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Yang H, Du D, Zhang Q, Teame T, Wang A, Hao Q, Liu S, Ding Q, Yao Y, Yang Y, Ran C, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. Dietary Bacillus velezensis T23 fermented products supplementation improves growth, hepatopancreas and intestine health of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109595. [PMID: 38692381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary fermented products of Bacillus velezensis T23 on the growth, immune response and gut microbiota in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were fed with diets containing fermentation products of B. velezensis T23 at levels of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/kg) for 4 weeks, to assess the influence on shrimp growth. The results showed that 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg T23 supplementation improved shrimp growth and feed utilization. Based on these results we selected these three diets (Control, 0.3T23 and 0.4T23) to assess the effect on immune response and gut microbiota of shrimp. Compared with the control, the 0.3T23 and 0.4T23 groups enhanced lipase and α-amylase activities in the gut significantly. Moreover, the 0.4T23 group decreased TAG and MDA levels in hepatopancreas, ALT and AST levels of serum significantly (P < 0.05). In hepatopancreas, CAT and SOD activities were improved observably and the MDA content was reduced markedly in both T23 groups. The expressions of antimicrobial related genes, Cru and peroxinectin in the 0.3T23 group, and proPO and peroxinectin in the 0.4T23 group were up-regulated remarkably (P < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreas of shrimp fed with a diet amended with T23 showed a significant down-regulated expression of nf-kb and tnf-α genes, while expressions of tgf-β was considerably up-regulated. Furthermore, serum LPS and LBP contents were reduced markedly in T23 groups. Intestinal SOD and CAT were noteworthy higher in T23 groups (P < 0.05). In the intestine of shrimp fed on the diet enriched with T23 the expression of nf-κb and tnf-α exhibited markedly down-regulated, whereas hif1α was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Besides, in the intestine of shrimp grouped under T23, Cru and peroxinectin genes were markedly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Dietary 0.3 g/kg T23 also upregulated the ratio of Rhodobacteraceae to Vibrionaceae in the gut of the shrimp. Taken together, the inclusion of B. velezensis T23 in the diet of shrimp enhanced the growth and feed utilization, enhanced hepatopancreas and intestine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Dongdong Du
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tsegay Teame
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Anran Wang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Shubin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture of Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528225, China.
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Lu TH, Chen CY, Wang WM, Liao CM. One Health-based management for sustainably mitigating tetracycline-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila-induced health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123943. [PMID: 38599271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila has ability to spread tetracycline resistance (tetR) under stresses of oxytetracycline (OTC), one of the most important antibiotics in aquaculture industry. Even though environmental reservoir of Aeromonas allows it to be at interfaces across One Health components, a robust modelling framework for rigorously assessing health risks is currently lacking. We proposed a One Health-based approach and leveraged recent advances in quantitative microbial risk assessment appraised by available dataset to interpret interactions at the human-animal-environment interfaces in various exposure scenarios. The dose-response models were constructed considering the effects on mortality for aquaculture species and tetR genes transfer for humans. A scenario-specific risk assessment on pond species-associated A. hydrophila infection and human gut-associated tetR genes transfer was examined. Risk-based control strategies were involved to test their effectiveness. We showed that farmed shrimp exposed to tetracycline-resistant A. hydrophila in OTC-contaminated water experienced higher infection risk (relative risk: 1.25-1.34). The tetR genes transfer risk for farmers in shrimp ponds (∼2 × 10-4) and swimmers in coastal areas (∼4 × 10-6) during autumn exceeded acceptable risk (10-6). This cautionary finding underscores the importance of accounting for monitoring, assessing, and mitigating occupational health hazards among workers in shrimp farming sectors within future One Health-based strategies for managing water infection risks. We recommend that OTC emission rate together with A. hydrophila concentration should be reduced by up to 70-99% to protect human, farmed shrimp, and environmental health. Our predictive framework can be adopted for other systems and be used as a "risk detector" for assessing tetR-related health risks that invoke potential risk management on addressing sustainable mitigation on offsetting residual OTC emission and tetR genes spread in a species-human-environmental health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 403514, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan, ROC
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Hernández-Urcera J, Romero A, Cruz P, Vasconcelos V, Figueras A, Novoa B, Rodríguez F. Screening of Microalgae for Bioactivity with Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Assays. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38666867 PMCID: PMC11048355 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are a rich reservoir of natural compounds, including bioactives. Nonetheless, these organisms remain fairly unexplored despite their potential biotechnological applications. Culture collections with diverse taxonomic groups and lifestyles are a good source to unlock this potential and discover new molecules for multiple applications such as the treatment of human pathologies or the production of aquaculture species. In the present work extracts from thirty-three strains (including twenty dinoflagellates, four diatoms and nine strains from seven other algal classes), cultivated under identical conditions, were examined for their antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Among these, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities were detected in a few strains while the antibacterial tests showed positive results in most assays. In turn, most trials did not show any anti-cancer activity. Significant differences were observed between species within the same class, in particular dinoflagellates, which were better represented in this study. These preliminary findings pave the way for an in-depth characterization of the extracts with highest signals in each test, the identification of the compounds responsible for the biological activities found and a further screening of the CCVIEO culture collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-Urcera
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (P.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (P.C.); (V.V.)
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; (A.R.); (A.F.)
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Reyes-Becerril M, Maldonado M, Vimolmangkang S, Angulo C. In vivo and ex vivo studies support the immunostimulant and immunoprotective effect of Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109369. [PMID: 38220122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) was evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (as a preliminary screening assessment) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Direct bioautography. A study was performed in vivo to evaluate the effects of Damiana enriched diets at 0.5 % on immune parameters in mucus and serum and gene expression in Almaco Jack (Seriola rivoliana) intestine after two and four weeks; an infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at 1x107 colony forming units (CFU) followed and an ex vivo study was carried out using head-kidney leukocytes. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays showed high antioxidant activities in Damiana leaves; even in the ABTS assay, Damiana at 300 μg/mL showed similar activity to ascorbic acid - the standard control. Damiana exhibited strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. In vivo studies showed a strong enhancement of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in mucus and serum of S. rivoliana supplemented with Damiana; their immunological response enhanced after infection with A. hydrophila. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 gene expressions upregulated in the fish intestine challenged with the bacterium. Piscidin and macrophage (MARCO) receptor gene expression up-regulated at week 4 and down-regulated after infection. Intestinal histology results confirm that Damiana not cause inflammation or damage. Finally, the ex vivo study confirmed the immunostimulant and protective effects of Damiana through increased phagocytic, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase activities and nitric oxide generation before and upon the bacterial encounter. These results support the idea that Damiana has the potential as an immunostimulant additive for diets in aquaculture by enhancing immune parameters and protecting Almaco Jack against A. hydrophila infections upon four weeks of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. C.P., 23096, Mexico
| | - Minerva Maldonado
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. C.P., 23096, Mexico
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. C.P., 23096, Mexico.
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Mondal H, Silvia DDG, Emerson IA, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Thomas J. Antibacterial activity of a novel compound isolated from Bacillus licheniformis for treating bacterial infections in fishes: An in-silico approach. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2609-2620. [PMID: 36894690 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a fish pathogen which is widely associated with diseases related to freshwater fishes. Vibrio parahemolyticus is a major globally emerging marine pathogen. Seven novel compounds were extracted from the ethyl acetate extract of Bacillus licheniformis, a novel marine bacterium isolated from marine actinomycetes. The compounds were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Only one bioactive compound having potent antibacterial activity was virtually screened to understand its drug-like property according to Lipinski's rule. The core proteins, 3L6E and 3RYL from the pathogens, A. hydrophila and V. parahemolyticus were targeted for drug discovery. In the present in-silico approach, Phenol,2,4-Bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl) a potent bioactive compound present in Bacillus licheniformis was used to prevent the infection due to the two pathogens. Further, using this bioactive compound, molecular docking was done to block their specific target proteins. This bioactive compound satisfied all the five rules of Lipinski. Molecular docking result revealed the best binding efficacy of Phenol,2,4-Bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl) against 3L6E and 3RYL with - 4.24 kcal/mol and - 4.82 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also executed to determine the binding modes as well as the stability of the protein-ligand docking complexes in the dynamic structure. The in vitro toxicity analysis of this potent bioactive compound against Artemia salina was carried out, revealing the non-toxic nature of B. licheniformis ethyl acetate extract. Thus, the bioactive compound of B. licheniformis was found to be a potent antibacterial agent against A. hydrophila and V. parahemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimanti Mondal
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Delsy Gnana Silvia
- Bioinformatics Programming Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - I Arnold Emerson
- Bioinformatics Programming Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Thomas
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ghosh S, Kar P, Chakrabarti S, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Ghosh K. Whole genome sequence analysis of Aeromonas-infecting bacteriophage AHPMCC7, a new species of genus Ahphunavirus and its application in Litopenaeus vannamei culture. Virology 2023; 588:109887. [PMID: 37774603 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, is responsible for huge economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of bacteriophage AHPMCC7 which was isolated by using A. hydrophila MTCC 1739 as a host. This bacteriophage exhibited 10 min latent period and burst size was 275. In liquid culture, bacteriophage AHPMCC7 could completely lyse A. hydrophila MTCC 1739 after 2 h. AHPMCC7 genome was 42,277 bp long with 58.9% G + C content. The genome consisted of 48 CDSs and no tRNA. The comparative genomic analyses clearly implied that AHPMCC7 might represent a novel species of the genus Aphunavirus under Autographiviridae family. Bacteriophage AHPMCC7 could survive at broad pH (3-10), temperature (4-37 °C), and salinity (0-40 ppt). In aquarium trial, AHPMCC7 could control A. hydrophila MTCC 1739 without affecting the survivability of Litopenaeus vannamei. Clearly, the bacteriophage AHPMCC7 might be used in shrimp aquaculture as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India; Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India; Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
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Nguyen PTT, Dinh TT, Tran-Van H. Construction of L-type lectin displaying Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Vibrio parahaemolyticus agglutination. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00440-3. [PMID: 37889383 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of Aga1P anchor protein in the display system for expressing heterologous proteins on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to be an ideal approach. This system has the ability to improve the expression of target proteins beyond the cell surface, resulting in increased activity and stability of the expression system. Recent studies have demonstrated that a new L-type lectin from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvLTLC1) has been found to possess the capability of agglutinating Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen responsible for causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. In this study, LvLTLC1 protein was designed to be expressed on the surface of S. cerevisiae via Aga1P anchor. The expression of LvLTLC1 protein on the surface of S. cerevisiae::pYIP-LvLTLC1-Aga1P was confirmed through the use of analytical techniques including SDS-PAGE, dot blot, and fluorescent immunoassay with LvLTC1-specific antibody. Subsequently, the newly generated yeast strain was evaluated for its ability to agglutinate V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila. The obtained results indicated that S. cerevisiae expressing LvLTLC1 protein on its surface had the ability to agglutinate both AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila. This newly generated yeast strain could be served as a feed supplement for controlling bacteria in general and AHPND in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong-Thao Thi Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology; Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Tien Giang University, My Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thuan-Thien Dinh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology; Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Tran-Van
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology; Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Raza MA, Kanwal Z, Riaz S, Amjad M, Rasool S, Naseem S, Abbas N, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. In-Vivo Bactericidal Potential of Mangifera indica Mediated Silver Nanoparticles against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cirrhinus mrigala. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2272. [PMID: 37626768 PMCID: PMC10452189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves' extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and their antibacterial efficacy against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala). The prepared M. indica mediated silver nanoparticles (Mi-AgNPs) were found to be polycrystalline in nature, spherical in shapes with average size of 62 ± 13 nm. C. mrigala (n = ±15/group) were divided into six groups i.e., G1: control, G2: A. hydrophila challenged, G3: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.01 mg/L), G4: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.05 mg/L), G5: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.1 mg/L) and G6: A. hydrophila challenged + M. indica extract (0.1 mg/L). Serum biochemical, hematological, histological and oxidative biomarkers were evaluated after 15 days of treatment. The liver enzyme activities, serum proteins, hematological parameters and oxidative stress markers were found to be altered in the challenged fish but showed retrieval effects with Mi-AgNPs treatment. The histological analysis of liver, gills and kidney of the challenged fish also showed regaining effects following Mi-AgNPs treatment. A CFU assay from muscle tissue provided quantitative data that Mi-AgNPs can hinder the bacterial proliferation in challenged fish. The findings of this work suggest that M. indica based silver nanoparticles can be promising candidates for the control and treatment of microbial infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Maira Amjad
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Shafqat Rasool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Liao ZH, Huang HT, Lin YR, Hu CY, Kai YH, Lin JJ, Nan FH. Effect of nanoclay supported nanosilver on the growth inhibition of aquatic pathogens and immunomodulatory effect in Penaeusvannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108673. [PMID: 36914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid of nanosilver and nanoscale silicate platelet (AgNSP) is a safe, non-toxic nanomaterial which has been applied in medical use due to its strong antibacterial activity. The application of AgNSP in aquaculture was first proposed in the present study by evaluating the in vitro antibacterial activities against four aquatic pathogens, in vitro effects toward shrimp haemocytes as well as the immune responses and disease resistance in Penaeus vannamei fed with AgNSP for 7 days. For evaluating the antibacterial activities of AgNSP in culture medium, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 100, 15, 625 and 625 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the inhibition of pathogen growth over a period of 48 h could be achieved by the appropriate treatment of AgNSP in culturing water. In freshwater containing bacterial size of 103 and 106 CFU/mL, the effective doses of AgNSP against A. hydrophila were 12.5 and 450 mg/L, respectively while the effective doses against E. tarda were 0.2 and 50 mg/L, respectively. In seawater with same bacterial size, the effective doses against V. alginolyticus were 150 and 2000 mg/L, respectively while the effective doses against V. parahaemolyticus were 40 and 1500 mg/L, respectively. For the in vitro immune tests, the superoxide anion production and phenoloxidase activity in haemocytes were elevated after in vitro incubation with 0.5-10 mg/L of AgNSP. In the assessment of dietary supplemental effects of AgNSP (2 g/kg), no negative effect on the survival was found at the end of 7 day feeding trail. In addition, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and glutathione peroxidase were up-regulated in haemocytes taken from shrimps received AgNSP. The following challenge test against Vibrio alginolyticus showed that the survival of shrimp fed with AgNSP was higher than that of shrimp fed with control diet (p = 0.083). Dietary AgNSP improved the Vibrio resistance of shrimp by increasing 22.7% of survival rate. Therefore, AgNSP could potentially be used as a feed additive in shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hao Liao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City, 202301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City, 202301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ru Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City, 202301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Yun Hu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City, 202301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kai
- National Museum of Marine Science and Technology, No.367 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City, 202010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiang-Jen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Beining Road, Zhongzheng District, Keelung City, 202301, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Amiin MK, Lahay AF, Putriani RB, Reza M, Putri SME, Sumon MAA, Jamal MT, Santanumurti MB. The role of probiotics in vannamei shrimp aquaculture performance – A review. Vet World 2023; 16:638-649. [PMID: 37041844 PMCID: PMC10082739 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.638-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important food commodity of economic benefit due to its high price, low susceptibility to disease, and popularity for consumption. These advantages have led many farmers to cultivate vannamei shrimp. Efforts are underway to improve the aquaculture performance of this species, including the use of probiotics, which are non-pathogenic bacteria that aid in digestion and help fight disease. Probiotics are usually obtained from the intestines of vannamei shrimp or the culture environment. They are low-cost, non-pathogenic, and largely non-toxic source of antibiotics and are able to synthesize various metabolites that have antibacterial functions and applications. Research on probiotic use has primarily been focused on increasing vannamei shrimp aquaculture production. Bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus or Nitrobacter, can be administered orally, by injection, or as a supplement in aquaculture water. Probiotics help to improve survival rate, water quality, immunity, and disease resistance through space competition with disease-causing bacteria, such as Vibrio spp. An increased number of probiotic bacteria suppresses the growth and presence of pathogenic bacteria, which lowers disease susceptibility. In addition, probiotic bacteria also aid digestion by breaking down complex compounds into simpler substances that the body can absorb more easily. This mechanism improves growth performance in terms of weight, length, and feed conversion ratio. This review aimed to provide information regarding contribution of probiotic to improve vannamei shrimp production in aquaculture.
Keywords: application, bacteria, farm, microbiome, shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kholiqul Amiin
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Almira Fardani Lahay
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Rizha Bery Putriani
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Reza
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Septi Malidda Eka Putri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Md. Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh T. Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, e-mail: Co-authors: MKA: , AFL: , RBP: , MR: , SMEP: , MAAS: , MTJ:
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11
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Shen K, Bao L, Liu M, Lei W, Zhou Q, Ding J, Fang P, Hu B, Wen C, Kumar V, Peng M, Yang G. Dietary supplementation of β-1, 3-glucan improves the intestinal health of white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) by modulating intestinal microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119902. [PMID: 36793729 PMCID: PMC9922984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of intestinal dysfunction is widely observed in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture, and β-1,3-glucan has been confirmed to be beneficial in intestinal health with a lack understanding of its underlying mechanism. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria served as the predominant phyla inhabiting the intestine of white shrimp, whilst a significant variation in their proportion was recorded in shrimp fed with basal and β-1,3-glucan supplementation diets in this study. Dietary supplementation of β-1,3-glucan could dramatically increase the microbial diversity and affect microbial composition, concurrent with a notable reduction in the ratio of opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas, gram-negative microbes, from Gammaproteobacteria compared to the basal diet group. The benefits for microbial diversity and composition by β-1,3-glucan improved the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota through the increase of specialists' number and inhibition of microbial competition caused by Aeromonas in ecological networks; afterward, the inhibition of Aeromonas by β-1,3-glucan diet dramatically suppressed microbial metabolism related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, followed by a conspicuous decrease in the intestinal inflammatory response. The improvement of intestinal health referred to the elevation in intestinal immune and antioxidant capacity, ultimately contributing to the growth of shrimp fed β-1,3-glucan. These results suggested that β-1,3-glucan supplementation improved the intestinal health of white shrimp through the modulation of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, the suppression of intestinal inflammatory response, and the elevation of immune and antioxidant capacity, and subsequently promoted the growth of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Shen
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lixin Bao
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muxin Liu
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiali Ding
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Fang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Mo Peng
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Yang, ; Mo Peng,
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Yang, ; Mo Peng,
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12
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Investigation of antibiotic-resistant vibrios associated with shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farms. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:41. [PMID: 36571636 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For the sustainable farming of disease-free and healthy shrimps, antimicrobial use is frequent nowadays in shrimp-cultured system. Considering the serious impact of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the present study was focused to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant vibrios among infected shrimps (Penaeus vannamei) from two brackish water-cultured farms. Diverse species of vibrios viz. V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. mimicus, and V. fluvialis along with Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida and Shewanella algae were recovered from the shrimps on TCBS medium. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and H' (loge) were 1.506 and 1.69 for the isolates from farm 1 and farm 2, respectively. V. alginolyticus was found to be the most resistant isolate by showing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.60 followed by V. mimicus (0.54) and V. parahaemolyticus (0.42). Among the 35 antibiotics of 15 different classes tested, tetracyclines, beta-lactams and cephalosporins were found as the most resistant antibiotic classes. All the isolates possessed a MAR index > 0.2 and the majority exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 256 mcg/ml, thereby indicating the excess exposure of antibiotics in the systems. An enhanced altered resistance phenotype and a significant shift in the MAR index were noticed after plasmid curing. Public health is further concerning because plasmid-borne AMR is evident among the isolates and the studied shrimp samples are significant in the food industry. This baseline information will help the authorities to curb antimicrobial use and pave the way for establishing new alternative strategies by undertaking a multidimensional "One-Health" approach.
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13
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Abdul Kari Z, Wee W, Mohamad Sukri SA, Che Harun H, Hanif Reduan MF, Irwan Khoo M, Van Doan H, Wen Goh K, Seong Wei L. Role of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on aquatic animals: A mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1023784. [PMID: 36277060 PMCID: PMC9582345 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1023784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a ubiquitous bacterium with various hosts that causes mass mortality in farm-raised fish species and significant economic losses. The current antibiotic treatment is ineffective in controlling this bacterium infection in aquaculture species. Therefore, an evaluation of potential phytobiotics is needed to find an alternative antimicrobial agent to reduce the over-reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture and safeguard public and environmental health. Furthermore, the rise in antibiotic resistance cases among pathogenic bacteria indicates an urgent need for new fish and shellfish health management solutions. In this context, phytobiotics applications in aquaculture can be defined as any medicinal plant-based antimicrobial agent used in fish and shellfish health management. This review will focus on the impacts of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) due to A. hydrophila in aquaculture, the potential of phytobiotics in enhancing the tolerance of aquaculture species against MAS and the combination of phytobiotics with other antimicrobial and therapeutic agents against MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Hien Van Doan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia,Khang Wen Goh
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Lee Seong Wei
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14
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Shi Y, Zheng Y, Bing X, Yuan J. Experimental Study on the Inhibition of Bacteria and Algae by Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi Extract. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221124775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, plant allelopathy, as a new type of biological algal and/or bacterial inhibition technology, has attracted extensive attention. Eight substances were isolated and identified from Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi, and five concentration gradients, as well as a control (0, 1.25, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/L) were set, with three parallels in each group, and then sampled and detected at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. When the concentration was 50 mg/L, the inhibition rate of Anabaena was as high as 74.8%, 69.2%, and 70.7% for ursolic acid, kaempferol, and luteolin, respectively. Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila were cultured to a logarithmic phase, and their final concentrations reached 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.50, 31.25, 15.63, and 7.81 μg/mL. Luteolin and gallic acid showed an inhibitory effect on S iniae and A hydrophila at 1000 μg/mL. We found that allelochemicals also had a certain bacteriostatic effect, among which luteolin has great development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Shi
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
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15
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Wang Z, Wu Q, Liao G, Fan L. New insights into the regulation mechanism of Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas after lipopolysaccharide challenge using transcriptome analyses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:466-473. [PMID: 35987503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is the most economically valuable cultured shrimp in the world, while Gram-negative bacteria infection causes huge economic losses to shrimp culture. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the hepatopancreas in L. vannamei after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, the cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria) injection to investigate the response of shrimp under Gram-negative bacteria invasion. A total of 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (70 up- and 236 down-regulated) were identified in the LPS treatment group (L group) when compared to their expression levels in the control group (C group). The oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491) in the molecular function category was enriched in the LPS-responsive DEGs in GO annotation, and the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (ko00980) was the most enriched pathway in KEGG annotation. The transcriptome profiling revealed that the toll like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and β-1,3-glucan binding protein were involved in the recognition of LPS during its early invasion stage. Although LPS could reduce the metabolic ability of exogenous substances, induce inflammation and reduce antioxidant capacity, L. vannamei could maintain its homeostasis by improving immunity, enhancing anti-stress ability and reducing apoptosis. Our research provides the first transcriptome profiling for the L. vannamei hepatopancreas after LPS injection. These results could offer a valuable reference on the mechanism of shrimp against Gram-negative bacteria and could provide guidance for shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiuping Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guowei Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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16
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Cao H, Gu Y, Diao J, Xu L, Xu T, Jin T, Gai C. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of pathogenic Providencia rettgeri from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2967-e2977. [PMID: 35768955 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Providencia rettgeri has been recognized as a zoonotic pathogen of humans and aquaculture animals, which has become a global public-health concern. Yet scarce information is available on characterization of pathogenic P. rettgeri from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. In the present study, a P. rettgeri isolate (KM4) was confirmed as a causative agent of red leg disease in cultured M. japonicus, which showed the median lethal dose (LD50 ) value of 5.01×105 CFU·mL-1 , and had multiple resistances to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and tetracyclines antimicrobials used in aquaculture. In addition, the whole genome of isolate KM4 was sequenced and found to consist of a single circular chromosome of 4,378,712 bp and a circular plasmid of 171,394 bp. The genome sequence analysis further revealed the presence of potential virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in isolate KM4, which probably rendered this isolate particularly virulent. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize P. rettgeri pathogen from kuruma shrimp infected with red leg disease. The findings of this study can provide novel insights into the presence and distribution of pathogenicity-associated genes in shrimp-pathogenic P. rettgeri. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P.R. China
| | - Jing Diao
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, P.R. China
| | - La Xu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, P.R. China
| | - Tianyue Xu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Jin
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Gai
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, P.R. China
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17
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Elsayis A, Hassan SWM, Ghanem KM, Khairy H. Suggested Sustainable Medical and Environmental Uses of Melanin Pigment From Halotolerant Black Yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:871394. [PMID: 35495654 PMCID: PMC9048979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine ecosystem is a complex niche with unique environmental circumstances. Microbial communities from the sea are one of the main origins of compounds with tremendous capabilities. Marine yeasts have the ability to produce secondary metabolites that are architecturally distinct from those found in terrestrial species. Melanin pigment synthesized by marine halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1 isolated from Mediterranean salt lakes in Alexandria, Egypt was found to exert a radical scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 of 61.38 μg/ml. Furthermore, it showed no cytotoxicity toward human skin fibroblast cell line (HSF) with an IC50 value above 0.1 mg/ml. The antimicrobial capability of the pigment was revealed against the tested number of bacterial and fungal strains with the highest inhibition zone of 25 mm against Aeromonas sp. and a growth inhibition percentage up to 63.6% against Aspergillus niger. From an environmental impact point of view, the pigment disclosed a heavy metal removal efficiency of 85.7, 84.8, and 81.5% for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+, respectively, at 100 mg/L metal concentration. The previously mentioned results suggested melanin from H. werneckii AS1 as a promising biocompatible candidate in various medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elsayis
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar W M Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Khairy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Thaimuangphol W, Sanoamuang L, Wangkahart E. The immune response of fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae against bacterial black disease by de novo transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:108-115. [PMID: 34983002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To enhance genomic resources and to understand the molecular immune mechanisms underlying the response of fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus sirindhornae) to pathogens, we first performed a comparative gene transcription analysis from Aeromonas hydrophila-immunized shrimp and from a control group through RNA sequencing. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated, and a total of 46,958,894 clean reads were obtained and then assembled into 73,297 unigenes with an average length of 993 bp and an N50 of 1,458 bp. Unigenes were annotated by comparison with the NR/NT/KO/SwissProt/PFAM/GO and KOG databases, and 28,198 unigenes (38.47%) were annotated in at least one database. After a bacterial challenge, 143 and 287 genes were identified as markedly up- or downregulated, respectively, and 345 were associated with 142 pathways, including the classic immune-related apoptosis, toll-like receptor and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, ten differently expressed immune-related genes were confirmed by using quantitative real-time PCR. This study characterized a gene expression pattern for normal and Aeromonas hydrophila-immunized S. sirindhornae for the first time and shed new light on its molecular mechanisms, thus enabling the future efforts of disease control programs for this valuable aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipavee Thaimuangphol
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Laorsri Sanoamuang
- Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, International College, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
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20
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Kumar V, Roy S, Behera BK, Swain HS, Das BK. Biofloc Microbiome With Bioremediation and Health Benefits. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741164. [PMID: 34912305 PMCID: PMC8667556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofloc system has recently attracted great attention as a cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly technology and expected to contribute toward human food security (Zero Hunger SDG 2). It is also expected that this endeavor can be adopted widely because of its characteristics of zero water exchange and reduced artificial feeding features. In the biofloc system, the flocs which are generally formed by aggregation of heterotrophic microorganisms, serve as natural bioremediation candidates. These microbes effectively maintain water quality by utilizing the nutrient wastes, mostly originated from digested, unconsumed, and metabolic processes of feed. Additionally, the flocs are important sources of nutrients, mainly a protein source, and when these are consumed by aquaculture animals they improve the growth performance, immunity, and disease tolerance of host against pathogenic microbial infection. Here in this review, we focus on recent advances that could provide a mechanistic insight on how the microbial community developed in the biofloc system helps in the bioremediation process and enhances the overall health of the host. We have also tried to address the possible role of these microbial communities against growth and virulence of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Suvra Roy
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- Fisheries Enhancement and Management (FEM) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
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21
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Aeromonas: the multifaceted middleman in the One Health world. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:24-32. [PMID: 34717260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas is at the interface of all the One Health components and represents an amazingly sound test case in the One Health approach, from economic loss in aquaculture tochallenges related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected from the environment. In human health, infections following leech therapy is an outstanding example of such One Health challenges. Aeromonads are not only ubiquitous environmental bacteria, able to rapidly colonize and cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, they are also capable of promoting interactions and gene exchanges between the One Health components. This makes this genus a key amplifier of genetic transfer, especially of antibiotic resistance genes.
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22
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Xu L, Zhou X, Wu Y, Yang J, Xu H. A novel SNW/SKIP domain-containing protein, Bx42, is involved in the antibacterial responses of Macrobrachium nipponense. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103788. [PMID: 32692995 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bx42, the homologue of SNW1 in mammals, is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and transcriptional regulation. However, the presence and function of Bx42 have remained poorly understood in invertebrates until now. In the current study, a novel SNW domain-containing protein (MnBx42) from Macrobrachium nipponense was identified, and its potential role in the immune response was investigated. The full-length MnBx42 was 7467 bp with an open reading frame of 1653 bp, encoding 550 amino acids. Real-time PCR analysis suggested that MnBx42 was predominantly expressed in the intestine, gills and hepatopancreas, and immunofluorescence assays indicated that it was located in the nucleus. Its expression level was significantly decreased in M. nipponense post-challenge with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) as well as Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus, implying its participation in the innate immune response. The knockdown of MnBx42 in vivo notably increased the susceptibility of the prawns to bacterial infection, markedly increased the bacterial load in the gills, and significantly attenuated the phagocytic activity of haemocytes. Dual-luciferase reporter assays illustrated that MnBx42 could activate the NF-κB pathway. Consistent with this, when MnBx42 was silenced in vivo, the expression levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including ALF2, ALF3, ALF4, ALF5, Cru1 and Cru2, and NF-κB signalling genes, including dorsal, relish, TAK1, TAB1, Ikkβ, and Ikkε, were significantly reduced. Taken together, these findings may provide new insights about Bx42 in crustaceans and pave the way for a better understanding of the crustacean innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyi Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiefei Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - JingJing Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Haisheng Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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23
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Wang D, Li J, Zhu G, Zhao K, Jiang W, Li H, Wang W, Kumar V, Dong S, Zhu W, Tian X. Mechanism of the Potential Therapeutic Candidate Bacillus subtilis BSXE-1601 Against Shrimp Pathogenic Vibrios and Multifunctional Metabolites Biosynthetic Capability of the Strain as Predicted by Genome Analysis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581802. [PMID: 33193216 PMCID: PMC7649127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The global shrimp industry has suffered bacterial diseases caused mainly by Vibrio species. The typical vibriosis, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), has resulted in mass mortality and devastating economic losses. Thus, therapeutic strategies are highly needed to decrease the risk of vibriosis outbreaks. Herein, we initially identified that the growth of the causative agent of AHPND, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP AHPND ) and other vibrios in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was inhibited by a Bacillus subtilis strain BSXE-1601. The natural products amicoumacins A, B, and C were purified from the cell-free supernatant from the strain BSXE-1601, but only amicoumacin A was demonstrated to be responsible for this anti-Vibrio activity. Our discovery provided the first evidence that amicoumacin A was highly active against shrimp pathogens, including the representative strain VP AHPND . Furthermore, we elucidated the amicoumacin A biosynthetic gene cluster by whole genome sequencing of the B. subtilis strain BSXE-1601. In addition to amicoumacin A, the strain BSXE-1601 genome harbored other genes encoding bacillibactin, fengycin, surfactin, bacilysin, and subtilosin A, all of which have previously reported antagonistic activities against pathogenic strains. The whole-genome analysis provided unequivocal evidence in support of the huge potential of the strain BSXE-1601 to produce diverse biologically antagonistic natural products, which may facilitate further studies on the effective therapeutics for detrimental diseases in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Lab of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiahui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Haidong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Lab of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangli Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
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Aeromonas schubertii, a novel bacterium recovered from AHPND affected farm is lethal to whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104501. [PMID: 32950638 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective diagnosis of a bacterial collection (n = 31) originated from five farms reportedly affected by early mortality syndrome (EMS) in Southeast Asia in 2016 revealed that 9/31 isolates from two farms tested positive for V. parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND). Molecular analysis of the 22 remaining isolates showed that 21 isolates belong to Vibrio species including VPnon-AHPND, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, V. owensii and V. alginolyticus. One isolate from an AHPND farm was preliminarily identified as Aeromonas schubertii based on 99.43% nucleotide identity of 16S rRNA to the reference strain ATCC 43700 (X60416). Diseases caused by Vibrio bacteria have been well-studied in shrimp while pathogenic potential of non-Vibrio species has been relatively overlooked. Since the description of A. schubertii present in shrimp farms is rare, this study therefore focused on species identification and its pathogenic potential to shrimp based on a combination of multiple approaches i.e. multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), challenge test, histopathology and in situ hybridization (ISH). Based on MLSA of 2464 bp derived from 16S rRNA (1346 bp), gyrB (568 bp) and rpoB (550 bp), this isolate was confirmed as A. schubertii. Immersion challenge using three successive 10-fold serial dilutions (2 × 104 to 2 × 106 CFU/mL) revealed that A. schubertii was pathogenic to shrimp and cumulative mortalities were dose-dependent (45-70%). The diseased shrimp exhibited gross sign of reddish body and remarkable histopathological lesion of collapsed hepatopancreatic tubules and typical encapsulation. ISH using A. schubertii-specific probe confirmed localization of bacteria in the hepatopancreas of the infected shrimp. In summary, this study reported a novel pathogenic, non-Vibrio species, A. schubertii recovered from an AHPND-affected farm causing up to 70% mortality in immersion challenge. Since A. schubertii is relatively new to shrimp, this may pose a potential risk for low salinity shrimp farming areas, active surveillance of this pathogen, therefore, should not be overlooked.
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Virulence-Associated Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates from Animal, Food, and Human Sources in Brazil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1052607. [PMID: 32461959 PMCID: PMC7229560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1052607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonads are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and may be associated with various human or animal diseases. Its pathogenicity is complex and multifactorial and is associated with many virulence factors. In this study, 110 selected Aeromonas hydrophila isolates isolated from food, animals, and human clinical material from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the virulence genes hemolysin (hlyA), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt), aerolysin (aerA), and DNase-nuclease (exu). At least 92.7% of the isolates had one of the investigated virulence genes. Twenty different virulence profiles among the isolates were recognized, and the five investigated virulence genes were observed in four isolates. Human source isolates showed greater diversity than food and animal sources. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 46.4% of the isolates, and multidrug resistance was detected in 3.6% of the isolates. Among the 120 isolates, 45% were resistant to cefoxitin; 23.5% to nalidixic acid; 16.6% to tetracycline; 13.7% to cefotaxime and imipenem; 11.8% to ceftazidime; 5.9% to amikacin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; and 3.9% to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. Overall, the findings of our study indicated the presence of virulence genes and that antimicrobial resistance in A. hydrophila isolates in this study is compatible with potentially pathogenic bacteria. This information will allow us to recognize the potential risk through circulating isolates in animal health and public health and the spread through the food chain offering subsidies for appropriate sanitary actions.
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