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Ghosh AK, Hasanuzzaman AFM, Sarower MG, Islam MR, Huq KA. Unveiling the biofloc culture potential: Harnessing immune functions for resilience of shrimp and resistance against AHPND -causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109710. [PMID: 38901683 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In shrimp aquaculture, disease mitigation may be accomplished by reducing the virulence of the pathogen or by boosting the shrimp's immunity. Biofloc technology is an innovative system that improves the health and resistance of shrimp to microbial infections while providing a viable option for maintaining the quality of culture water through efficient nutrient recycling. This review aimed at demonstrating the efficacy of the biofloc system in boosting the immune responses and protective processes of shrimp against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, which is known to cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND). Numerous studies have revealed that the biofloc system promotes the immunological capability of shrimp by raising multiple immune -related genes e.g. prophenoloxidase, serine proteinase gene, ras-related nuclear gene and penaeidinexpression and cellular and humoral responses such as hyperaemia, prophenoloxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, phagocytic activity; the protection and survival of shrimp when faced with a challenge from the V. parahaemolyticus strain have been enhanced. Furthermore, the use of the biofloc system improves water quality parameters and potentially bolstering their immune and overall health to effectively resist diseases; hence, promotes the growth of shrimp. The present review suggests that biofloc can serve as an effective therapy for both preventing and supporting the management of probable AHPND infection in shrimp culture. This approach exhibits potential for the progress of sustainable shrimp farming, higher productivity, and improved shrimp health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Md Golam Sarower
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Khandaker Anisul Huq
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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2
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Picoli F, de Oliveira AD, Marques SO, Terhorst DC, Serafini S, Nora L, Neves FF, Emerenciano MGC, Lopes DLA, da Silva AS, Fabregat TEHP. A biofloc system avoids the adverse effects of diets with suboptimal protein levels on zootechnical performance, intestinal histomorphometry, and protein metabolism of Nile tilapia juvenile fed Spirulina biomass (Arthrospira platensis) as an alternative protein source. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1605-1620. [PMID: 38739221 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the biofloc technology (BFT) system and the replacement of fish meal with Spirulina biomass on productive performance, intestinal histomorphometry, plasma biochemistry, and oxidative stress of Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus) fed suboptimal levels of protein. Two factors were evaluated: production systems (clear water × BFT) and replacement of fish meal with Spirulina (0, 33, 66 e 100%). The design was in a 2 × 4 randomized factorial scheme with four replications, and the fish were evaluated for 48 days. Four isoproteic (28% crude protein) diets were formulated with gross energy values close to 4300 kcal kg-1. Nile tilapia juveniles (0.23 ± 0.01 g) were distributed in 16 circular tanks (70 L) at seven fish/tank. The diets were formulated with protein levels approximately 20% below that required for the species and life stage. No interaction was observed between the factors evaluated (production systems × Spirulina inclusion). Rearing the fish in the BFT system avoided the adverse effects of diets with suboptimal protein levels on performance, intestinal histomorphometry, and protein metabolism. Lower values lower lipid peroxidation and higher antioxidant capacity were observed in fish reared in the BFT system, showing evidence of improvements in antioxidant responses and lower levels of physiological oxidative stress. Spirulina completely replaced fish meal in the diets of Nile tilapia juveniles without adverse effects on intestinal morphometry, protein metabolism, and antioxidant response. Replacing 66% of fish meal with Spirulina improved the productive performance, regardless of the rearing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Picoli
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, Agroveterinary Science Center (CAV), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alana D de Oliveira
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Suelyn O Marques
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Deise C Terhorst
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Suélen Serafini
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nora
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabio F Neves
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, South Higher Education Center (CERES), Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício G C Emerenciano
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Center, Bribie Island, QLD, Australia
| | - Diogo L A Lopes
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, West Higher Education Center (CEO), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Thiago E H P Fabregat
- UDESC - Santa Catarina State University, Agroveterinary Science Center (CAV), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Chaudhary DK, Kim SE, Park HJ, Kim KH. Unveiling the Bacterial Community across the Stomach, Hepatopancreas, Anterior Intestine, and Posterior Intestine of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1260-1269. [PMID: 38938005 PMCID: PMC11239424 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of shrimp, which is comprised of the stomach, hepatopancreas, and intestine, houses microbial communities that play crucial roles in immune defense, nutrient absorption, and overall health. While the intestine's microbiome has been well-studied, there has been limited research investigating the stomach and hepatopancreas. The present study addresses this gap by profiling the bacterial community in these interconnected GI segments of Pacific whiteleg shrimp. To this end, shrimp samples were collected from a local aquaculture farm in South Korea, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed. The results revealed significant variations in bacterial diversity and composition among GI segments. The stomach and hepatopancreas exhibited higher Proteobacteria abundance, while the intestine showed a more diverse microbiome, including Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia. Genera such as Oceaniovalibus, Streptococcus, Actibacter, Ilumatobacter, and Litorilinea dominated the intestine, while Salinarimonas, Sphingomonas, and Oceaniovalibus prevailed in the stomach and hepatopancreas. It is particularly notable that Salinarimonas, which is associated with nitrate reduction and pollutant degradation, was prominent in the hepatopancreas. Overall, this study provides insights into the microbial ecology of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp's GI tract, thus enhancing our understanding of shrimp health with the aim of supporting sustainable aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine and Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine and Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine and Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Angthong P, Chaiyapechara S, Rungrassamee W. Shrimp microbiome and immune development in the early life stages. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104765. [PMID: 37380117 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
With its contribution to nutrition, development, and disease resistance, gut microbiome has been recognized as a crucial component of the animal's health and well-being. Microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract constantly interacts with the host animal's immune systems as part of the normal function of the intestines. Interactions between the microbiome and the immune system are complex and dynamic, with the microbiome shaping immune development and function. In contrast, the immune system modulates the composition and activity of the microbiome. In shrimp, as with all other aquatic animals, the interaction between the microbiome and the animals occurs at the early developmental stages. This early interaction is likely essential to the development of immune responses of the animal as well as many key physiological developments that further contribute to the health of shrimp. This review provides background knowledge on the early developmental stage of shrimp and its microbiome, examines the interaction between the microbiome and the immune system in the early life stage of shrimp, and discusses potential pitfalls and challenges associated with microbiome research. Understanding the interaction between the microbiome and shrimp immune system at this crucial developmental stage could have the potential to aid in the establishment of a healthy microbiome, improve shrimp survival, and provide ways to shape the microbiome with feed supplements or other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacharaporn Angthong
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sage Chaiyapechara
- Aquaculture Service Development Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanilada Rungrassamee
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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Kumar R, Huang MY, Chen CL, Wang HC, Lu HP. Resilience and probiotic interventions to prevent and recover from shrimp gut dysbiosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108886. [PMID: 37290613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To counter the recurrent outbreaks of bacterial (acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease; AHPND) and viral (white spot disease; WSD) shrimp diseases, which still remain a threat to the global industry, shrimp gut microbiota research has been gaining more attention in recent years, and the use of probiotics in aquaculture has had promising results in improving shrimp gut health and immunity. In this review based on our studies on AHPND and WSD, we summarize our current understanding of the shrimp gastrointestinal tract and the role of the microbiota in disease, as well as effects of probiotics. We focus particularly on the concept of microbiota resilience, and consider strategies that can be used to restore shrimp gut health by probiotic intervention at a crucial time during gut microbiota dysbiosis. Based on the available scientific evidence, we argue that the use of probiotics potentially has an important role in controlling disease in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Huang
- Division of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Pei Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Khanjani MH, Sharifinia M, Emerenciano MGC. A detailed look at the impacts of biofloc on immunological and hematological parameters and improving resistance to diseases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108796. [PMID: 37149233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immunity of invertebrates serves as a critical trait that provides a valuable foundation for studying the common biological responses to environmental changes. With the exponential growth of the human population, the demand for protein has soared, leading to the intensification of aquaculture. Regrettably, this intensification has resulted in the overuse of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which have led to the emergence of resistant microbes or superbugs. In this regard, biofloc technology (BFT) emerges as a promising strategy for disease management in aquaculture. By harnessing the power of antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics, BFT offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach that can help mitigate the negative impacts of harmful chemicals. By adopting this innovative technology, we can enhance the immunity and promote the health of aquatic organisms, thereby ensuring the long-term viability of the aquaculture industry. Using a proper carbon to nitrogen ratio, normally adding an external carbon source, BFT recycles waste in culture system with no water exchange. Heterotrophic bacteria grow along with other key microbes in the culture water. Heterotrophs play a major role in assimilating ammonia from feed and fecal waste, crucial pathway to form suspended microbial aggregates (known as 'biofloc'); while chemoautotrophs (e.g. nitrifying bacteria) oxidize ammonia into nitrite, and nitrite into nitrate promoting a healthy farming conditions. By using a highly aerated media and an organic substrates that contain carbon and nitrogen, protein-rich microbes are able to flocculate in culture water. Several types of microorganisms and their cell components have been studied and applied to aquatic animals as probiotics or immunostimulants (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and 1-glucans) to enhance their innate immunity and antioxidant status, thereby enhancing their resistance to disease. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the application of BFT for different farmed aquatic species and it has been observed as a promising method for the development of sustainable aquaculture, especially due to less use of water, increased productivity and biosecurity, but also an enhancement of the health status of several aquaculture species. This review analyses the immune status, antioxidant activity, blood and biochemical parameters, and level of resistance against pathogenic agents of aquatic animals farmed in BFT systems. This manuscript aims to gather and showcase the scientific evidences related to biofloc as a 'health promoter' in a unique document for the industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khanjani
- Department of Fisheries Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, 75169-89177, Iran.
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Outama P, Le Xuan C, Wannavijit S, Lumsangkul C, Linh NV, Montha N, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Van Doan H. Modulation of growth, immune response, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under biofloc system using mango peel powder. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1136-1143. [PMID: 36122638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of mango peel powder (MGPP) on growth, innate immunity, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression of Nile tilapia reared under biofloc system. Three hundred Nile tilapia (average weight 14.78 ± 0.05 g) were distributed into 15 fiber tanks (300 L per tank) assigned to five treatments in triplication. Fish were fed basal diet containing different levels MGPP as follows: 0 (MGPP0: control), 6.25 (MGPP 6.25), 12.5 (MGPP 12.25), 25 (MGPP 25), and 50 (MGPP 50) g kg-1 diet for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), final weight (FW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), skin mucus of lysozyme (SMLA), and peroxidase activities (SMPA), serum of lysozyme (SL) and peroxidase (SP) were measured every for weeks; while immune-antioxidant-related gene expressions were determined after 8 weeks post-feeding. The results indicated that MGPP 25 diet resulted in higher SGR, WG, FW, and FCR but no significant differences among treatments were noticed. In terms of immune responses, lysozyme and peroxidase activities in mucus and serum were significantly higher in MGPP 12.5 and MGPP 25 diets against the control. Similarly, significant up-regulation of IL-1 and IL-8 gene expressions was observed in fish fed MGPP 25 against the control. However, no significant differences in LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR among treatments were observed. Overall, dietary inclusion of MGPP 25 significantly enhanced immune response and immune related gene expressions but not growth performance and antioxidant gene expressions. The results implied that MGPP can be potentially used as an immunostimulants in Nile tilapia culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyatida Outama
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chinh Le Xuan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Deng Y, Borewicz K, van Loo J, Olabarrieta MZ, Kokou F, Sipkema D, Verdegem MCJ. In-Situ Biofloc Affects the Core Prokaryotes Community Composition in Gut and Enhances Growth of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:879-892. [PMID: 34609532 PMCID: PMC9622544 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc technology is commonly applied in intensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture to maintain water quality, supply the fish with extra protein, and improve fish growth. However, the effect of dietary supplementation of processed biofloc on the gut prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) community composition of tilapia is not well understood. In this study one recirculating aquaculture system was used to test how biofloc, including in-situ biofloc, dietary supplementation of ex-situ live or dead biofloc, influence fish gut prokaryotic community composition and growth performance in comparison to a biofloc-free control treatment. A core gut prokaryotic community was identified among all treatments by analyzing the temporal variations in gut prokaryotes. In-situ produced biofloc significantly increased the prokaryotic diversity in the gut by reducing the relative abundance of dominant Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria. The in-situ biofloc delivered a unique prokaryotic community in fish gut, while dietary supplementation of tilapias with 5% and 10% processed biofloc (live or dead) only changed the relative abundance of minor prokaryotic taxa outside the gut core microbiota. The modulatory effect of in-situ biofloc on tilapia gut microbiota was associated with the distinct microbial community in the biofloc water and undisturbed biofloc. The growth-promoting effect on tilapia was only detected in the in-situ biofloc treatment, while dietary supplementation of processed biofloc had no effect on fish growth performance as compared to the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Deng
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3811 MH, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Joost van Loo
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fotini Kokou
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C J Verdegem
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Said MM, El-barbary YA, Ahmed OM. Assessment of Performance, Microbial Community, Bacterial Food Quality, and Gene Expression of Whiteleg Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) Reared under Different Density Biofloc Systems. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:3499061. [PMID: 36860427 PMCID: PMC9973138 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3499061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc shrimp culture, as a way of improving shrimp production, gains worldwide consideration. However, the effects of the biofloc system on shrimp culture at high densities could be a challenge. Here, this study is aimed at identifying a better stocking density of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) between two intensive biofloc systems of 100 and 300 org./m2. Achieving that was done by comparing growth performance, water quality, feed utilization, microbial loads from water and shrimps, and gene expression of growth, stress, and immune-related genes. Shrimp postlarvae with a mean weight of 35.4 ± 3.7 mg were reared in six indoor cement tanks (36 m3 total capacity each) at two stocking densities (3 replicates each) for a rearing period of 135 days. Better final weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain, specific growth rate, biomass increase percentage, and survival rate were associated with lower density (100/m2), whereas high-density showed significantly higher total biomass. Better feed utilization was found in the lower density treatment. Lower density treatment enhanced water quality parameters, including higher dissolved oxygen and lower nitrogenous wastes. Heterotrophic bacterial count in water samples was recorded as 5.28 ± 0.15 and 5.11 ± 0.28 log CFU/ml from the high- and low-density systems, respectively, with no significant difference. Beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus spp. were identified in water samples from both systems, still, the Vibrio-like count was developed in the higher density system. Regarding shrimp food bacterial quality, the total bacterial count in the shrimp was recorded as 5.09 ± 0.1 log CFU/g in the 300 org./m2 treatment compared to 4.75 ± 0.24 log CFU/g in the lower density. Escherichia coli was isolated from the shrimps in a lower density group while Aeromonas hydrophila and Citrobacter freundii were associated with shrimps from a higher density system. Immune-related genes including prophenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LYZ) expressions were all significantly higher expressed in the shrimp from the lower density treatment. Toll receptor (LvToll), penaiedin4 (PEN4), and stress-related gene (HSP 70) showed a decreased gene expression in the shrimp raised in the lower density. Significant upregulation of growth-related gene (Ras-related protein-RAP) expression was associated with the lower stocking density system. In conclusion, the current study found that applying high stocking density (300 org./m2) contributes negatively to performance, water quality, microbial community, bacterial food quality, and gene expression of immune, stress, and growth-related genes when compared with the lower stocking density system (100 org./m2) under biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Said
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Y. A. El-barbary
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - O. M. Ahmed
- Department of Fish Processing and Technology, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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Niu GJ, Yan M, Li C, Lu PY, Yu Z, Wang JX. Infection with white spot syndrome virus affects the microbiota in the stomachs and intestines of kuruma shrimp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156233. [PMID: 35636540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining eubiosis of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is essential for animal health. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most lethal viral pathogen because it causes extremely high mortality in shrimp farming. However, it remains poorly understood how WSSV infection affects the microbiota in different regions of the GI tract of shrimp. In the present study, we established an experimental model of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) infection with WSSV and then investigated the effects of WSSV infection on the microbiota in the cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, and intestines using metataxonomics. We identified 34 phyla and 576 genera of bacteria collectively. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant in all the three GI segments. The WSSV infection decreased microbial diversity to a different extent in the stomachs and in a time-dependent manner. The infection with WSSV affected the microbiota composition in the two stomachs, but not the intestines. Firmicutes increased significantly, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria decreased in the two stomachs of the WSSV-infected shrimp. At the genus level, Trichococcus and Vibrio increased, but Bradyrhizobium and Roseburia decreased in the cardiac stomach of the WSSV-infected shrimp. Trichococcus and Photobacterium increased in the pyloric stomach. Although Vibrio showed a slight downward trend, Aliivibrio (formerly Vibrio) increased in the pyloric stomach. Thiothrix, Fusibacter, and Shewanella decreased in the pyloric stomach, but no significant differences in these genera were detected in the cardiac stomach. Analysis of the predicted functions of the GI microbiota indicated that the WSSV infection resulted in losses of some microbiota functions. The new information from this study may help better understand the bacteria-virus interaction in the GI tract of shrimp and other crustacean species, and inform pathogen prevention/control and sustainable aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Juan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China.
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11
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Cheng Y, Ge C, Li W, Yao H. The Intestinal Bacterial Community and Functional Potential of Litopenaeus vannamei in the Coastal Areas of China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1793. [PMID: 34576689 PMCID: PMC8470311 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are crucial for the healthy aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the coastal areas of China are important areas for concentrated L. vannamei cultivation. In this study, we evaluated different compositions and structures, key roles, and functional potentials of the intestinal bacterial community of L. vannamei shrimp collected in 12 Chinese coastal cities and investigated the correlation between the intestinal bacteria and functional potentials. The dominant bacteria in the shrimp intestines included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and the main potential functions were metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. Although the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial community, potential pathogenic bacteria, and spoilage organisms varied from region to region, the functional potentials were homeostatic and significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with intestinal bacteria (at the family level) to different degrees. The correlation between intestinal bacteria and functional potentials further suggested that L. vannamei had sufficient functional redundancy to maintain its own health. These findings help us understand differences among the intestinal bacterial communities of L. vannamei cultivated in different regions and provide a basis for the disease management and healthy aquaculture of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Cheng
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Chaorong Ge
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.Y.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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12
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Odeyemi OA, Dabadé DS, Amin M, Dewi F, Waiho K, Kasan NA. Microbial diversity and ecology of crustaceans: influencing factors and future perspectives. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Tepaamorndech S, Nookaew I, Higdon SM, Santiyanont P, Phromson M, Chantarasakha K, Mhuantong W, Plengvidhya V, Visessanguan W. Metagenomics in bioflocs and their effects on gut microbiome and immune responses in Pacific white shrimp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:733-741. [PMID: 32858186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc systems generate and accumulate microbial aggregates known as bioflocs. The presence of bioflocs has been shown to change gut bacterial diversity and stimulate innate immunity in shrimp. The microbial niche of bioflocs may therefore have the potential to drive shifts in the shrimp gut microbiota associated with stimulation of innate immunity. We performed shotgun metagenomic analysis and 16S rRNA-based amplicon sequencing to characterize complex bacterial members in bioflocs and the shrimp digestive tract, respectively. Moreover, we determined whether biofloc-grown shrimp with discrete gut microbiomes had an elevation in local immune-related gene expression and systemic immune activities. Our findings demonstrated that the bacterial community in bioflocs changed dynamically during Pacific white shrimp cultivation. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Vibrio comprised 90% of the biofloc population, while Pseualteromonas, Photobacterium, Shewanella, Alteromonas, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Marinifilum, and Pseudomonas were also detected. In the digestive tract, biofloc-grown shrimp maintained the presence of commensal bacteria including Vibrio, Photobacterium, Shewanella, Granulosicoccus, and Ruegeria similar to control shrimp. However, Vibrio and Photobacterium were significantly enriched and declined, respectively, in biofloc-grown shrimp. The presence of bioflocs upregulated immune-related genes encoding serine proteinase and prophenoloxidase in digestive organs which are routinely exposed to gut microbiota. Biofloc-grown shrimp also demonstrated a significant increase in systemic immune status. As a result, the survival rate of biofloc-grown shrimp was substantially higher than that of the control shrimp. Our findings suggested that the high relative abundance of vibrios in bioflocs enriched the number of vibrios in the digestive tract of biofloc-grown shrimp. This shift in gut microbiota composition may be partially responsible for local upregulation of immune-related gene expression in digestive organs and systemic promotion of immune status in circulating hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapun Tepaamorndech
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shawn M Higdon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pannita Santiyanont
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Metavee Phromson
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanittha Chantarasakha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Vetthachai Plengvidhya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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14
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de Souza Valente C, Rodiles A, Freire Marques MR, Merrifield DL. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) disturbs the intestinal microbiota of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) reared in biofloc and clear seawater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8007-8023. [PMID: 32789745 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most virulent pathogens afflicting shrimp farming. Understanding its influence on shrimp intestinal microbiota is paramount for the advancement of aquaculture, since gut dysbiosis can negatively impact shrimp development, physiology, and immunological response. Thereupon, the data presented herein assesses the influence of WSSV infection and different rearing systems on the intestinal microbiota of Penaeus vannamei. Our study aimed to describe and correlate the composition of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) gut microbiota, when reared in biofloc and clear seawater, before and (48 h) after WSSV experimental infection. Shrimp were kept in two different systems (biofloc and clear seawater) and experimentally infected with WSSV. Intestine and water samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, before and after viral infection. We observed (i) WSSV induced higher mortality among shrimp reared in biofloc; (ii) WSSV led to a loss of intestinal microbiota heterogeneity, at the genus level, in shrimp kept in clear seawater; (iii) there was a prevalence of Cetobacterium and Bacillus in the intestine of shrimp from both systems; (iv) WSSV did not cause significant changes in intestinal microbiota diversity or richness; (v) regardless of the type of system and time of infection, intestinal microbiota was dissimilar to that of the surrounding water, despite being influenced by the type of system. Therefore, WSSV infection leads to punctual dysbiotic changes in shrimp microbiota, although the virus is sufficiently virulent to cause high mortalities even in well-managed systems, such as a balanced experimental biofloc system. KEY POINTS: • WSSV infection leads to a perturbed gut microbiota in shrimp. • WSSV infection greater impacts microbiota of shrimp reared in CSW than those in BFT. • WSSV infection caused higher mortality levels in shrimp reared in BFT than in CSW. • Rearing system influences shrimp gut microbiota composition. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília de Souza Valente
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Rodiles
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Lallemand SAS, 31702, Blagnac, France
| | - Maria Risoleta Freire Marques
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lee Merrifield
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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15
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Pilotto MR, Argenta N, Forte JM, Hostins B, Menezes FGR, Maggioni R, de Sousa OV, Wasielesky W, Rosa RD, Perazzolo LM. Environmental rearing conditions are key determinants of changes in immune gene expression patterns in shrimp midgut. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103618. [PMID: 31972176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The super-intensive BioFloc Technology (BFT) system has been highlighted as a promising eco-friendly alternative to the traditional shrimp rearing systems. To gain insight into the impact of environmental rearing conditions on shrimp intestinal immunity, we assessed the expression profile of key immunological genes in the midgut of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in two contrasting culture systems: the indoor super-intensive BFT and the outdoor intensive Green-Water System (GWS). From the 30 analyzed genes, the expression levels of 25 genes were higher in the midgut of shrimp reared in BFT than in GWS. The main functional categories represented in BFT-shrimp were the prophenoloxidase-activating system, immune signaling, antimicrobial peptides, and RNA interference pathway. Comparatively, only the RNAi pathway gene Dicer-1 (LvDcr1) was more expressed in animals from the GWS group. However, despite the differences in gene expression, the total midgut bacterial abundance was similar between the experimental groups. Altogether, our results suggest that the microbial-rich environment offered by the BFT system can be acting as an immunostimulant by altering the immune expression profile of the midgut. The gene expression level found in GWS animals could be related to the chronic presence of the IMNV in the Brazilian Northeast. Knowing the effects of environmental stress factors on the intestinal immune defenses can provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between cultivated shrimp and the major pathogens affecting the shrimp industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rangel Pilotto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Argenta
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jamille Martins Forte
- Center of Studies and Diagnosis of Aquatic Organism Diseases, Marine Sciences Institute, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Hostins
- Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology Group, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, CEP 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Maggioni
- Center of Studies and Diagnosis of Aquatic Organism Diseases, Marine Sciences Institute, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana de Sousa
- Laboratory of Fish and Environmental Microbiology, Marine Sciences Institute, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Wilson Wasielesky
- Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology Group, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, CEP 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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16
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Holt CC, Bass D, Stentiford GD, van der Giezen M. Understanding the role of the shrimp gut microbiome in health and disease. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107387. [PMID: 32330478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid increases in the global shrimp aquaculture sector, a focus on animal health during production becomes ever more important. Animal productivity is intimately linked to health, and the gut microbiome is becoming increasingly recognised as an important driver of cultivation success. The microbes that colonise the gut, commonly referred to as the gut microbiota or the gut microbiome, interact with their host and contribute to a number of key host processes, including digestion and immunity. Gut microbiome manipulation therefore represents an attractive proposition for aquaculture and has been suggested as a possible alternative to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the management of disease, which is a major limitation of growth in this sector. Microbiota supplementation has also demonstrated positive effects on growth and survival of several different commercial species, including shrimp. Development of appropriate gut supplements, however, requires prior knowledge of the host microbiome. Little is known about the gut microbiota of the aquatic invertebrates, but penaeid shrimp are perhaps more studied than most. Here, we review current knowledge of information reported on the shrimp gut microbiota, highlighting the most frequently observed taxa and emphasizing the dominance of Proteobacteria within this community. We discuss involvement of the microbiome in the regulation of shrimp health and disease and describe how the gut microbiota changes with the introduction of several economically important shrimp pathogens. Finally, we explore evidence of microbiome supplementation and consider its role in the future of penaeid shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Holt
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.
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17
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Bacillus subtilis, an ideal probiotic bacterium to shrimp and fish aquaculture that increase feed digestibility, prevent microbial diseases, and avoid water pollution. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:427-435. [PMID: 31773195 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms maintain the ecosystems, plants, animals and humans working in healthy conditions. In nature, around 95% of all microorganisms produce beneficial effects by increasing nutrients digestion and assimilation, preventing pathogens development and by improving environmental parameters. However, increase in human population and indiscriminate uses of antibiotics have been exerting a great pressure on agriculture, livestock, aquaculture, and also to the environment. This pressure has induced the decomposition of environmental parameters and the development of pathogenic strains resistant to most antibiotics. Therefore, all antibiotics have been restricted by corresponding authorities; hence, new and healthy alternatives to prevent or eliminate these pathogens need to be identified. Thus, probiotic bacteria utilization in aquaculture systems has emerged as a solution to prevent pathogens development, to enhance nutrients assimilation and to improve environmental parameters. In this sense, B. subtilis is an ideal multifunctional probiotic bacterium, with the capacity to solve these problems and also to increase aquaculture profitability.
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18
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Kormas KA. Editorial for the Special Issue: Gut Microorganisms of Aquatic Animals. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E377. [PMID: 31546574 PMCID: PMC6843498 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of the term holobiont [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos 382 21, Greece.
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19
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Pilotto MR, Milanez S, Moreira RT, Rosa RD, Perazzolo LM. Potential immunomodulatory and protective effects of the Arthrospira-based dietary supplement on shrimp intestinal immune defenses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:47-52. [PMID: 30831245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we evaluated the immunomodulatory and the antiviral protective properties of a cyanobacteria-enriched diet on the immune responses of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with the White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Shrimp were fed with an Arthrospira platensis supplemented feed during 20 days, and its effects were examined by evaluating well-known standardized shrimp immune parameters (total hemocyte counts, total protein concentration, phenoloxidase activity, and serum agglutination titer). Additionally, we assessed the expression of crucial genes involved in both hemolymph- and gut-based immunities related to the shrimp capacity to circumvent viral and microbial infections. Dietary supplementation improved shrimp survival rates after challenge with a median lethal dose of WSSV. From all immune parameters tested, only the serum agglutination titer was higher in treated animals. On the other hand, the expression of some representative marker genes from different immune response pathways was only modulated in the midgut and not in the circulating hemocytes, suggesting that this feed supplementation can be used as an attractive strategy to enhance immunity in shrimp gut. Altogether, our results evidence the immunomodulatory properties of A. platensis supplemented feed in shrimp humoral and intestinal defenses and highlight the potential use of cyanobacteria-based immunostimulants in shrimp farming for protection against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rangel Pilotto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Samuel Milanez
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Renato Teixeira Moreira
- Center of Biotechnology Applied to Aquaculture (CEBIAQUA), Department of Fishery Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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20
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Farias ND, Falchetti M, Matos GM, Schmitt P, Barreto C, Argenta N, Rolland JL, Bachère E, Perazzolo LM, Rosa RD. Litopenaeus vannamei stylicins are constitutively produced by hemocytes and intestinal cells and are differentially modulated upon infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:82-92. [PMID: 30439499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stylicins are anionic antimicrobial host defense peptides (AAMPs) composed of a proline-rich N-terminal region and a C-terminal portion containing 13 conserved cysteine residues. Here, we have increased our knowledge about these unexplored crustacean AAMPs by the characterization of novel stylicin members in the most cultivated penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. We showed that the L. vannamei stylicin family is composed of two members (Lvan-Stylicin1 and Lvan-Stylicin2) encoded by different loci which vary in gene copy number. Unlike the other three gene-encoded antimicrobial peptide families from penaeid shrimp, the expression of Lvan-Stylicins is not restricted to hemocytes. Indeed, they are also produced by the columnar epithelial cells lining the midgut and its anterior caecum. Interestingly, Lvan-Stylicins are simultaneously transcribed at different transcriptional levels in a single shrimp and are differentially modulated in hemocytes after infections. While the expression of both genes showed to be responsive to damage-associated molecular patterns, only Lvan-Stylicin2 was induced after a Vibrio infection. Besides, Lvan-Stylicins also showed a distinct pattern of gene expression in the three portions of the midgut (anterior, middle and posterior) and during shrimp development. We provide here the first evidence of the diversity of the stylicin antimicrobial peptide family in terms of sequence and gene expression distribution and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Dantas Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Machado Matos
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2373223, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cairé Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Argenta
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jean-Luc Rolland
- Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 34090, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 34090, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Wang J, Huang Y, Xu K, Zhang X, Sun H, Fan L, Yan M. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection impacts intestinal microbiota composition and function in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:130-137. [PMID: 30278220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota homeostasis is crucial to the health of host. Pathogen invasion results in dynamics of microbiota composition and structure, disrupting their function in maintaining host health. WSSV is the most prevalent viral pathogen and is able to cause extremely high mortality in Litopenaeus vannamei. However, the changes of intestinal microbiota induced by WSSV are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed and compared the microbiota of healthy and WSSV-challenged shrimp intestines. Though the richness and diversity of microbiota was barely affected by WSSV, the abundance of predominant phyla like Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria were upregulated significantly, while Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes were significantly decreased in WSSV-infected shrimps. At the genus level, significant increase was observed in Photobacterium, Propionigenium and Arcobacter, as well as significant decrease in Candidatus Bacilloplasma and Flavobacterium in WSSV-infected shrimps. Additionally, metagenomic predictions by PICRUSt suggested that the altered microbiota was mainly related to metabolism, human diseases, genetic information processing, environmental information processing and cellular processes. These results suggested that the invasion of WSSV could impact intestinal microbiota composition and function in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Youjia Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaihang Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Muting Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Massive Gene Expansion and Sequence Diversification Is Associated with Diverse Tissue Distribution, Regulation and Antimicrobial Properties of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors in Shrimp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16100381. [PMID: 30314303 PMCID: PMC6213531 DOI: 10.3390/md16100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are antimicrobial peptides with a central β-hairpin structure able to bind to microbial components. Mining sequence databases for ALFs allowed us to show the remarkable diversity of ALF sequences in shrimp. We found at least seven members of the ALF family (Groups A to G), including two novel Groups (F and G), all of which are encoded by different loci with conserved gene organization. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that gene expansion and subsequent diversification of the ALF family occurred in crustaceans before shrimp speciation occurred. The transcriptional profile of ALFs was compared in terms of tissue distribution, response to two pathogens and during shrimp development in Litopenaeus vannamei, the most cultivated species. ALFs were found to be constitutively expressed in hemocytes and to respond differently to tissue damage. While synthetic β-hairpins of Groups E and G displayed both antibacterial and antifungal activities, no activity was recorded for Group F β-hairpins. Altogether, our results showed that ALFs form a family of shrimp AMPs that has been the subject of intense diversification. The different genes differ in terms of tissue expression, regulation and function. These data strongly suggest that multiple selection pressures have led to functional diversification of ALFs in shrimp.
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