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Filippenkov IB, Remizova JA, Stavchansky VV, Denisova AE, Gubsky LV, Myasoedov NF, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Synthetic Adrenocorticotropic Peptides Modulate the Expression Pattern of Immune Genes in Rat Brain following the Early Post-Stroke Period. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1382. [PMID: 37510287 PMCID: PMC10379992 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an acute local decrease in cerebral blood flow due to a thrombus or embolus. Of particular importance is the study of the genetic systems that determine the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of a therapeutic window (a time interval of up to 6 h after a stroke) when effective treatment can be provided. Here, we used a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in rats to study two synthetic derivatives of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The first was ACTH(4-7)PGP, which is known as Semax. It is actively used as a neuroprotective drug. The second was the ACTH(6-9)PGP peptide, which is elucidated as a prospective agent only. Using RNA-Seq analysis, we revealed hundreds of ischemia-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as 131 and 322 DEGs related to the first and second peptide at 4.5 h after tMCAO, respectively, in dorsolateral areas of the frontal cortex of rats. Furthermore, we showed that both Semax and ACTH(6-9)PGP can partially prevent changes in the immune- and neurosignaling-related gene expression profiles disturbed by the action of ischemia at 4.5 h after tMCAO. However, their different actions with regard to predominantly immune-related genes were also revealed. This study gives insight into how the transcriptome depends on the variation in the structure of the related peptides, and it is valuable from the standpoint of the development of measures for early post-stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Filippenkov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Julia A Remizova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vasily V Stavchansky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Alina E Denisova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Leonid V Gubsky
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Federal Center for the Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Building 10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikolay F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Dergunova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
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Guo X, Tian Y, Yang Y, Li S, Guo L, Shi J. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Protects Against Cognitive Impairment Caused by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4309-4322. [PMID: 33999349 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has beneficial effects in learning and memory. However, the mechanism by which PACAP improves cognitive impairment of vascular dementia (VaD) is not clear. METHODS We established a VaD model by bilateral common carotid stenosis (BCAS) to investigate the molecular mechanism of cognitive impairment. Protein levels of PACAP, Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) were assessed by Western blot. In vitro, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to simulate the ischemia/hypoxia state. HT22 cells were transfected with Sirt3 knockdown and overexpression to study the relationship between PACAP, Sirt3, and BDNF. In vivo, PACAP was administered intranasally to assess its protective effects on BCAS. RESULTS The study showed that the levels of PACAP, Sirt3, BDNF, and PSD-95 were decreased in the BCAS model of VaD. PACAP increased the protein levels of Sirt3, BDNF, PSD-95, Bcl-2, and Bax under OGD condition in vitro. Sirt3 regulated BDNF and synaptic plasticity. Intranasal PACAP increased the protein levels of PAC1, Sirt3, BDNF, and PSD-95 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that PACAP regulates synaptic plasticity and plays an antiapoptotic role through Sirt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosu Guo
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiping Li
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Guo
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jiong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Filippenkov IB, Dergunova LV, Limborska SA, Myasoedov NF. Neuroprotective Effects of Peptides in the Brain: Transcriptome Approach. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:279-287. [PMID: 32564732 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The importance of studying the action mechanisms of drugs based on natural regulatory peptides is commonly recognized. Particular attention is paid to the peptide drugs that contribute to the restoration of brain functions after acute cerebrovascular accidents (stroke), which for many years continues to be one of the main problems and threats to human health. However, molecular genetic changes in the brain in response to ischemia, as well as the mechanisms of protective effects of peptides, have not been sufficiently studied. This limits the use of neuroprotective peptides and makes it difficult to develop new, more efficient drugs with targeted action on brain functions. Transcriptome analysis is a promising approach for studying the mechanisms of the damaging effects of cerebral ischemia and neuroprotective action of peptide drugs. Beside investigating the role of mRNAs in protein synthesis, the development of new neuroprotection strategies requires studying the involvement of regulatory RNAs in ischemia. Of greatest interest are microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are expressed predominantly in the brain. CircRNAs can interact with miRNAs and diminish their activity, thereby inhibiting miRNA-mediated repression of mRNAs. It has become apparent that analysis of the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA system is essential for deciphering the mechanisms of brain damage and repair. Here, we present the results of studies on the ischemia-induced changes in the activity of genes and peptide-mediated alterations in the transcriptome profiles in experimental ischemia and formulate the basic principles of peptide regulation in the ischemia-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Filippenkov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - L V Dergunova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - S A Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - N F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
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4
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Dergunova LV, Filippenkov IB, Limborska SA, Myasoedov NF. Pharmacotranscriptomics of peptide drugs with neuroprotective properties. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:754-769. [PMID: 32638434 DOI: 10.1002/med.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a review of studies on the effects of peptides with neuroprotective properties on gene transcription in nerve cells. The few published works in this area clearly demonstrate massive changes in cell transcriptomes induced by peptides under normal conditions and under conditions of experimental brain ischemia. These changes significantly affect signaling and metabolic pathways, affecting various body systems and confirming the multiple target actions of peptides. The importance of noncoding RNAs in the regulation of these processes is shown, and we discuss the prospects of research for determining the main mechanisms of peptide regulation, which is necessary for the further development of drugs with targeted neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Dergunova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan B Filippenkov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Myasoedov
- Department of Chemistry of Physiologically Active Compounds, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Novel Insights into the Protective Properties of ACTH (4-7)PGP (Semax) Peptide at the Transcriptome Level Following Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060681. [PMID: 32580520 PMCID: PMC7350263 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischaemia is the most common cause of impaired brain function. Biologically active peptides represent potential drugs for reducing the damage that occurs after ischaemia. The synthetic melanocortin derivative, ACTH(4-7)PGP (Semax), has been used successfully in the treatment of patients with severe impairment of cerebral blood circulation. However, its molecular mechanisms of action within the brain are not yet fully understood. Previously, we used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model to study the damaging effects of ischaemia-reperfusion on the brain transcriptome in rats. Here, using RNA-Seq analysis, we investigated the protective properties of the Semax peptide at the transcriptome level under tMCAO conditions. We have identified 394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (>1.5-fold change) in the brains of rats at 24 h after tMCAO treated with Semax relative to saline. Following tMCAO, we found that Semax suppressed the expression of genes related to inflammatory processes and activated the expression of genes related to neurotransmission. In contrast, ischaemia-reperfusion alone activated the expression of inflammation-related genes and suppressed the expression of neurotransmission-related genes. Therefore, the neuroprotective action of Semax may be associated with a compensation of mRNA expression patterns that are disrupted during ischaemia-reperfusion conditions.
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Rudy RF, Charoenvimolphan N, Qian B, Berndt A, Friedlander RM, Weiss ST, Du R. A Genome-Wide Analysis of the Penumbral Volume in Inbred Mice following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5070. [PMID: 30911049 PMCID: PMC6433893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Following ischemic stroke, the penumbra, at-risk neural tissue surrounding the core infarct, survives for a variable period of time before progressing to infarction. We investigated genetic determinants of the size of penumbra in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using a genome-wide approach. 449 male mice from 33 inbred strains underwent MCAO for 6 hours (215 mice) or 24 hours (234 mice). A genome-wide association study using genetic data from the Mouse HapMap project was performed to examine the effects of genetic variants on the penumbra ratio, defined as the ratio of the infarct volume after 6 hours to the infarct volume after 24 hours of MCAO. Efficient mixed model analysis was used to account for strain interrelatedness. Penumbra ratio differed significantly by strain (F = 2.7, P < 0.001) and was associated with 18 significant SNPs, including 6 protein coding genes. We have identified 6 candidate genes for penumbra ratio: Clint1, Nbea, Smtnl2, Rin3, Dclk1, and Slc24a4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Rudy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Baogang Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annerose Berndt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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7
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Rakers C, Schleif M, Blank N, Matušková H, Ulas T, Händler K, Torres SV, Schumacher T, Tai K, Schultze JL, Jackson WS, Petzold GC. Stroke target identification guided by astrocyte transcriptome analysis. Glia 2018; 67:619-633. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Rakers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Melvin Schleif
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Nelli Blank
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Hana Matušková
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation; LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn; Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation; LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn; Germany
| | | | - Toni Schumacher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Khalid Tai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation; LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn; Germany
| | | | - Gabor C. Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
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8
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Rivnyak A, Kiss P, Tamas A, Balogh D, Reglodi D. Review on PACAP-Induced Transcriptomic and Proteomic Changes in Neuronal Development and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041020. [PMID: 29596316 PMCID: PMC5979407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread occurrence and diverse biological effects. Among its several different effects, of special importance is the action of PACAP on neuronal proliferation, differentiation and migration, and neuroprotection. The neuroprotective mechanism of PACAP is both direct and indirect, via neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Several research groups have performed transcriptomic and proteomic analysis on PACAP-mediated genes and proteins. Hundreds of proteins have been described as being involved in the PACAP-mediated neuroprotection. In the present review we summarize the few currently available transcriptomic data potentially leading to the proteomic changes in neuronal development and protection. Proteomic studies focusing on the neuroprotective role of PACAP are also reviewed and discussed in light of the most intriguing and promising effect of this neuropeptide, which may possibly have future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rivnyak
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Peter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Balogh
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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9
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Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an ubiquitous peptide involved, among others, in neurodevelopment, neuromodulation, neuroprotection, neurogenic inflammation and nociception. Presence of PACAP and its specific receptor, PAC1, in the trigeminocervical complex, changes of PACAP levels in migraine patients and the migraine-inducing effect of PACAP injection strongly support the involvement of PACAP/PAC1 receptor in migraine pathogenesis. While antagonizing PAC1 receptor is a promising therapeutic target in migraine, the diverse array of PACAP's functions, including protection in ischemic events, requires that the cost-benefit of such an intervention is well investigated by taking all the beneficial effects of PACAP into account. In the present review we summarize the protective effects of PACAP in ischemia, especially in neuronal ischemic injuries, and discuss possible points to consider when developing strategies in migraine therapy interfering with the PACAP/PAC1 receptor system.
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10
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Beker MC, Caglayan AB, Kelestemur T, Caglayan B, Yalcin E, Yulug B, Kilic U, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Effects of normobaric oxygen and melatonin on reperfusion injury: role of cerebral microcirculation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30604-14. [PMID: 26416428 PMCID: PMC4741555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to protect the brain before an irreversible injury occurs, penumbral oxygenation is the primary goal of current acute ischemic stroke treatment. However, hyperoxia treatment remains controversial due to the risk of free radical generation and vasoconstriction. Melatonin is a highly potent free radical scavenger that protects against ischemic stroke. Considering its anti-oxidant activity, we hypothesized that melatonin may augment the survival-promoting action of normobaric oxygen (NBO) and prevent brain infarction. Herein, we exposed mice to 30 or 90 min of intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and evaluated the effects of NBO (70% or 100% over 90 min), administered either alone or in combination with melatonin (4 mg/kg, i.p.), on disseminate neuronal injury, neurological deficits, infarct volume, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cell signaling. Both NBO and particularly melatonin alone reduced neuronal injury, neurological deficits, infarct volume and BBB permeability, and increased post-ischemic CBF, evaluated by laser speckle imaging (LSI). They also improved CBF significantly in the ischemic- core and penumbra, which was associated with reduced IgG extravasation, DNA fragmentation, infarct volume, brain swelling and neurological scores. Levels of phosphorylated Akt, anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL, pro-apoptotic Bax and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were re-regulated after combined oxygen and melatonin delivery, whereas neuronal and inducible NOS, which were increased by oxygen treatment, were not influenced by melatonin. Our present data suggest that melatonin and NBO are promising approaches for the treatment of acute-ischemic stroke, which encourage proof-of-concept studies in human stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa C Beker
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Kelestemur
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Yalcin
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kubo H, Shibato J, Saito T, Ogawa T, Rakwal R, Shioda S. Unraveling the Rat Intestine, Spleen and Liver Genome-Wide Transcriptome after the Oral Administration of Lavender Oil by a Two-Color Dye-Swap DNA Microarray Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129951. [PMID: 26161641 PMCID: PMC4498626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lavender oil (LO) – a commonly, used oil in aromatherapy, with well-defined volatile components linalool and linalyl acetate – in non-traditional medicine is increasing globally. To understand and demonstrate the potential positive effects of LO on the body, we have established an animal model in this current study, investigating the orally administered LO effects genome wide in the rat small intestine, spleen, and liver. The rats were administered LO at 5 mg/kg (usual therapeutic dose in humans) followed by the screening of differentially expressed genes in the tissues, using a 4×44-K whole-genome rat chip (Agilent microarray platform; Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) in conjunction with a dye-swap approach, a novelty of this study. Fourteen days after LO treatment and compared with a control group (sham), a total of 156 and 154 up (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes, 174 and 66 up- (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes, and 222 and 322 up- (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes showed differential expression at the mRNA level in the small intestine, spleen and liver, respectively. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation of highly up- and down-regulated genes confirmed the regulation of the Papd4, Lrp1b, Alb, Cyr61, Cyp2c, and Cxcl1 genes by LO as examples in these tissues. Using bioinformatics, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized by their Gene Ontology (GO) and biological function and network analysis, revealing their diverse functions and potential roles in LO-mediated effects in rat. Further IPA analysis in particular unraveled the presence of novel genes, such as Papd4, Or8k5, Gprc5b, Taar5, Trpc6, Pld2 and Onecut3 (up-regulated top molecules) and Tnf, Slc45a4, Slc25a23 and Samt4 (down-regulated top molecules), to be influenced by LO treatment in the small intestine, spleen and liver, respectively. These results are the first such inventory of genes that are affected by lavender essential oil (LO) in an animal model, forming the basis for further in-depth bioinformatics and functional analyses and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kubo
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Oriental Aromatherapy College, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saito
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences & Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (RR); (SS)
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (RR); (SS)
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12
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Hori M, Shibato J, Nakamachi T, Rakwal R, Ogawa T, Shioda S, Numazawa S. Two-color Dye-swap DNA Microarray approach toward confident gene expression profiling in PMCAO mouse model for ischemia-related and PACAP38-influenced genes. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 3:148-54. [PMID: 26484166 PMCID: PMC4535747 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toward twin goals of identifying molecular factors in brain injured by ischemic stroke, and the effects of neuropeptide pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on the ischemic brain, we have established the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) mouse model and utilized the Agilent mouse whole genome 4 × 44 K DNA chip. PACAP38 (1 pmol) injection was given intracerebroventrically in comparison to a control saline (0.9% NaCl) injection, to screen genes responsive to PACAP38. Two sets of tissues were prepared, whole hemispheres (ischemic and non-ischemic) and infract core and penumbra regions at 6 and 24 h. In this study, we have detailed the experimental design and protocol used therein and explained the quality controls for the use of total RNA in the downstream DNA microarray experiment utilizing a two-color dye-swap approach for stringent and confident gene identification published in a series of papers by Hori and coworkers (Hori et al., 2012–2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Hori
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan ; Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan ; Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan ; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan ; Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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