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Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AD, Palumbo I, Trilli I, Guglielmo M, Mancini A, Palermo A, Inchingolo AM, Dipalma G. The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1055. [PMID: 38256127 PMCID: PMC10816971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cesarean section (CS) delivery and intestinal microbiota is increasingly studied. CS-born infants display distinct gut microbial compositions due to the absence of maternal birth canal microorganisms. These alterations potentially link to long-term health implications like immune-related disorders and allergies. This correlation underscores the intricate connection between birth mode and the establishment of diverse intestinal microbiota. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by analyzing the articles and examining the intricate interactions between CS delivery and the infant's intestinal microbiota. The analysis, based on a wide-ranging selection of studies, elucidates the multifaceted dynamics involved in CS-associated shifts in the establishment of fetal microbiota. We also explore the potential ramifications of these microbial changes on neonatal health and development, providing a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers. By synthesizing current findings, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between delivery mode and early microbial colonization, paving the way for informed clinical decisions and future investigations in the field of perinatal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Irene Palumbo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Irma Trilli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Mariafrancesca Guglielmo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (I.P.); (I.T.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.M.I.); (G.D.)
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