opens future possibilities for managing surface properties of nanocellulose coatings in applications where tuning of surface hydrophilicity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- SIRRIS, Department of Innovations in Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, Gaston Geenslaan 8, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joris Everaerts
- KULeuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Cosemans
- SIRRIS, Department of Innovations in Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, Gaston Geenslaan 8, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Malek
- SIRRIS, Department of Manufacturing Systems and Technologies, Thor park 8027, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
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Pinheiro T, Morais M, Silvestre S, Carlos E, Coelho J, Almeida HV, Barquinha P, Fortunato E, Martins R. Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402014. [PMID: 38551106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Direct Laser Writing (DLW) has been increasingly selected as a microfabrication route for efficient, cost-effective, high-resolution material synthesis and conversion. Concurrently, lasers participate in the patterning and assembly of functional geometries in several fields of application, of which electronics stand out. In this review, recent advances and strategies based on DLW for electronics microfabrication are surveyed and outlined, based on laser material growth strategies. First, the main DLW parameters influencing material synthesis and transformation mechanisms are summarized, aimed at selective, tailored writing of conductive and semiconducting materials. Additive and transformative DLW processing mechanisms are discussed, to open space to explore several categories of materials directly synthesized or transformed for electronics microfabrication. These include metallic conductors, metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides and carbides, laser-induced graphene, and their mixtures. By accessing a wide range of material types, DLW-based electronic applications are explored, including processing components, energy harvesting and storage, sensing, and bioelectronics. The expanded capability of lasers to participate in multiple fabrication steps at different implementation levels, from material engineering to device processing, indicates their future applicability to next-generation electronics, where more accessible, green microfabrication approaches integrate lasers as comprehensive tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pinheiro
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria Morais
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Sara Silvestre
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carlos
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - João Coelho
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Henrique V Almeida
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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Corsaro C, Orlando G, Costa G, Latino M, Barreca F, Mezzasalma AM, Neri F, Fazio E. Wetting Behavior Driven by Surface Morphology Changes Induced by Picosecond Laser Texturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1719. [PMID: 38673077 PMCID: PMC11051418 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The laser surface texturing (LST) technique has recently been used to enhance adhesion bond strength in various coating applications and to create structures with controlled hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces. The texturing processing parameters can be adjusted to tune the surface's polarity, thereby controlling the ratio between the polar and dispersed components of the surface free energy and determining its hydrophobic character. The aim of this work is to systematically select appropriate laser and scan head parameters for high-quality surface topography of metal-based materials. A correlation between texturing parameters and wetting properties was made in view of several technological applications, i.e., for the proper growth of conformal layers onto laser-textured metal surfaces. Surface analyses, carried out by scanning electron microscopy and profilometry, reveal the presence of periodic microchannels decorated with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) in the direction parallel to the microchannels. The water contact angle varies widely from about 20° to 100°, depending on the treated material (titanium, nickel, etc.). Nowadays, reducing the wettability transition time from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, while also changing environmental conditions, remains a challenge. Therefore, the characteristics of environmental dust and its influence on the properties of the picosecond laser-textured surface (e.g., chemical bonding of samples) have been studied while monitoring ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Gabriele Orlando
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Gabriele Costa
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Mariangela Latino
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
- CNR-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Barreca
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.O.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (A.M.M.); (F.N.)
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Song B, Zhang D, Jing X, Ren Y, Chen Y, Li H. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Surface Textures in Vibration-Assisted Micro Milling. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:139. [PMID: 38258258 PMCID: PMC10821413 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Vibration-assisted micro milling is a promising technique for fabricating engineered mi-cro-scaled surface textures. This paper presents a novel approach for theoretical modeling of three-dimensional (3D) surface textures produced by vibration-assisted micro milling. The proposed model considers the effects of tool edge geometry, minimum uncut chip thickness (MUCT), and material elastic recovery. The surface texture formation under different machining parameters is simulated and analyzed through mathematical modeling. Two typical surface morphologies can be generated: wave-type and fish scale-type textures, depending on the phase difference between tool paths. A 2-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) vibration stage is also developed to provide vibration along the feed and cross-feed directions during micro-milling process. Micro-milling experiments on copper were carried out to verify the ability to fabricate controlled surface textures using the vibration stage. The simulated and experimentally generated surfaces show good agreement in geometry and dimensions. This work provides an accurate analytical model for vibration-assisted micro-milling surface generation and demonstrates its feasibility for efficient, flexible texturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Song
- Key Laboratory of Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Xiubing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yingying Ren
- Key Laboratory of Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yun Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Huaizhong Li
- School of Engineering & Built Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
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