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Khzam N, Kujan O, Haubek D, Arslan A, Johansson A, Oscarsson J, Razooqi Z, Miranda LA. Prevalence of Subgingival Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Pathogens 2024; 13:531. [PMID: 39057758 PMCID: PMC11279484 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and to assess potential indicators of the risk of severe form(s) of periodontitis. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 156 consecutive patients with periodontitis was conducted. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the participants. The identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A descriptive analysis, a chi-square test, and a binary logistic regression statistical evaluation were performed. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in this population of 156 participants was 17.30% (27 patients). The prevalence of stage-III periodontitis was 75.6% and greater in older men, while the prevalence of stage-IV periodontitis was 22.4% and greater in younger women. We observed a significant relation between the risk of severe periodontitis (stage-IV) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.006), attendance at dental appointments (p ≤ 0.001), and familial history of periodontitis (p = 0.032). In conclusion, twenty-seven individuals were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Poor oral hygiene, family history of periodontitis, and irregular attendance at dental appointments were identified as potential risk factors for severe periodontitis in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Khzam
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (N.K.); (L.A.M.)
- NK Periodontics, Specialist Periodontal Private Practice, Applecross, WA 6152, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (N.K.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Jammerbugt Municipal Dental Service, Skolevej 1, DK-9460 Brovst, Denmark;
| | - Aysen Arslan
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (A.A.); (J.O.); (Z.R.)
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (A.A.); (J.O.); (Z.R.)
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (A.A.); (J.O.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zeinab Razooqi
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (A.A.); (J.O.); (Z.R.)
| | - Leticia Algarves Miranda
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (N.K.); (L.A.M.)
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Shaikh HFM, Oswal PU, Kugaji MS, Katti SS, Bhat KG, Kandaswamy E, Joshi VM. Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:105. [PMID: 38668017 PMCID: PMC11048763 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are considered the principal etiological agent in the development of periodontitis. Novel species that may contribute to periodontitis and dysbiosis have been identified recently. The study aims to evaluate the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes in healthy and diseased patients and their association with clinical parameters and with red complex bacteria. The study included 60 subjects, with 30 patients each in the healthy and periodontitis groups. The clinical parameters were noted, and samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by a polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. Results: F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). D. pneumosintes was significantly associated with T. forsythia in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Both of these organisms were present in sites with higher clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in periodontitis subjects and were detected more frequently in sites with a greater clinical attachment loss. It was also evident that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes can be present independently of other putative periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawaabi F. M. Shaikh
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi 590019, India; (H.F.M.S.); (P.U.O.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Pratima U. Oswal
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi 590019, India; (H.F.M.S.); (P.U.O.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Manohar Suresh Kugaji
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research, BLDE Deemed to be University, Vijayapura 586103, India
| | - Sandeep S. Katti
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi 590019, India; (H.F.M.S.); (P.U.O.); (S.S.K.)
| | | | - Eswar Kandaswamy
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
| | - Vinayak M. Joshi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
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Razooqi Z, Tjellström I, Höglund Åberg C, Kwamin F, Claesson R, Haubek D, Johansson A, Oscarsson J. Association of Filifactor alocis and its RTX toxin gene ftxA with periodontal attachment loss, and in synergy with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1376358. [PMID: 38596650 PMCID: PMC11002136 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1376358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium, Filifactor alocis is an oral pathogen, and approximately 50% of known strains encode a recently identified repeat-in-toxin (RTX) protein, FtxA. By assessing a longitudinal Ghanaian study population of adolescents (10-19 years of age; mean age 13.2 years), we recently discovered a possible correlation between deep periodontal pockets measured at the two-year follow-up, presence of the ftxA gene, and a high quantity of F. alocis. To further understand the contribution of F. alocis and FtxA in periodontal disease, we used qPCR in the present study to assess the carriage loads of F. alocis and the prevalence of its ftxA gene in subgingival plaque specimens, sampled at baseline from the Ghanaian cohort (n=500). Comparing these results with the recorded clinical attachment loss (CAL) longitudinal progression data from the two-year follow up, we concluded that carriers of ftxA-positive F. alocis typically exhibited higher loads of the bacterium. Moreover, high carriage loads of F. alocis and concomitant presence of the ftxA gene were two factors that were both associated with an enhanced prevalence of CAL progression. Interestingly, CAL progression appeared to be further promoted upon the simultaneous presence of F. alocis and the non-JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Taken together, our present findings are consistent with the notion that F. alocis and its ftxA gene promotes CAL during periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francis Kwamin
- Dental School University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Jammerbugt Municipal Dental Service, Brovst, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Nibali L, Stephen AS, Allaker RP, Di Pino A, Terranova V, Pisano M, Di Marca S, Ferrara V, Scicali R, Purrello F, Donos N, Regolo M, Malatino L. Associations between Host Genetic Variants and Subgingival Microbiota in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16649. [PMID: 38068972 PMCID: PMC10706808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic variants may affect oral biofilms, playing a role in the periodontitis-systemic disease axis. This is the first study to assess the associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS); 103 patients with MetS underwent medical and periodontal examinations and had blood and subgingival plaque samples taken. DNA was extracted and processed, assessing a panel of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) first (hypothesis testing) and then expanding to a discovery phase. The subgingival plaque microbiome from these patients was profiled. Analysis of associations between host genetic and microbial factors was performed and stratified for periodontal diagnosis. Specific SNPs within RUNX2, CAMTA1 and VDR genes were associated with diversity metrics with no genome-wide associations detected for periodontitis severity or Mets components at p < 10-7. Severe periodontitis was associated with pathogenic genera and species. Some SNPs correlated with specific bacterial genera as well as with microbial taxa, notably VDR (rs12717991) with Streptococcus mutans and RUNX2 (rs3749863) with Porphyromonas gingivalis. In conclusion, variation in host genotypes may play a role in the dysregulated immune responses characterizing periodontitis and thus the oral microbiome, suggesting that systemic health-associated host traits further interact with oral health and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Abish S. Stephen
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK; (A.S.S.); (R.P.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Robert P. Allaker
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK; (A.S.S.); (R.P.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (R.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Valentina Terranova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (M.R.)
| | - Marcella Pisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (M.R.)
| | - Salvatore Di Marca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (M.R.)
| | - Viviana Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (R.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (R.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (R.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK; (A.S.S.); (R.P.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Matteo Regolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (M.R.)
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (M.R.)
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Kim SH, Kang IC. Induction of TNF-α by Filifactor alocis in THP-1 macrophagic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105806. [PMID: 37729700 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Filifactor alocis is an emerging periodontal pathogen, and macrophage-produced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays important roles in periodontal pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated F. alocis-stimulated TNF-α production in THP-1 macrophagic cells. DESIGN Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated THP-1 macrophagic cells were challenged with F. alocis ATCC 35896 for various durations. TNF-α mRNA expression and protein secretion were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Activation of protein kinases and transcription factor proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Live F. alocis stimulated THP-1 cells to produce TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. However, glutaraldehyde-killed or heat-killed F. alocis showed no effectiveness for TNF-α induction. In contrast, both live and killed Porphyromonas gingivalis robustly increased TNF-α expression. Furthermore, F. alocis was unable to stimulate TNF-α expression in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) knockout THP-1 cells. F. alocis activated all three mitogen-activated protein kinases: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Pharmacological inhibition of ERK and JNK, but not p38, significantly reduced F. alocis-induced TNF-α production. Finally, increased levels of phospho-c-Jun were detected in F. alocis-stimulated THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that F. alocis induces TNF-α production in THP-1 macrophagic cells primarily by activating the TLR2, JNK, and c-Jun pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, the Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chol Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, the Republic of Korea.
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Claesson R, Johansson A, Belibasakis GN. Age-Related Subgingival Colonization of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Parvimonas micra-A Pragmatic Microbiological Retrospective Report. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1434. [PMID: 37374936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare data about the prevalence and proportions of the bacterial species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Parvimonas micra in periodontitis pocket samples collected from young, <35 years, and old, >35-year-old patients, YP and OP, respectively. The results from the analyses of a total of 3447 subgingival plaque samples analyzed for clinical diagnosis purposes by cultivation regarding the proportions of these species were collected from a database and elucidated. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was found to be more than twice as high (OR = 2.96, 95% CI; 2.50-3.50) in samples from the younger (42.2%) than the older group (20.4%) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of P. micra was significantly lower in samples from the younger age group (OR = 0.43, 95%) (p < 0.001), whereas P. gingivalis was similarly distributed (OR = 0.78, 95%) in the two age groups (p = 0.006). A similar pattern was noticed for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis when high proportions (>50%) of the samples of these bacterial species were elucidated. In contrast, the proportion of samples containing >50% with P. micra was lower compared with the two other bacterial species. Furthermore, it was noted that the proportion of samples from old patients containing A. actinomycetemcomitans in combination with P. micra was almost three times higher than in samples when P. micra was replaced by P. gingivalis. In conclusion, A.actinomycetemcomitans showed an increased presence and proportion in samples from young patients compared with the old patients, while P. gingivalis was similarly distributed in the two age groups. P. micra showed an increased presence and proportion in samples from old patients compared with the young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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