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Hu S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Tong R. Dielectrophoretic separation and purification: From colloid and biological particles to droplets. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1731:465155. [PMID: 39032216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
It is indispensable to realize the high level of purification and separation, so that objective particles, such as malignant cells, harmful bacteria, and special proteins or biological molecules, could satisfy the high precise measurement in the pharmaceutical analysis, clinical diagnosis, targeted therapy, and food defense. In addition, this could reveal the intrinsic nature and evolution mechanisms of individual biological variations. Consequently, many techniques related to optical tweezers, microfluidics, acoustophoresis, and electrokinetics can be broadly used to achieve micro- and nano-scale particle separations. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been used for various manipulation, concentration, transport, and separation processes of biological particles owing to its early development, mature theory, low cost, and high throughput. Although numerous reviews have discussed the biological applications of DEP techniques, comprehensive descriptions of micro- and nano-scale particle separations feature less frequently in the literature. Therefore, this review summarizes the current state of particle separation attention to relevant technological developments and innovation, including theoretical simulation, microchannel structure, electrode material, pattern and its layout. Moreover, a brief overview of separation applications using DEP in combination with other technologies is also provided. Finally, conclusions, future guidelines, and suggestions for potential promotion are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Yangcheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Ruijie Tong
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Liu J, Liu S. Dynamics Behaviors of Droplet on Hydrophobic Surfaces Driven by Electric Field. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110778. [PMID: 31739492 PMCID: PMC6915515 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic technology achieves precise manipulation of droplet behaviors by designing and controlling the flow and interaction of various incompatible fluids. The electric field provides a non-contact, pollution-free, designable and promising method for droplet microfluidics. Since the droplet behaviors in many industrial and biological applications occur on the contact surface and the properties of droplets and the surrounding environment are not consistent, it is essential to understand fundamentally the sessile droplet motion and deformation under various conditions. This paper reports a technique using the pin-plate electrode to generate non-uniform dielectrophoresis (DEP) force to control sessile droplets on hydrophobic surfaces. The electrohydrodynamics phenomena of the droplet motion and deformation are simulated using the phase-field method. It is found that the droplet moves along the substrate surface to the direction of higher electric field strength, and is accompanied with a certain offset displacement. In addition, the effect of pin electric potentials, surface contact angles and droplet volumes on the droplet motion and deformation are also studied and compared. The results show that higher potentials, more hydrophobic surfaces and larger droplet volumes exhibit greater droplet horizontal displacement and offset displacement. But for the droplet vertical displacement, it is found that during the first revert process, the release of the surface tension can make the droplet with low potentials, small contact angles or small droplet volumes span from negative to positive. These results will be helpful for future operations encountered in sessile droplets under non-uniform electric fields towards the droplet microfluidics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Sheng Liu
- The Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Laboratory, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-7125-1668
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Ji X, Xu L, Zhou T, Shi L, Deng Y, Li J. Numerical Investigation of DC Dielectrophoretic Deformable Particle⁻Particle Interactions and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E260. [PMID: 30424193 PMCID: PMC6187325 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a non-uniform electric field, the surface charge of the deformable particle is polarized, resulting in the dielectrophoretic force acting on the surface of the particle, which causes the electrophoresis. Due to dielectrophoretic force, the two deformable particles approach each other, and distort the flow field between them, which cause the hydrodynamic force correspondingly. The dielectrophoresis (DEP) force and the hydrodynamic force together form the net force acting on the particles. In this paper, based on a thin electric double layer (EDL) assumption, we developed a mathematical model under the arbitrary Lagrangian⁻Eulerian (ALE) numerical approach method to simulate the flow field, electric field, and deformable particles simultaneously. Simulation results show that, when two deformable particles' distances are in a certain range, no matter the initial position of the two particles immersed in the fluid field, the particles will eventually form a particle⁻particle chain parallel to the direction of the electric field. In actual experiments, the biological cells used are deformable. Compared with the previous study on the DEP motion of the rigid particles, the research conclusion of this paper provides a more rigorous reference for the design of microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yongbo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhou T, Ge J, Shi L, Fan J, Liu Z, Woo Joo S. Dielectrophoretic choking phenomenon of a deformable particle in a converging-diverging microchannel. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:590-596. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Jian Ge
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Junqing Fan
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College; Hainan University; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics; Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP); Chinese Academy of Science; Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyongsan Korea
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Gauthier V, Bolopion A, Gauthier M. Analytical Formulation of the Electric Field Induced by Electrode Arrays: Towards Automated Dielectrophoretic Cell Sorting. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E253. [PMID: 30400444 PMCID: PMC6189918 DOI: 10.3390/mi8080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is defined as the motion of an electrically polarisable particle in a non-uniform electric field. Current dielectrophoretic devices enabling sorting of cells are mostly controlled in open-loop applying a predefined voltage on micro-electrodes. Closed-loop control of these devices would enable to get advanced functionalities and also more robust behavior. Currently, the numerical models of dielectrophoretic force are too complex to be used in real-time closed-loop control. The aim of this paper is to propose a new type of models usable in this framework. We propose an analytical model of the electric field based on Fourier series to compute the dielectrophoretic force produced by parallel electrode arrays. Indeed, this method provides an analytical expression of the electric potential which decouples the geometrical factors (parameter of our system), the voltages applied on electrodes (input of our system), and the position of the cells (output of our system). Considering the Newton laws on each cell, it enables to generate easily a dynamic model of the cell positions (output) function of the voltages on electrodes (input). This dynamic model of our system is required to design the future closed-loop control law. The predicted dielectrophoretic forces are compared to a numerical simulation based on finite element model using COMSOL software. The model presented in this paper enables to compute the dielectrophoretic force applied to a cell by an electrode array in a few tenths of milliseconds. This model could be consequently used in future works for closed-loop control of dielectrophoretic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gauthier
- FEMTO-ST Institute, AS2M Department, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 24 rue Alain Savary, 25000 Besancon, France.
| | - Aude Bolopion
- FEMTO-ST Institute, AS2M Department, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 24 rue Alain Savary, 25000 Besancon, France.
| | - Michaël Gauthier
- FEMTO-ST Institute, AS2M Department, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 24 rue Alain Savary, 25000 Besancon, France.
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Chen X, Hu Z, Zhang L, Yao Z, Chen X, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cui X, Song H. Numerical and Experimental Study on a Microfluidic Concentration Gradient Generator for Arbitrary Approximate Linear and Quadratic Concentration Curve Output. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work introduces a simple and versatile method for researching the concentration gradient generator (CGG) which can present the arbitrary approximate linear and quadratic concentration gradient curves output. The concentration gradients of arbitrary approximate linear curves with two inlets and arbitrary quadratic curves in the CGG with three inlets are obtained with the corresponding flow velocities. The CGG was simulated basing on the finite element method (FEM). The fluid-dynamic and mass-transport about the CGG was studied. Moreover, the feasibility of simulation was clearly verified by an experiment which two microfluidic chips of CGG on the PMMA substrate were processed using CNC engraving and milling machine. The paper successfully demonstrates the controllability of concentration gradient profiles in CGG with two inlets and three inlets. The study on the CGG can help the trends study of cell and molecule in different samples in the biochemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueye Chen
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Zengliang Hu
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Qing Wang
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Xuemiao Cui
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Hongxu Song
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
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Chen L, Deng Y, Zhou T, Pan H, Liu Z. A Novel Electroosmotic Micromixer with Asymmetric Lateral Structures and DC Electrode Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190365 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel electroosmotic micromixer that consists of arrays of direct current (DC) asymmetric electrode and asymmetric lateral structures. By embedding asymmetric electrode arrays on the top and bottom walls of a rectangular microchannel appropriately, the flow perturbations and vortexes can be induced when a DC electric field is imposed. An efficient lateral structure is then sequentially combined with the rectangular microchannel, which enhances the mixing effect significantly. The effects of operational parameters such as the Reynolds number, the applied potential, and the Peclet number on the mixing performance are analyzed in detail by numerical simulations. The results indicate that an enhanced mixing performance can be achieved with low applied potential. The novel method proposed in this paper provides a simple solution for mixing in the field of micro-total-analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China; (L.C.); (Y.D.); (H.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongbo Deng
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China; (L.C.); (Y.D.); (H.P.)
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China;
| | - Hui Pan
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China; (L.C.); (Y.D.); (H.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China; (L.C.); (Y.D.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8670-8138
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Zhou T, Wang H, Shi L, Liu Z, Joo SW. An Enhanced Electroosmotic Micromixer with an Efficient Asymmetric Lateral Structure. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E218. [PMID: 30404389 PMCID: PMC6190438 DOI: 10.3390/mi7120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous and rapid mixing in microfluidic devices is difficult to accomplish, owing to the low Reynolds number associated with most flows in microfluidic channels. Here, an efficient electroosmotic micromixer based on a carefully designed lateral structure is demonstrated. The electroosmotic flow in this mixer with an asymmetrical structure induces enhanced disturbance in the micro channel, helping the fluid streams' folding and stretching, thereby enabling appreciable mixing. Quantitative analysis of the mixing efficiency with respect to the potential applied and the flow rate suggests that the electroosmotic microfluidic mixer developed in the present work can achieve efficient mixing with low applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-719, Korea.
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-719, Korea.
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