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Neil B, Cheney GL, Rosenzweig JA, Sha J, Chopra AK. Antimicrobial resistance in aeromonads and new therapies targeting quorum sensing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:205. [PMID: 38349402 PMCID: PMC10864486 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas species (spp.) are well-known fish pathogens, several of which have been recognized as emerging human pathogens. The organism is capable of causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, ranging from gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia to devastating necrotizing fasciitis. The systemic form of infection is often fatal, particularly in patients with underlying chronic diseases. Indeed, recent trends demonstrate rising numbers of hospital-acquired Aeromonas infections, especially in immuno-compromised individuals. Additionally, Aeromonas-associated antibiotic resistance is an increasing challenge in combating both fish and human infections. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance is related to Aeromonas' innate transformative properties including its ability to share plasmids and integron-related gene cassettes between species and with the environment. As a result, alternatives to antibiotic treatments are desperately needed. In that vein, many treatments have been proposed and studied extensively in the fish-farming industry, including treatments that target Aeromonas quorum sensing. In this review, we discuss current strategies targeting quorum sensing inhibition and propose that such studies empower the development of novel chemotherapeutic approaches to combat drug-resistant Aeromonas spp. infections in humans. KEY POINTS: • Aeromonas notoriously acquires and maintains antimicrobial resistance, making treatment options limited. • Quorum sensing is an essential virulence mechanism in Aeromonas infections. • Inhibiting quorum sensing can be an effective strategy in combating Aeromonas infections in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gabrielle L Cheney
- John Sealy School of Medicine, Medical Branch, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jason A Rosenzweig
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Jian Sha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ashok K Chopra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Peng M, Lin W, Zhou A, Jiang Z, Zhou F, Wang Z. High genetic diversity and different type VI secretion systems in Enterobacter species revealed by comparative genomics analysis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38238664 PMCID: PMC10797944 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The human-pathogenic Enterobacter species are widely distributed in diverse environmental conditions, however, the understanding of the virulence factors and genetic variations within the genus is very limited. In this study, we performed comparative genomics analysis of 49 strains originated from diverse niches and belonged to eight Enterobacter species, in order to further understand the mechanism of adaption to the environment in Enterobacter. The results showed that they had an open pan-genome and high genomic diversity which allowed adaptation to distinctive ecological niches. We found the number of secretion systems was the highest among various virulence factors in these Enterobacter strains. Three types of T6SS gene clusters including T6SS-A, T6SS-B and T6SS-C were detected in most Enterobacter strains. T6SS-A and T6SS-B shared 13 specific core genes, but they had different gene structures, suggesting they probably have different biological functions. Notably, T6SS-C was restricted to E. cancerogenus. We detected a T6SS gene cluster, highly similar to T6SS-C (91.2%), in the remote related Citrobacter rodenitum, suggesting that this unique gene cluster was probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer. The genomes of Enterobacter strains possess high genetic diversity, limited number of conserved core genes, and multiple copies of T6SS gene clusters with differentiated structures, suggesting that the origins of T6SS were not by duplication instead by independent acquisition. These findings provide valuable information for better understanding of the functional features of Enterobacter species and their evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China.
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Weiyuan Lin
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Fangzhen Zhou
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China.
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Hadimani S, De Britto S, Udayashankar AC, Geetha N, Nayaka CS, Ali D, Alarifi S, Ito SI, Jogaiah S. Genome-Wide Characterization of Effector Protein-Encoding Genes in Sclerospora graminicola and Its Validation in Response to Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Disease Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040431. [PMID: 37108886 PMCID: PMC10142805 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is the essential food crop for over ninety million people living in drier parts of India and South Africa. Pearl millet crop production is harshly hindered by numerous biotic stresses. Sclerospora graminicola causes downy mildew disease in pearl millet. Effectors are the proteins secreted by several fungi and bacteria that manipulate the host cell structure and function. This current study aims to identify genes encoding effector proteins from the S. graminicola genome and validate them through molecular techniques. In silico analyses were employed for candidate effector prediction. A total of 845 secretory transmembrane proteins were predicted, out of which 35 proteins carrying LxLFLAK (Leucine–any amino acid–Phenylalanine–Leucine–Alanine–Lysine) motif were crinkler, 52 RxLR (Arginine, any amino acid, Leucine, Arginine), and 17 RxLR-dEER putative effector proteins. Gene validation analysis of 17 RxLR-dEER effector protein-producing genes was carried out, of which 5genes were amplified on the gel. These novel gene sequences were submitted to NCBI. This study is the first report on the identification and characterization of effector genes in Sclerospora graminicola. This dataset will aid in the integration of effector classes that act independently, paving the way to investigate how pearl millet responds to effector protein interactions. These results will assist in identifying functional effector proteins involving the omic approach using newer bioinformatics tools to protect pearl millet plants against downy mildew stress. Considered together, the identified effector protein-encoding functional genes can be utilized in screening oomycetes downy mildew diseases in other crops across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hadimani
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | - Savitha De Britto
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Goroka, Goroka 441, Papua New Guinea
| | - Arakere C. Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Nagaraj Geetha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Chandra S. Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shin-ichi Ito
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye (PO) 671316, Kasaragod (DT), Kerala, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-836-2779533; Fax: +91-836-2747884
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Wang J, Xiu L, Qiao Y, Zhang Y. Virulence regulation of Zn2+ uptake system znuABC on mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida SRW-OG1. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1172123. [PMID: 37065252 PMCID: PMC10090552 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1172123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychrophilic Aeromonas salmonicida could not grow above 25°C and therefore thought unable to infect mammals and humans. In our previous study, a mesophilic A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 was isolated from Epinephelus coioides with furunculosis. Through the analysis of preliminary RNA-seq, it was found that the Zn2+ uptake related genes znuA, znuB and znuC might be involved in the virulence regulation of A. salmonicida SRW-OG1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of znuABC silencing on the virulence regulation of A. salmonicida SRW-OG1. The results showed that the growth of the znuA-RNAi, znuB-RNAi, and znuC-RNAi strains was severely restricted under the Fe2+ starvation, but surprisingly there was no significant difference under the Zn2+ restriction. In the absence of Zn2+ and Fe2+, the expression level of znuABC was significantly increased. The motility, biofilm formation, adhesion and hemolysis of the znuA-RNAi, znuB-RNAi, and znuC-RNAi strains were significantly reduced. We also detected the expression of znuABC under different growth periods, temperatures, pH, as well as Cu2+ and Pb2+ stresses. The results showed that znuABC was significantly up-regulated in the logarithmic phase and the decline phase of A. salmonicida. Interestingly, the trend of expression levels of the znuABC at 18, 28, and 37°C was reversed to another Zn2+ uptake related gene zupT. Taken together, these indicated that the znuABC was necessary for A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 pathogenicity and environmental adaptability, and was cross regulated by iron starvation, but it was not irreplaceable for A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 Zn2+ uptake in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Xiu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Youyu Zhang
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