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de Andrade Vieira Alves F, Nunes PCG, Arruda LV, Salomão NG, Rabelo K. The Innate Immune Response in DENV- and CHIKV-Infected Placentas and the Consequences for the Fetuses: A Minireview. Viruses 2023; 15:1885. [PMID: 37766291 PMCID: PMC10535478 DOI: 10.3390/v15091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) are arthropod-borne viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families, respectively. Infection by both viruses can lead to a mild indistinct fever or even lead to more severe forms of the diseases, which are characterized by a generalized inflammatory state and multiorgan involvement. Infected mothers are considered a high-risk group due to their immunosuppressed state and the possibility of vertical transmission. Thereby, infection by arboviruses during pregnancy portrays a major public health concern, especially in countries where epidemics of both diseases are regular and public health policies are left aside. Placental involvement during both infections has been already described and the presence of either DENV or CHIKV has been observed in constituent cells of the placenta. In spite of that, there is little knowledge regarding the intrinsic earlier immunological mechanisms that are developed by placental cells in response to infection by both arboviruses. Here, we approach some of the current information available in the literature about the exacerbated presence of cells involved in the innate immune defense of the placenta during DENV and CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Andrade Vieira Alves
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550170, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.A.V.A.); (L.V.A.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Laíza Vianna Arruda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550170, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.A.V.A.); (L.V.A.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Gedeão Salomão
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Kíssila Rabelo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550170, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.A.V.A.); (L.V.A.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
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Breastfeeding by chikungunya virus-infected dams confers resistance to challenge in the offspring. Transl Res 2022; 255:109-118. [PMID: 36526155 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been reported in humans, but the transmission routes have not been completely understood, and experimental animal models are needed to enable detailed investigation of the transmission and pathogenesis of congenital infections. The intertwining of immune response and virus components at the gestation/breastfeeding interfaces between mother and fetus/newborn may have effects during the offspring development. An experimental model of CHIKV was established by infecting pregnant BALB/c female mice that enabled confirmation that dams inoculated up to the 10th gestational day transmit CHIKV transplacentally to approximately 8.4% of the fetuses, resulting in severe teratogenic effects. CHIKV neutralizing antibodies were detected in sera from adult mice born to healthy females and breastfed by CHIKV-infected dams, while no neutralization was detected in sera from animals born to CHIKV-infected dams. Moreover, adult mice born to healthy dams and cross-fostered for breastfeeding by CHIKV-infected dams were resistant to challenge with CHIKV on the 90th day after birth. The animals also had reduced viral loads in brain and spleen as compared to controls. There was expression of fluorescent CHIKV non-structural protein, and detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR in breast tissue from infected dams. CHIKV RNA and proteins were also detected in breast milk retrieved from the stomachs of recently fed newborns. The experimental results were also complemented by the finding of CHIKV RNA in 6% of colostrum samples from healthy lactating women in a CHIKV-endemic area. Breastfeeding induces immune protection to challenge with CHIKV in mice.
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Faustino R, Carvalho FR, Medeiros T, Familiar-Macedo D, Vianna RADO, Leite PEC, Pereira IR, Cardoso CAA, De Azeredo EL, Silva AA. Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Children Exposed to Maternal Chikungunya Virus Infection during the Intrauterine Period: A One-Year Follow-Up Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091881. [PMID: 36146688 PMCID: PMC9501274 DOI: 10.3390/v14091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) vertical transmission occurs due to maternal viremia in the prepartum. Clinical presentation in neonates can be varied; however, the consequences of intrauterine exposure on the immune response are unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze inflammatory alterations in children exposed to maternal CHIKV infection. This is a cross-sectional study that included children exposed to maternal CHIKV infection (confirmed by RT-qPCR and/or IgM). Circulant immune mediators were analyzed by a multiplex assay. RESULTS: We included 33 children, with a mean age of 3 ± 2.9 months-old, and 19 (57.6%) were male. Only one child presented neurological alterations. CHIKV-exposed infants showed elevated levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and CCL-2 (p < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and IL-7 (p < 0.0001) were also increased. In addition, lower levels of PDGF-BB and GM-CSF were observed in the same group (p < 0.0001). Principal component (PC) analysis highlighted a distinction in the inflammatory profile between groups, where PC explained 56.6% of the alterations. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to CHIKV can affect the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the infants’ first year of life. The long-term clinical consequences of these findings should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Faustino
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences (LAMAP), Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rabe Carvalho
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences (LAMAP), Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Thalia Medeiros
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences (LAMAP), Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24033-900, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Familiar-Macedo
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Renata Artimos de Oliveira Vianna
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences (LAMAP), Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24033-900, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences (LAMAP), Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24033-900, Brazil
- Department of Maternal and Child, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Elzinandes Leal De Azeredo
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.L.D.A.); (A.A.S.); Tel.: +55-(21)-3674-7285 (A.A.S.)
| | - Andrea Alice Silva
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences (LAMAP), Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24033-900, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.L.D.A.); (A.A.S.); Tel.: +55-(21)-3674-7285 (A.A.S.)
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