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Lazzem A, Lekired A, Ouzari HI, Landoulsi A, Chatti A, El May A. Isolation and characterization of a newly chrysene-degrading Achromobacter aegrifaciens. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:857-869. [PMID: 37851202 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered substances of potential human health hazards because of their resistance to biodegradation and carcinogenic index. Chrysene is a PAH with a high molecular weight (HMW) that poses challenges for its elimination from the environment. However, bacterial degradation is an effective, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective solution. In our study, we isolated a potential chrysene-degrading bacteria from crude oil-contaminated seawater (Bizerte, Tunisia). Based on 16SrRNA analysis, the isolate S5 was identified as Achromobacter aegrifaciens. Furthermore, the results revealed that A. aegrifaciens S5 produced a biofilm on polystyrene at 20 °C and 30 °C, as well as at the air-liquid (A-L) interface. Moreover, this isolate was able to swim and produce biosurfactants with an emulsification activity (E24%) over 53%. Chrysene biodegradation by isolate S5 was clearly assessed by an increase in the total viable count. Confirmation was obtained via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. A. aegrifaciens S5 could use chrysene as its sole carbon and energy source, exhibiting an 86% degradation of chrysene on day 7. In addition, the bacterial counts reached their highest level, over 25 × 1020 CFU/mL, under the conditions of pH 7.0, a temperature of 30 °C, and a rotary speed of 120 rpm. Based on our findings, A. aegrifaciens S5 can be a potential candidate for bioremediation in HMW-PAH-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Lazzem
- Laboratory of Risks Related to Environmental Stresses: Fight and Prevention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelmalek Lekired
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Laboratory of Risks Related to Environmental Stresses: Fight and Prevention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratory of Risks Related to Environmental Stresses: Fight and Prevention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Alya El May
- Laboratory of Risks Related to Environmental Stresses: Fight and Prevention, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Poddar K, Sarkar D, Bhoi R, Sarkar A. Biotransformation of diclofenac by isolated super-degrader Pseudomonas sp. DCα4: Postulated pathways, and attenuated ecotoxicological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123388. [PMID: 38242311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Significant concentrations of emerging xenobiotics, like diclofenac (DCF), possessing severe irreversible eco-toxicological threats, has been detected in aquatic systems worldwide, raising the concerns. This present investigation is intended to explore an efficient solution to support the existing wastewater treatment policies to handle DCF contamination by bacteria-mediated biotransformation. DCF-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater and selected based on their non-virulence nature and degradation ability. Among those, Pseudomonas sp. DCα4 was found to be the most dominant DCF degrader exhibiting 99.82% removal of DCF confirmed by HPLC after optimization of temperature at 30.02 °C, pH at 6.9, inoculum of 4.94%, and time 68.02 h. The degradation kinetics exhibited the process of DCF degradation followed a first-order kinetics with k of 0.108/h and specific degradation rate of 0.013/h. Moreover, the enzyme activity study indicated predominant hydrolase activity in the DCF treatment broth of DCα4, implying hydrolysis as the main force behind DCF biotransformation. HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 1,3-dichloro,2-amino, 5-hydroxybenzene, and benzylacetic acid as major intermediates of DCF biodegradation indicating non-specific hydrolysis of DCF. Whole genome analysis of most related strains which were confirmed by near full 16S rRNA gene sequence homology study, predicted involvement of different N-C bond hydrolase producing genes like puud, atzF, astB, nit1, and nylB. The ecotoxicological study using Aliivibrio fischeri exhibited 47.51% bioluminescence inhibition by DCF-containing broth which was comparable to the same caused by 1 mg/mL of K2Cr2O7 whereas remediated broth exhibited only 0.51% inhibition implying reduction of the ecotoxic load caused by DCF contamination. Cost analysis revealed that possible integration of the process with existing ones would increase per litre expense by $0.45. These results indicated that the described process of DCF biodegradation using the super-degrader DCα4 would be an advancement of existing pharmaceutical wastewater treatment processes for DCF bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Poddar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Debapriya Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Renupama Bhoi
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Tyumina E, Bazhutin G, Kostrikina N, Sorokin V, Mulyukin A, Ivshina I. Phenotypic and metabolic adaptations of Rhodococcus cerastii strain IEGM 1243 to separate and combined effects of diclofenac and ibuprofen. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275553. [PMID: 38125575 PMCID: PMC10730942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The increasing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has raised concerns regarding their environmental impact. To address this, understanding the effects of NSAIDs on bacteria is crucial for bioremediation efforts in pharmaceutical-contaminated environments. The primary challenge in breaking down persistent compounds lies not in the biochemical pathways but in capacity of bacteria to surmount stressors. Methods In this study, we examined the biodegradative activity, morphological and physiological changes, and ultrastructural adaptations of Rhodococcus cerastii strain IEGM 1243 when exposed to ibuprofen, diclofenac, and their mixture. Results and Discussion Our findings revealed that R. cerastii IEGM 1243 exhibited moderate biodegradative activity towards the tested NSAIDs. Cellular respiration assay showed higher metabolic activity in the presence of NSAIDs, indicating their influence on bacterial metabolism. Furthermore, catalase activity in R. cerastii IEGM 1243 exposed to NSAIDs showed an initial decrease followed by fluctuations, with the most significant changes observed in the presence of DCF and the NSAID mixture, likely influenced by bacterial growth phases, active NSAID degradation, and the formation of multicellular aggregates, suggesting potential intercellular synergy and task distribution within the bacterial community. Morphometric analysis demonstrated alterations in size, shape, and surface roughness of cells exposed to NSAIDs, with a decrease in surface area and volume, and an increase in surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/V). Moreover, for the first time, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of lipid inclusions, polyphosphates, and intracellular membrane-like structures in the ibuprofen-treated cells. Conclusion These results provide valuable insights into the adaptive responses of R. cerastii IEGM 1243 to NSAIDs, shedding light on the possible interaction between bacteria and pharmaceutical compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tyumina
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Grigory Bazhutin
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Kostrikina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sorokin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Mulyukin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Ivshina
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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Elarabi NI, Abdelhadi AA, Nassrallah AA, Mohamed MSM, Abdelhaleem HAR. Biodegradation of isoproturon by Escherichia coli expressing a Pseudomonas putida catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene. AMB Express 2023; 13:101. [PMID: 37751014 PMCID: PMC10522561 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenylurea herbicides are persistent in soil and water, necessitating the creation of methods for removing them from the environment. This study aimed to examine the soil microbial diversity, searching for local bacterial isolates able to efficiently degrade the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (IPU). The best isolates able to effectively degrade IPU were selected, characterized, and identified as Pseudomonas putida and Acinetobacter johnsonii. The catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase enzyme's catA gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in E. coli M15. The Expressed E. coli showed high degradation efficiency (44.80%) as analyzed by HPLC after 15 days of inoculation in comparison to P. putida (21.60%). The expression of the catA gene in P. putida and expressed E. coli was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results displayed a significant increase in the mRNA levels of the catA gene by increasing the incubation time with IPU. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mass spectrometry analysis revealed that three intermediate metabolites, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-methylurea (MDIPU), 4-Isopropylaniline (4-IA) and 1-(4-isopropylphenyl) urea (DDIPU) were generated by both P. putida and expressed E. coli. In addition, IPU-induced catA activity was detected in both P. putida and expressed E. coli. The supernatant of both P. putida and expressed E. coli had a significant influence on weed growth. The study clearly exhibited that P. putida and expressed E. coli were capable of metabolizing IPU influentially and thus could be utilized for bioremediation and biodegradation technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I Elarabi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi A Abdelhadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Amr A Nassrallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Basic Applied Science institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg El- Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S M Mohamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Heba A R Abdelhaleem
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6(th) October City, Egypt
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