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Li M, Ghonimy A, Chen DQ, Li JT, He YY, López Greco LS, Dyzenchauz F, Chang ZQ. Profile of the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp under industrial indoor farming system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:225. [PMID: 38376561 PMCID: PMC10879296 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbial communities interact with the host immunity and physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the bacterial composition in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp's gut and rearing water under different host (developmental stage: juvenile and adult; health status: healthy and diseased) and environmental factors (temperature 25 °C and 28 °C; and light intensity: low and high). The PCoA analysis showed that all water samples were clustered together in a quarter, whereas the gut samples spread among three quarters. In terms of functional bacteria, gut samples of adult shrimp, healthy adult shrimp, adult shrimp raised at 28 °C, and juvenile shrimp under high light intensity exhibited a higher abundance of Vibrionaceae compared to each other opposite group. Gut samples of juvenile shrimp, infected adult shrimp, juvenile shrimp with low light intensity, and adult shrimp with a water temperature of 25 °C showed a higher abundance of Pseudoaltromonadaceae bacteria compared to each other opposite group. Gut samples of juvenile shrimp, healthy adult shrimp, adult shrimp raised at a water temperature of 28 °C, and juvenile shrimp with high light intensity showed the higher abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio compared to each other opposite group. Our results showed that L. vannamei juveniles are more sensitive to bacterial infections; besides, water temperature of 28 °C and high light intensity groups were both important conditions improving the shrimp gut bacterial composition under industrial indoor farming systems. KEY POINTS: • Bacteria diversity was higher among shrimp intestinal microbiota compared to the rearing water. • Shrimp juveniles are more sensitive to bacterial infection compared to adults. • Water temperature of 28 °C and high light intensity are recommended conditions for white shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdallah Ghonimy
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Susana López Greco
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Dyzenchauz
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Padeniya U, Davis DA, Liles MR, LaFrentz SA, LaFrentz BR, Shoemaker CA, Beck BH, Wells DE, Bruce TJ. Probiotics enhance resistance to Streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc systems. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1137-1149. [PMID: 37422900 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc technology is a rearing technique that maintains desired water quality by manipulating carbon and nitrogen and their inherent mixture of organic matter and microbes. Beneficial microorganisms in biofloc systems produce bioactive metabolites that may deter the growth of pathogenic microbes. As little is known about the interaction of biofloc systems and the addition of probiotics, this study focused on this integration to manipulate the microbial community and its interactions within biofloc systems. The present study evaluated two probiotics (B. velezensis AP193 and BiOWiSH FeedBuilder Syn 3) for use in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in a biofloc system. Nine independent 3785 L circular tanks were stocked with 120 juveniles (71.4 ± 4.4 g). Tilapia were fed for 16 weeks and randomly assigned three diets: a commercial control diet or a commercial diet top-coated with either AP193 or BiOWiSH FeedBuilder Syn3. At 14 weeks, the fish were challenged with a low dose of Streptococcus iniae (ARS-98-60, 7.2 × 107 CFU mL-1 , via intraperitoneal injection) in a common garden experimental design. At 16 weeks, the fish were challenged with a high dose of S. iniae (6.6 × 108 CFU mL-1 ) in the same manner. At the end of each challenge trial, cumulative per cent mortality, lysozyme activity and expression of 4 genes (il-1β, il6, il8 and tnfα) from the spleen were measured. In both challenges, the mortalities of the probiotic-fed groups were significantly lower (p < .05) than in the control diet. Although there were some strong trends, probiotic applications did not result in significant immune gene expression changes related to diet during the pre-trial period and following exposure to S. iniae. Nonetheless, overall il6 expression was lower in fish challenged with a high dose of ARS-98-60, while tnfα expression was lower in fish subjected to a lower pathogen dose. Study findings demonstrate the applicability of probiotics as a dietary supplement for tilapia reared in biofloc systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthpala Padeniya
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - D Allen Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Stacey A LaFrentz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin H Beck
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniel E Wells
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Guan W, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Liu F, Luo Q, Liu J, Ni J, He N, Guo D, Li L, Xing Q. Nano-Selenium inhibited antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors by suppressing bacterial selenocompound metabolism and chemotaxis pathways in animal manure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115277. [PMID: 37499390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) found in animal manure pose significant risks to human health. However, the effects of graphene sodium selenite (GSSe), a novel chemical nano-Selenium, and biological nano-Selenium (BNSSe), a new bioaugmentation nano-Se, on bacterial Se metabolism, chemotaxis, ARGs, and VFs in animal manure remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of GSSe and BNSSe on ARGs and VFs expression in broiler manure using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that BNSSe reduced Se pressure during anaerobic fermentation by inhibiting bacterial selenocompound metabolism pathways, thereby lowering manure Selenium pollution. Additionally, the expression levels of ARGs and VFs were lower in the BNSSe group compared to the Sodium Selenite and GSSe groups, as BNSSe inhibited bacterial chemotaxis pathways. Co-occurrence network analysis identified ARGs and VFs within the following phyla Bacteroidetes (genera Butyricimonas, Odoribacter, Paraprevotella, and Rikenella), Firmicutes (genera Lactobacillus, Candidatus_Borkfalkia, Merdimonas, Oscillibacter, Intestinimonas, and Megamonas), and Proteobacteria (genera Desulfovibrio). The expression and abundance of ARGs and VFs genes were found to be associated with ARGs-VFs coexistence. Moreover, BNSSe disruption of bacterial selenocompound metabolism and chemotaxis pathways resulted in less frequent transfer of ARGs and VFs. These findings indicate that BNSSe can reduce ARGs and VFs expression in animal manure by suppressing bacterial selenocompound metabolism and chemotaxis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Weikun Guan
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Yuhong Zhong
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Fuyu Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Qi Luo
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Lizhi Li
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China.
| | - Qingfeng Xing
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China.
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Kewcharoen W, Srisapoome P. Potential synbiotic effects of a Bacillus mixture and chitosan on growth, immune responses and VP (AHPND) resistance in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:715-729. [PMID: 35835382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential synbiotic effects of a Bacillus mixture and chitosan on growth, immune responses and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Pacific white shrimp, were intensively investigated. Three effective strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (A), Bacillus pumilus (P) and Bacillus subtilis (S) were mixed in pairs at a ratio of 5 × 108:5 × 108 CFU/kg diet and coated with the prebiotic chitosan (C) at a concentration of 20 mL/kg diet. Five different feed treatments were used to feed experimental shrimp for 5 weeks: control (control, no synbiotics), chitosan (coat, C) and the synbiotic treatments PAC, PSC and ASC. At week 5, the final length, final weight gain, weight gain, length, average daily gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, measured as growth parameters, were significantly upregulated in the PSC and ASC groups compared with the control and coat groups (P < 0.05). This result was consistent with the expression analysis of two growth-related genes (Rap-2a and GF-II) in the hepatopancreas and intestines of treated shrimp, as determined using qRT-PCR. The prebiotic chitosan and synbiotics PAC, PSC and ASC strongly induced significant differences in the expression of the Rap-2a and GF-II genes in the target organs compared with the expression in the control group at various time points (P < 0.05). Additionally, application of the synbiotic treatments also significantly enhanced the hepatopancreas characteristics and epithelial and intestinal wall thicknesses of the shrimp compared with the control. Interestingly, all the synbiotic treatments elevated phagocytic activity significantly at weeks 3 and 5 compared with that in the other groups. qRT-PCR analysis of immune-related genes also indicated that the prebiotic group and all synbiotic groups showed strong expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide (ALF) and prophenoloxidase (proPO) genes in the intestine. Finally, the synbiotic groups PAC, PSC and ASC exhibited stronger VPAHPND resistance at 120 h after exposure than the chitosan coat and control groups, with survival rates of 41.7 ± 11.55, 41.7 ± 0.00, 52.8 ± 5.77, 30.6 ± 15.28 and 22.2 ± 5.77%, respectively (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained information, all synbiotics were recommended for improved growth and immune responses, while ASC was the best for disease resistance against VPAHPND in Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werasan Kewcharoen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Thatcher C, Høj L, Bourne DG. Probiotics for coral aquaculture: challenges and considerations. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:380-386. [PMID: 34749049 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, coral reefs are under pressure from climate change, with concerning declines in coral abundance observed due to increasing cumulative impacts. Active intervention measures that mitigate the declines are increasingly being applied to buy time for coral reefs as the world transitions to a low-carbon economy. One such mitigation strategy is coral restoration based on large-scale coral aquaculture to provide stock for reseeding reefs, with the added potential of selecting corals that better tolerate environmental stress. Application of probiotics during production and deployment, to modulate the naturally occurring bacteria associated with corals, may confer health benefits such as disease resistance, increased environmental tolerance or improved coral nutrition. Here, we briefly describe coral associated bacteria and their role in the coral holobiont, identify probiotics traits potentially beneficial to coral, and discuss current research directions required to develop, test and verify the feasibility for probiotics to improve coral aquaculture at industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callaway Thatcher
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas, QLD 4814, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, DB17-148, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Lone Høj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, DB17-148, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas, QLD 4814, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, DB17-148, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Holt CC, Bass D, Stentiford GD, van der Giezen M. Understanding the role of the shrimp gut microbiome in health and disease. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107387. [PMID: 32330478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid increases in the global shrimp aquaculture sector, a focus on animal health during production becomes ever more important. Animal productivity is intimately linked to health, and the gut microbiome is becoming increasingly recognised as an important driver of cultivation success. The microbes that colonise the gut, commonly referred to as the gut microbiota or the gut microbiome, interact with their host and contribute to a number of key host processes, including digestion and immunity. Gut microbiome manipulation therefore represents an attractive proposition for aquaculture and has been suggested as a possible alternative to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the management of disease, which is a major limitation of growth in this sector. Microbiota supplementation has also demonstrated positive effects on growth and survival of several different commercial species, including shrimp. Development of appropriate gut supplements, however, requires prior knowledge of the host microbiome. Little is known about the gut microbiota of the aquatic invertebrates, but penaeid shrimp are perhaps more studied than most. Here, we review current knowledge of information reported on the shrimp gut microbiota, highlighting the most frequently observed taxa and emphasizing the dominance of Proteobacteria within this community. We discuss involvement of the microbiome in the regulation of shrimp health and disease and describe how the gut microbiota changes with the introduction of several economically important shrimp pathogens. Finally, we explore evidence of microbiome supplementation and consider its role in the future of penaeid shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Holt
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.
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Bacterial analysis in the early developmental stages of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Sci Rep 2020; 10:4896. [PMID: 32184459 PMCID: PMC7078212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial colonization is an essential process in the early life of animal hosts—a crucial phase that could help influence and determine their health status at the later stages. The establishment of bacterial community in a host has been comprehensively studied in many animal models; however, knowledge on bacterial community associated with the early life stages of Penaeus monodon (the black tiger shrimp) is still limited. Here, we examined the bacterial community structures in four life stages (nauplius, zoea, mysis and postlarva) of two black tiger shrimp families using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing by a next-generation sequencing. Although the bacterial profiles exhibited different patterns in each developmental stage, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes were identified as common bacterial phyla associated with shrimp. Interestingly, the bacterial diversity became relatively stable once shrimp developed to postlarvae (5-day-old and 15-day-old postlarval stages), suggesting an establishment of the bacterial community in matured shrimp. To our knowledge, this is the first report on bacteria establishment and assembly in early developmental stages of P. monodon. Our findings showed that the bacterial compositions could be shaped by different host developmental stages where the interplay of various host-associated factors, such as physiology, immune status and required diets, could have a strong influence.
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Kormas KA. Editorial for the Special Issue: Gut Microorganisms of Aquatic Animals. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E377. [PMID: 31546574 PMCID: PMC6843498 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of the term holobiont [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos 382 21, Greece.
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Du F, Zhang X, Gu H, Song J, Gao X. Dynamic Changes in the Bacterial Community During the Fermentation of Traditional Chinese Fish Sauce (TCFS) and Their Correlation with TCFS Quality. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E371. [PMID: 31546947 PMCID: PMC6780869 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study revealed for the first time the dynamic changes of the bacterial community during the fermentation of traditional Chinese fish sauce (TCFS) using high-throughput sequencing. In the early phase of TCFS fermentation, Shewanella (approximately 90%) within Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria. Then, Halanaerobium (3%-86%) within Firmicutes rapidly replaced Shewanella as the dominant genus until the 12th month. Lactococcus (3.31%) and Bacillus (45.56%) belonging to Firmicutes were detected abundantly in the 3rd and 9th months after fermentation, respectively. In the late phase (12-15 months), Tetragenococcus within Firmicutes replaced Halanaerobium as the most dominant bacteria (29.54%). Many other genera including Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Tissierella, Carnobacterium and Gallicola were abundantly present in the 15th month after fermentation. Furthermore, the relationships between the bacterial community and major functional substances of TCFS, including amino nitrogen (AAN), free amino acids (FAAs), total soluble nitrogen (TSN), and trimethylamine (TMA), were investigated by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Tetragenococcus was positively correlated with the formation of TMA, while Halanaerobium showed the opposite result, suggesting that Tetragenococcus might be a good starter for TCFS fermentation. These results contribute to our knowledge about bacterial participation in the process of TCFS fermentation and will help improve the quality of fermented seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huarong Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiajia Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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