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Fernandes LD, Vasconcelos ABI, Lobo Júnior AR, Rosado GL, Bento CBP. Effects of different additives on cattle feed intake and performance - a systematic review and meta-analysis. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230172. [PMID: 38896738 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural feed additives in animal feed. These can be used as replacements for antibiotics, to alter rumen fermentation and increase feed efficiency in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding different feed additives in the diet of beef and dairy cattle on their performance, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. The systematic review suggested 43 peer-reviewed publications, according to the pre-established criteria. In beef cattle, the ionophore antibiotics reduced the DMI, improved the feed efficiency without interfering in the average daily gain (ADG). Non-ionophore antibiotics and propolis extract increased the ADG. In dairy cattle, the ionophores, yeast-based additives, and enzyme additives increased the feed efficiency, DMI, and daily milk production (MY), respectively. Essential oil supplementation in beef and dairy cattle had no effect on the feed intake and animal performance. The systematic review and meta-analysis allowed us to conclude that different feed additives have different effects on cattle performance, however, our results suggest that there are a few gaps regarding their effects on animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila D Fernandes
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rodovia MG 367, 5000, Alto do Jacuba, 39100-000 Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra B I Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Avenida Universitária, 1000, 38610-000 Unaí, MG, Brazil
| | - Adalfredo R Lobo Júnior
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Avenida Universitária, 1000, 38610-000 Unaí, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L Rosado
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Avenida Universitária, 1000, 38610-000 Unaí, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B P Bento
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Avenida Universitária, 1000, 38610-000 Unaí, MG, Brazil
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He J, Li J, Gao Q, Shen W, Liu W, Xia M, Xiao H, Xiao D. In Vitro Evaluation of Chito-Oligosaccharides on Disappearance Rate of Nutrients, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Micro-Flora of Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1657. [PMID: 38891704 PMCID: PMC11170994 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) meal levels on the nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microflora of beef cattle in vitro. A total of 24 fermentation tanks were randomly divided into four treatments containing 0% COS (CON), 0.02% COS, 0.04% COS, and 0.08% COS for an 8-day experiment period, with each treatment comprising six replicates. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and total gas production were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and ADF were greatest, whereas the total gas production was lowest in the 0.08% COS group. The pH, NH3-N, MCP, the content of propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, valerate, and the A/P were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels, while the A/P were linearly decreased. The pH, MCP, and the content of propionate, and butyrate were highest, whereas the NH3-N and the content of acetate, isobutyrate, valerate, and the A/P were lowest in the 0.08% COS group. Microbiomics analysis showed that the rumen microbial diversity was not altered between the CON and the 0.08% COS group. However, the relative abundance of Methanosphaera, Ruminococcus, Endomicrobium, and Eubacterium groups was increased, and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Dorea and Escherichia-Shigella showed a decrease in the 0.08% COS group. Overall, the 0.08% COS was the most effective among the three addition levels, resulting in an increase in the disappearance rate of in vitro fermented nutrients and improvements in rumen fermentation indexes and microbial communities. This, in turn, led to the maintenance of rumen health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenchang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Min Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
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Duan P, Rehemujiang H, Zhang L, Lu M, Li C, Hu L, Wang Y, Diao Q, Xu G. Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) Branches and Leaves Enhance the Growth Performance and Improve the Rumen Microbiota in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1610. [PMID: 38891656 PMCID: PMC11171408 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lycium barbarum branches and leaves (LBL) are known to contain a range of active substances that have positive effects on animal immunity and antioxidation. This study aimed to examine how LBL impacts the growth and slaughter performance as well as rumen fermentation and microbiota in Hu sheep. A total of 50 male Hu sheep of indigenous origin, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 sheep each. The groups were given different levels of LBL supplementation (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) to evaluate growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility. Rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of the fermentation parameters and rumen chyme was examined to study the rumen microbiota. The slaughter performance, meat quality, and organ index were evaluated at the conclusion of the experiment. The results showed that the final body weight and average daily gain of the LBL1 group were significantly higher than those of the CON group, LBL3 group, and LBL4 group (p < 0.05). The average dry matter intake of the LBL4 group was significantly lower than that of other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of CP in the LBL1 and LBL2 groups was higher than that in other experimental groups (p < 0.05). At the same time, the eye muscle area and grade-rule (GR) value of Hu sheep in the LBL1 group significantly increased and the quality of Hu sheep meat improved (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in organ weight and organ index between the experimental groups (p > 0.05). The pH of the rumen fluid in the LBL1 group was significantly lower than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the NH3-N content between the experimental groups (p > 0.05). The propionate and valerate in the rumen fluid of Hu sheep in the LBL2 group were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups (p < 0.05). In addition, this had no significant effect on the structure and abundance of the rumen microbiota (p > 0.05). LBL is a promising functional feed. Adding an appropriate amount of LBL to the diet can improve the feed efficiency, growth performance, and meat quality of Hu sheep but has no adverse effects on the rumen. In this experiment, the appropriate supplemental level of LBL in the diet was 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Halidai Rehemujiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lidong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Mulong Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Changchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lihong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Youli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Institute of Feed Research, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;
| | - Guishan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (P.D.); (H.R.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (C.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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Huang J, Sheng Y, Xue P, Yu D, Guan P, Ren J, Qian W. Patterns of Spatial Variation in Rumen Microbiology, Histomorphology, and Fermentation Parameters in Tarim wapiti ( Cervus elaphus yarkandensis). Microorganisms 2024; 12:216. [PMID: 38276201 PMCID: PMC10820752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The rumen is divided into multiple rumen sacs based on anatomical structure, and each has its unique physiological environment. Tarim wapiti preserved roughage tolerance after domestication, and adaptation to the desertified environment led to the development of a unique rumen shape and intraruminal environment. In this work, six Tarim wapiti were chosen and tested for fermentation parameters, microbes, and histomorphology in four rumen areas (Dorsal sac, DS; Ventral sac, VS; Caudodorsal blind sac, CDBS; Caudoventral blind sac, CVBS). Tarim wapiti's rumen blind sac had better developed rumen histomorphology, the ventral sac was richer in VFAs, and the dominant bacteria varied most notably in the phylum Firmicutes, which was enriched in the caudoventral blind sac. The ventral sac biomarkers focused on carbohydrate fermentation-associated bacteria, the dorsal sac focused on N recycling, and the caudoventral blind sac identified the only phylum-level bacterium, Firmicutes; we were surprised to find a probiotic bacterium, Bacillus clausii, identified as a biomarker in the ventral sac. This research provides a better understanding of rumen fermentation parameters, microorganisms, and histomorphology in the Tarim wapiti rumen within a unique ecological habitat, laying the groundwork for future regulation targeting the rumen microbiota and subsequent animal production improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Yueyun Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Pengfei Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Donghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Peng Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Jiangang Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Wenxi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science & Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
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