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Chegini P, Salimi F, Pirbodagh ZA, Zare EN. Antilisterial and antioxidant exopolysaccharide from Enterococcus faecium PCH.25 isolated from cow butter: characterization and probiotic potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:389. [PMID: 39210205 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria have gained attention for their potential health benefits and applications in functional foods. This study explores the isolation and characterization of a novel exopolysaccharide-producing strain from dairy products. The aim was to evaluate its probiotic potential and investigate the properties of the produced exopolysaccharide. A strain identified as Enterococcus faecium PCH.25, isolated from cow butter, demonstrated exopolysaccharide production. The study's novelty lies in the comprehensive characterization of this strain and its exopolysaccharide, revealing unique properties with potential applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The E. faecium PCH.25 strain exhibited strong acid tolerance, with a 92.24% viability rate at pH 2 after 2 h of incubation. It also demonstrated notable auto-aggregation (85.27% after 24 h) and co-aggregation abilities, antibiotic sensitivity, and absence of hemolytic activity, suggesting its probiotic potential. The exopolysaccharide produced by this strain showed bactericidal activity (MIC and MBC = 1.8 mg/ml) against Listeria monocytogenes and antioxidant properties (22.8%). Chemical analysis revealed a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose and fructose monomers, with various functional groups contributing to its bioactivities. Physical characterization of the exopolysaccharide indicated thermal stability up to 270 °C, a negative zeta-potential (-27 mV), and an average particle size of 235 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed a smooth, nonporous structure primarily composed of carbon and oxygen, with an amorphous nature. These findings suggest that the exopolysaccharide from E. faecium PCH.25 has potential as a natural antibacterial and antioxidant polymer for use in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Chegini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
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Toward manipulating serotonin signaling via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102826. [PMID: 36332346 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established in humans that there is a bidirectional pathway of communication between the central and enteric nervous systems in which members of the microbiome participate. This microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is crucial for normal development and physiology, and its dysregulation has been implicated in a range of neurological and intestinal disorders. Investigations into the mechanistic underpinnings of the MGBA have identified serotonin as a molecule of particular interest. In this review, we highlight recent advances toward understanding the role of endogenous serotonin in microbial communities, how microbial communities bidirectionally interact with host serotonin, and potential future engineering opportunities to leverage these novel mechanisms for biomedical applications.
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Scardaci R, Bietto F, Racine PJ, Boukerb AM, Lesouhaitier O, Feuilloley MGJ, Scutera S, Musso T, Connil N, Pessione E. Norepinephrine and Serotonin Can Modulate the Behavior of the Probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415 towards the Host: Is a Putative Surface Sensor Involved? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030487. [PMID: 35336063 PMCID: PMC8954575 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has co-evolved with humans by exchanging bidirectional signals. This study aims at deepening the knowledge of this crucial relationship by analyzing phenotypic and interactive responses of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415 (E. faecium SF68) to the top-down signals norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT), two neuroactive molecules abundant in the gut. We treated E. faecium NCIMB10415 with 100 µM NE and 50 µM 5HT and tested its ability to form static biofilm (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy), adhere to the Caco-2/TC7 monolayer, affect the epithelial barrier function (Transepithelial Electrical Resistance) and human dendritic cells (DC) maturation, differentiation, and cytokines production. Finally, we evaluated the presence of a putative hormone sensor through in silico (whole genome sequence and protein modelling) and in vitro (Micro-Scale Thermophoresis) analyses. The hormone treatments increase biofilm formation and adhesion on Caco-2/TC7, as well as the epithelial barrier function. No differences concerning DC differentiation and maturation between stimulated and control bacteria were detected, while an enhanced TNF-α production was observed in NE-treated bacteria. Investigations on the sensor support the hypothesis that a two-component system on the bacterial surface can sense 5HT and NE. Overall, the data demonstrate that E. faecium NCIMB10415 can sense both NE and 5HT and respond accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Scardaci
- Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Bietto
- Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Racine
- Laboratory of Microbiology—Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies, University of Rouen Normandy, 27000 Evreux, France; (P.-J.R.); (A.M.B.); (O.L.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Amine M. Boukerb
- Laboratory of Microbiology—Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies, University of Rouen Normandy, 27000 Evreux, France; (P.-J.R.); (A.M.B.); (O.L.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology—Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies, University of Rouen Normandy, 27000 Evreux, France; (P.-J.R.); (A.M.B.); (O.L.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology—Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies, University of Rouen Normandy, 27000 Evreux, France; (P.-J.R.); (A.M.B.); (O.L.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Sara Scutera
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tiziana Musso
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratory of Microbiology—Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies, University of Rouen Normandy, 27000 Evreux, France; (P.-J.R.); (A.M.B.); (O.L.); (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.)
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