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Du J, Wang Y, Su S, Wang W, Guo T, Hu Y, Yin N, An X, Qi J, Xu X. Supplementation with Complex Phytonutrients Enhances Rumen Barrier Function and Growth Performance of Lambs by Regulating Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:228. [PMID: 39858228 PMCID: PMC11758348 DOI: 10.3390/ani15020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Complex phytonutrients (CPS) have attracted extensive interest due to their anti-inflammatory effects. This investigation focused on the impact of CPS on rumen health in lambs on high-concentrate diets, emphasizing growth performance, ruminal fermentation, epithelial barrier integrity, ruminal metabolism, and microbial communities. A total of 54 lambs, 3 months old and with a 30.42 ± 0.54 kg body weight, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with six replicates per treatment and three lambs per replicate. The lambs received a basal diet (the ratio of concentrate to forage was 75:25) without CPS supplementation (CON) or with the inclusion of 2.5 g/kg (CPS2.5) or 5.0 g/kg CPS (CPS5.0) for a total of 60 days. The CPS groups exhibited increased growth performance and improved rumen fermentation parameters. Mechanistically, CPS enhanced rumen epithelial barrier function, thereby lowering inflammation and inhibiting the overactivation of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and the effect of CPS5.0 was better than that of CPS2.5. Notably, CPS5.0 could optimize the composition of rumen microbiota and increase the levels of Ursolic acid and other metabolites. The strong associations between rumen bacteria and health-related indicators and differential metabolites were further highlighted. Our findings suggest that adding CPS to lambs' diets has widespread positive impacts, including improved growth performance, reduced inflammation and mRNA relative expression of apoptosis-related genes, enhanced barrier function, and beneficial changes in the rumen microbiome and metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shaohui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yuchao Hu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Na Yin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (J.D.); (S.S.); (W.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.); (X.A.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Integrated Research Platform of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy-Breeding and Production Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66061, USA
- 1DATA Consortium, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
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Jiang H, Wang H, Jia H, Liu Y, Pan Y, Zhong X, Huo J, Zhan J. Early Weaning Impairs the Growth Performance of Hu Lambs Through Damaging Intestinal Morphology and Disrupting Serum Metabolite Homeostasis. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:113. [PMID: 39795056 PMCID: PMC11718915 DOI: 10.3390/ani15010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early weaning (EW) on the growth performance, gastrointestinal development, serum parameters, and metabolomics of Hu sheep lambs. Twenty-four male Hu lambs were initially ewe-reared. A total of 12 lambs were weaned at 30 d of age (D30) as the EW group, and the remaining 12 lambs were weaned at 45 d of age (D45) as the control (CON) group. Serum samples were collected from six lambs per treatment on D30, D33, D36, and D45, and the lambs were slaughtered on D45 to collect the rumen and small intestine. The results showed that, compared with the CON group, the average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (p < 0.001), as well as average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lambs in the EW group significantly decreased in the first (p = 0.004) and second (p = 0.013) 5 days of treatment. Additionally, EW increased the ruminal weight and papillae length but reduced the duodenal villus height on D45 (p < 0.05). As for the serum parameters, the concentrations of glucose on D33, D36, and D45 (p < 0.001), and the IL-6 content on D45 (p = 0.018) were observed to be lower, while the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) (p = 0.027), IgG (p = 0.035), and IgM (p = 0.002) on the four ages were all higher in the EW group than those in CON group. Additionally, both treatment and age interactively affected the levels of GLU (p = 0.001), TP (p = 0.041), and IL-6 (p = 0.016). Additionally, the serum metabolomics analysis on D45 showed that the contents of 5-HT and arachidonic acid were increased, while L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-glutamic acid were reduced in the EW group (p < 0.05). These differential metabolites were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including inflammatory mediator regulation, protein digestion and absorption, and phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis. The current results identify that EW at D30 decreased the growth performance (ADG and ADFI) of Hu lambs within two weeks post-weaning, which might be associated with impaired duodenal morphology and glucose metabolism. The serum metabolomics analysis revealed that EW altered the concentrations of 5-HT, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and arachidonic acid, which could serve as potential regulatory targets for modulating the health of EW Hu lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Haobin Jia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Junhong Huo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinshun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (H.J.); (H.W.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
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Liu T, Luo Z, Zhang T, Chen H, Yi X, Hu J, Shi B, An Y, Cui C, Wang X. Effects of Oregano Essential Oil and/or Yeast Cultures on the Rumen Microbiota of Crossbred Simmental Calves. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3710. [PMID: 39765614 PMCID: PMC11672635 DOI: 10.3390/ani14243710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
This study hypothesized that combining oregano essential oil (OEO) and yeast cultures (YCs) would modulate rumen microbiota to promote gastrointestinal homeostasis and function. Twenty-four newborn, healthy, disease-free, crossbred Simmental male calves (birth weight ≥ 35 kg) were assigned to one of four treatments based on birth data. Treatments were as follows: (1) Control (CON), calves fed calf starter without additives; (2) OEO, calves fed calf starter containing 60 mg/kg body weight (BW) of OEO per day; (3) YCs, calves fed calf starter containing 45 mg/kg BW of YC per day; and (4) MIX, calves fed calf starter with OEO (60 mg/kg, BW) and YC (45 mg/kg, BW) combination. The experimental period lasted 70 days. Rumen fluid was collected on the final day, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to assess alterations in rumen microbiota. Calves fed MIX exhibited significantly greater microbial richness, species diversity, and lineage diversity (p < 0.05) compared with calves in the other groups. MIX-fed calves also showed changes (p < 0.05) in the relative abundance of certain rumen species, identified as through LEfSe analysis (LDA > 4, p < 0.05). These biomarkers included f_Rikenellaceae, g_Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, g_Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002, c_Saccharimonadia, o_Saccharimonadales, f_Saccharimonadaceae, and g_Candidatus_Saccharimonas. Pathways enriched (p < 0.05) in MIX-fed calves involved nucleotide metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, terpenoids and polyketides metabolism, antimicrobial drug resistance, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, antineoplastic drug resistance, and excretory system pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the OEO and YC combination enhances rumen microbial community modulation in calves more effectively than OEO or YCs fed individually or with the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
- Linxia Beef Industry Development Research Institute, Linxia 731100, China
| | - Zhihao Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuejiao Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
- Linxia Beef Industry Development Research Institute, Linxia 731100, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
- Linxia Beef Industry Development Research Institute, Linxia 731100, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuxi An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Changze Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (B.S.); (Y.A.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
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Li H, Pan C, Wang F, Li Z, Shahzad K, Huang Y, Zhao W. Multi-omics reveals the effects of dietary supplementation with Bupleuri radix branch powder on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism: insights into gut microbial-muscle interactions. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0145724. [PMID: 39436132 PMCID: PMC11619355 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01457-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving livestock growth and raising the quality of livestock products have attracted much attention owing to the market's growing need for livestock products. Bupleuri Radix branches powder (BR) has a variety of health characteristics, but its effects on ruminant growth and animal product quality are still uncertain. This study explored the effects of BR on growth performance, health status, gut microbiota, and muscle lipid metabolism of Shaanxi fine-wool sheep (SFS), and examined the interaction between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism through correlation analysis. The results indicated that BR can regulate the immune function, intestinal VFAs, and enzyme activity of FSF by improving the gut microbiota, thereby affecting its muscle lipid metabolism. The lipid metabolite TG showed a strong positive correlation with the gut microbes Bacteroides and Fibrobacter, while Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidyl serine (PE and PS) showed a significant negative correlation with Fibrobacter. The above results indicate that gut microbiota and lipid metabolites interact with each other. BR has the effects of promoting SFS growth, improving body health, and improving meat quality. These findings offer new insights into improve animal growth performance and livestock product quality in modern farming. IMPORTANCE Enhancing livestock growth performance and improving meat quality are important guidelines for the development of the current animal husbandry industry; thus, we explored a comprehensive study of Bupleuri Radix (BR) on growth performance, gut microbiology, and muscle lipid metabolism in Shaanxi fine-wool sheep (SFS). Our research has found that BR could improve the growth performance of SFS and meat quality by affecting gut microbes. This study provides new solutions to improve the economic efficiency of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zengkai Li
- Shenmu Livestock Development Center, Yulin, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
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Liu X, Yang J, Yan Y, Wang K, Guo C. Effects of yeast peptides on the growth, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, immune function, and diarrhea status of suckling calves. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1454839. [PMID: 39450408 PMCID: PMC11499939 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1454839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast peptides, which are small-molecule active peptides extracted from yeast proteins, are known for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of yeast peptide on suckling calves remain unclear. In this study, the effects of yeast peptide supplementation on the growth, diarrhea incidence, and immune function of calves during the suckling period were determined. Thirty newborn calves were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) and the treatment group (AP), which received fresh pasteurized milk supplemented with yeast peptides (5 g/day). The experiment lasted for 49 days (7-56 days of age). The dry matter intake, body weight, diarrhea status, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of the calves were analyzed. The AP group had higher dry matter intake, daily weight gain, and feed efficiency than the CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the duration and frequency of diarrhea were significantly lower in the AP group than in the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the immune, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P < 0.05). These findings provide valuable insights for the improvement of early health management during calf rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexian Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Jinzhong Vocational and Technical College, Jinzhong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiashu Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Jinzhong Vocational and Technical College, Jinzhong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yibo Yan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Jinzhong Vocational and Technical College, Jinzhong, China
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Fan J, Cui H, Mu Z, Yao C, Yang M, Jin Y, Ning C, Zhang H. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of fermented traditional Chinese medicine and its impact on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and intestinal microbiome of weaned lambs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20385. [PMID: 39223216 PMCID: PMC11369253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been identified as a low-cost and promising feed additive to to alleviate weaning stress in young livestock and poultry effectively. This study investigated the impact of probiotic fermentation on the metabolite content of BanQi (Radix Isatidis and Astragalus membranaceus) extract while also examined the effects of both fermented-BanQi (FBQ) and unfermented-BanQi (UBQ) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, intestinal villi, and gut microbiota in weaned lambs. This study demonstrated that compared with UBQ, FBQ contained significantly higher levels of free amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine and isoleucine), short peptides (e.g., Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln and Gly-Leu), and the active ingredients (e.g., vindesine and reserpine) (P < 0.05). The addition of FBQ to the diet significantly increased the final body weight and average daily gain of weaned lambs (P < 0.05). In addition, FBQ significantly increased the total protein level in the serum and the villus length of the jejunum and ileum in lambs, while significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea (P < 0.05). Sequencing of the intestinal flora showed that FBQ improved the diversity of intestinal flora and promoted the enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the lamb intestine, such as Mogibacterium and Butyrivibrio, compared to NC or UBQ groups (P < 0.05). Fermentation with Bacillus subtilis can enhance the content of free amino acids, peptides, and active ingredients in BanQi extract, making it an effective method to improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Adding FBQ to the diet can improve the growth performance of weaned lambs, and its mechanism may be related to increasing the height of intestinal villi and increasing the diversity of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiying Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chunxiao Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mingfan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory for Study and Evaluation of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yue Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Key Laboratory for Study and Evaluation of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Manafu Z, Du R, Malajiang X, Abulikemu G, Xue L, Bierdelieke A, Xie Y, Liu D, Mai Z, Guo Q, Wusiman A, Li B, Abula S. Effects of Alhagi maurorum Medik polysaccharide derived from different regions on the intestinal immune functions of lambs. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1422461. [PMID: 39076595 PMCID: PMC11284127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1422461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Plant polysaccharide are widely studied as potential prebiotics because of their potential to protect and enhance the immunity of lambs. Methods: In this study, the polysaccharide content of Alhagi maurorum Medik from Aksu (AK) and Shanshan (SS) at different cutting periods was determined, and the functions of Alhagi maurorum Medik polysaccharide were investigated to useas an immunomodulator. Results: Our results indicated that the content of Alhagi maurorum Medik polysaccharide is the highest at the maturity stage, and the polysaccharide content of Alhagi maurorum Medik produced in Shanshan area is higher as compared to the Aksu area. The serum IgG, duodenum IgA, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 contents, jejunum IgA, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17 contents, ileum IgA, IL-17 contents, duodenum villus height, crypt depth and jejunum crypt depth of lambs were significantly adjusted in the SS group as compared to CK control group and AK groups (p < 0.05). Furthemore, the sequencing results showed that SS polysaccharide promoted the release of large amounts of IgA and enhanced the immunal function of intestine by regulating the IgA production pathway and B-cell receptor signaling to activate B cells in the T-dependent pathway. Discussion: Altogether, Alhagi maurorum Medik polysaccharide from SS group holds a promising potential to be used as a valuable immunopotentiator for optimizing the immune system of intestine in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulikeyan Manafu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ronglijiao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xieraili Malajiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gulimire Abulikemu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ayibike Bierdelieke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhanhai Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingyong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Saifuding Abula
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Fan J, Li C, Han W, Wu F, Fan H, Fan D, Liu Y, Gu Z, Wang Y, Chen S, Chen B. Yeast peptides alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier damage in rabbits involving Toll-like receptor signaling pathway modulation and gut microbiota regulation. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393434. [PMID: 38988982 PMCID: PMC11233764 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yeast peptides have garnered attention as valuable nutritional modifiers due to their potential health benefits. However, the precise mechanisms underlying their effects remain elusive. This study aims to explore the potential of yeast peptides, when added to diets, to mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage and microbiota alterations in rabbits. Methods A total of 160 35-day-old Hyla line rabbits (0.96 ± 0.06 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. These groups constituted a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: basal diet (CON), 100 mg/kg yeast peptide diet (YP), LPS challenge + basal diet (LPS), LPS challenge +100 mg/kg yeast peptide diet (L-YP). The experiment spanned 35 days, encompassing a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 28-day formal trial. Results The results indicated that yeast peptides mitigated the intestinal barrier damage induced by LPS, as evidenced by a significant reduction in serum Diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid levels in rabbits in the L-YP group compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the jejunum, the L-YP group exhibited a significantly higher villus height compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). In comparison to the LPS group, the L-YP rabbits significantly upregulated the expression of Claudin-1, Occludin-1 and ZO-1 in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the YP group significantly reduced the levels of rabbit jejunal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and decreased the relative mRNA expression of jejunal signaling pathway-associated inflammatory factors such as TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and IL-1β (p < 0.05). Additionally, notable changes in the hindgut also included the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of the YP group was significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). 16S RNA sequencing revealed a substantial impact of yeast peptides on the composition of the cecal microbiota. Correlation analyses indicated potential associations of specific gut microbiota with jejunal inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, and SCFA. Conclusion In conclusion, yeast peptides have shown promise in mitigating LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage in rabbits through their anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of the gut microbiota, and maintenance of intestinal tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenxiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongfeng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Zilin Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Agricultural Comprehensive Management Detachment of Tangshan City, Tangshan, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Liu S, Yang L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li X, Xu Z, Du R, Li X, Ma J, Liu D. Review of yeast culture concerning the interactions between gut microbiota and young ruminant animals. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1335765. [PMID: 38496306 PMCID: PMC10940410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1335765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and regulate body metabolism by maintaining intestinal health. The state of gastrointestinal health is influenced not only by the macro-level factors of optimal development and the physiological structure integrity but also by the delicate equilibrium between the intestinal flora and immune status at the micro-level. Abrupt weaning in young ruminants causes incomplete development of the intestinal tract resulting in an unstable and unformed microbiota. Abrupt weaning also induced damages to the microecological homeostasis of the intestinal tract, resulting in the intestinal infections and diseases, such as diarrhea. Recently, nutritional and functional yeast culture has been researched to tackle these problems. Herein, we summarized current known interactions between intestinal microorganisms and the body of young ruminants, then we discussed the regulatory effects of using yeast culture as a feed supplement. Yeast culture is a microecological preparation that contains yeast, enriched with yeast metabolites and other nutrient-active components, including β-glucan, mannan, digestive enzymes, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and some other unknown growth factors. It stimulates the proliferation of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and the reproduction of intestinal microorganisms by providing special nutrient substrates to support the intestinal function. Additionally, the β-glucan and mannan effectively stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity, promote immune response, activate macrophages, and increase acid phosphatase levels, thereby improving the body's resistance to several disease. The incorporation of yeast culture into young ruminants' diet significantly alleviated the damage caused by weaning stress to the gastrointestinal tract which also acts an effective strategy to promote the balance of intestinal flora, development of intestinal tissue, and establishment of mucosal immune system. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the application of yeast culture in the diet of young ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dacheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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