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Ngolong Ngea GL, Yang Q, Xu M, Ianiri G, Dhanasekaran S, Zhang X, Bi Y, Zhang H. Revisiting the current and emerging concepts of postharvest fresh fruit and vegetable pathology for next-generation antifungal technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13397. [PMID: 38924311 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) can lead to safety problems, including consumer poisoning by mycotoxins. Various strategies exist to control fungal infections of FFVs, but their effectiveness and sustainability are limited. Recently, new concepts based on the microbiome and pathobiome have emerged and offer a more holistic perspective for advancing postharvest pathogen control techniques. Understanding the role of the microbiome in FFV infections is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This review examines current and emerging approaches to postharvest pathology. It reviews what is known about the initiation and development of infections in FFVs. As a promising concept, the pathobiome offers new insights into the basic mechanisms of microbial infections in FFVs. The underlying mechanisms uncovered by the pathobiome are being used to develop more relevant global antifungal strategies. This review will also focus on new technologies developed to target the microbiome and members of the pathobiome to control infections in FFVs and improve safety by limiting mycotoxin contamination. Specifically, this review stresses emerging technologies related to FFVs that are relevant for modifying the interaction between FFVs and the microbiome and include the use of microbial consortia, the use of genomic technology to manipulate host and microbial community genes, and the use of databases, deep learning, and artificial intelligence to identify pathobiome markers. Other approaches include programming the behavior of FFVs using synthetic biology, modifying the microbiome using sRNA technology, phages, quorum sensing, and quorum quenching strategies. Rapid adoption and commercialization of these technologies are recommended to further improve the overall safety of FFVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Département de Transformation et Contrôle de qualité des Produits Halieutiques, Institut des Sciences Halieutiques, Université de Douala à Yabassi, Douala-Bassa, Cameroun
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meiqiu Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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wen A, Zhu Y, Geng Y, Qin L. Physiological response of chestnuts ( Castanea mollissima Blume) infected by pathogenic fungi and their correlation with fruit decay. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101450. [PMID: 38779498 PMCID: PMC11108979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The postharvest decay of chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume) limits their industrial utilization, and pathogenic fungi are the main cause for chestnut decay. In this study, the physiological changes and their correlation with the rotting degree of chestnuts were investigated during single or mixed infection by Fusarium proliferatum, Penicillium crustosum, and Alternaria alternata. During the infection period, the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) and antioxidant enzymes firstly increased and then decreased, the contents of nutrients decreased, but the levels of physiological indexes increased. The mycelium and spores of pathogenic fungi colonized the intercellular space, and then the mycelium covered the entire tissue surface of chestnuts, leading to the disappearance of cell structure. Notably, the most prominent changes in physiological indexes and ultrastructure were observed in chestnuts infected with three pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the rotting degree of chestnuts was positively correlated with the levels of CWDEs, antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan wen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Zhijin County Market and Quality Supervision Administration, Zhijin, 552100, China
| | | | - Likang Qin
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Medicine and Food, Guiyang 550025, China
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3
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Sánchez-Torres P, González-Candelas L, Ballester AR. Discovery and Transcriptional Profiling of Penicillium digitatum Genes That Could Promote Fungal Virulence during Citrus Fruit Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:235. [PMID: 38667906 PMCID: PMC11051341 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc is the most prevalent postharvest rot concerning citrus fruits. Using the subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) technique, different P. digitatum genes have been identified that could be involved in virulence during citrus infection in the early stages, a crucial moment that determines whether the infection progresses or not. To this end, a comparison of two P. digitatum strains with high and low virulence has been carried out. We conducted a study on the gene expression profile of the most relevant genes. The results indicate the importance of transcription and regulation processes as well as enzymes involved in the degradation of the plant cell wall. The most represented expressed sequence tag (EST) was identified as PDIP_11000, associated with the FluG domain, which is putatively involved in the activation of conidiation. It is also worth noting that PDIP_02280 encodes a pectin methyl esterase, a cell wall remodeling protein with a high expression level in the most virulent fungal strains, which is notably induced during citrus infection. Furthermore, within the group with the greatest representation and showing significant induction in the early stages of infection, regulatory proteins (PDIP_68700, PDIP_76160) and a chaperone (PDIP_38040) stand out. To a lesser extent, but not less relevant, it is worth distinguishing different regulatory proteins and transcription factors, such as PDIP_00580, PDIP_49640 and PDIP_78930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Ballester
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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4
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Sun Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Sang Y, Mei S, Xu C, Yu X, Pan T, Cheng C, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Gao Z. The Effects of Storage Temperature, Light Illumination, and Low-Temperature Plasma on Fruit Rot and Change in Quality of Postharvest Gannan Navel Oranges. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223707. [PMID: 36429299 PMCID: PMC9689076 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gannan navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) is an economically important fruit, but postharvest loss occurs easily during storage. In this study, the effects of different temperatures, light illuminations, and low-temperature plasma treatments on the water loss and quality of the Gannan navel orange were investigated. The fruit began to rot after 90 d of storage at 5 °C and 20-45 d at 26 °C. Navel oranges stored at 26 °C had 7.2-fold and 3.1-fold higher rates of water loss at the early and late storage stages, respectively, as compared with those stored at 5 °C. Storage at 5 °C decreased the contents of total soluble solids at the early storage stage and the contents of titratable acids at the late storage stage, whereas storage at 26 °C decreased the contents of total soluble solids at the late storage stage and the contents of titratable acids at the early storage stage, respectively. Application of low-temperature plasma produced by air ionization for 6 min, or continuous blue or red light illumination significantly inhibited water loss within 7 and 21 d of storage at 22 °C, respectively, but exhibited no significant effect on fruit quality. Furthermore, the low-temperature plasma treatment protected against fruit rot. Thus, treatment with low-temperature plasma followed by storage at a low temperature under continuous red or blue light illumination was of potential value as a green technology for preserving Gannan navel orange during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yali Sang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Siyi Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chaobin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xingguo Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Taoyu Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (Z.G.)
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5
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DNA metabarcoding of fungal communities in Heshouwu (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.). Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Tian S, Li B. Application of -omic technologies in postharvest pathology: Recent advances and perspectives. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Metabonomics analysis of postharvest citrus response to Penicillium digitatum infection. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Albedo- and Flavedo-Specific Transcriptome Profiling Related to Penicillium digitatum Infection in Citrus Fruit. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092196. [PMID: 34574307 PMCID: PMC8467057 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. Although the inner fruit peel part (albedo) is less resistant than the outer part (flavedo) to P. digitatum, the global mechanisms involved in their different susceptibility remain unknown. Here, we examine transcriptome differences between both tissues at fruit harvest and in their early responses to infection. At harvest, not only was secondary metabolism, involving phenylpropanoids, waxes, and terpenoids, generally induced in flavedo vs. albedo, but also energy metabolism, transcription factors (TFs), and biotic stress-related hormones and proteins too. Flavedo-specific induced responses to infection might be regulated in part by ERF1 TF, and are related to structural plant cell wall reinforcement. Other induced responses may be related to H2O2, the synthesis of phenylpropanoids, and the stress-related proteins required to maintain basal defense responses against virulent pathogens, whereas P. digitatum represses some hydrolase-encoding genes that play different functions and auxin-responsive genes in this peel tissue. In infected albedo, the repression of transport and signal transduction prevail, as does the induction of not only the processes related to the synthesis of flavonoids, indole glucosinolates, cutin, and oxylipins, but also the specific genes that elicit plant immunity against pathogens.
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Prusky DB, Sionov E. Special Issue "Interplay between Fungal Pathogens and Harvested Crops and Fruits". Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030553. [PMID: 33800331 PMCID: PMC7998692 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between fungal pathogens and harvest crops is important in determining the extent of food losses following the storage and transport of crops to consumers. The specific factors modulating the activation of colonization are of key importance to determining the initiation of fungal colonization and host losses. It is clear nowadays from the wide number of transcription studies in colonized fruits that pathogenicity in postharvest produce is not only the result of activation of fungal pathogenicity factors but is significantly contributed to fruit maturity and ripening. In this editorial summary of the Special Issue "Interplay between Fungal Pathogens and Harvested Crops and Fruits", we present a short summary of future research directions on the importance of the interplay between fruit and pathogens and nine published papers (one review and eight original research papers), covering a wide range of subjects within the mechanism of pathogenicity by postharvest pathogens, including transcriptome analysis of pathogenesis, pathogenicity factors, new antifungal compounds and food toxin occurrence by pathogens. This summary may lead the reader to understand the key factors modulating pathogenicity in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov B. Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward Sionov
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization—The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
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Phytotoxic Tryptoquialanines Produced In Vivo by Penicillium digitatum Are Exported in Extracellular Vesicles. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03393-20. [PMID: 33563828 PMCID: PMC7885104 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03393-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the postharvest period, citrus fruits can be affected by phytopathogens such as Penicillium digitatum, which causes green mold disease and is responsible for up to 90% of total citrus losses. Chemical fungicides are widely used to prevent green mold disease, leading to concerns about environmental and health risks. Penicillium digitatum is the most aggressive pathogen of citrus fruits. Tryptoquialanines are major indole alkaloids produced by P. digitatum. It is unknown if tryptoquialanines are involved in the damage of citrus fruits caused by P. digitatum. To investigate the pathogenic roles of tryptoquialanines, we initially asked if tryptoquialanines could affect the germination of Citrus sinensis seeds. Exposure of the citrus seeds to tryptoquialanine A resulted in a complete inhibition of germination and an altered metabolic response. Since this phytotoxic effect requires the extracellular export of tryptoquialanine A, we investigated the mechanisms of extracellular delivery of this alkaloid in P. digitatum. We detected extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by P. digitatum both in culture and during infection of citrus fruits. Compositional analysis of EVs produced during infection revealed the presence of a complex cargo, which included tryptoquialanines and the mycotoxin fungisporin. The EVs also presented phytotoxicity activity in vitro and caused damage to the tissues of citrus seeds. Through molecular networking, it was observed that the metabolites present in the P. digitatum EVs are produced in all of its possible hosts. Our results reveal a novel phytopathogenic role of P. digitatum EVs and tryptoquialanine A, implying that this alkaloid is exported in EVs during plant infection.
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Díaz MA, Pereyra MM, Santander FFS, Perez MF, Córdoba JM, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Dib JR. Protection of Citrus Fruits from Postharvest Infection with Penicillium digitatum and Degradation of Patulin by Biocontrol Yeast Clavispora lusitaniae 146. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1477. [PMID: 32993018 PMCID: PMC7601000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal rots are one of the main causes of large economic losses and deterioration in the quality and nutrient composition of fruits during the postharvest stage. The yeast Clavispora lusitaniae 146 has previously been shown to efficiently protect lemons from green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. In this work, the effect of yeast concentration and exposure time on biocontrol efficiency was assessed; the protection of various citrus fruits against P. digitatum by C. lusitaniae 146 was evaluated; the ability of strain 146 to degrade mycotoxin patulin was tested; and the effect of the treatment on the sensory properties of fruits was determined. An efficient protection of lemons was achieved after minimum exposure to a relatively low yeast cell concentration. Apart from lemons, the yeast prevented green mold in grapefruits, mandarins, oranges, and tangerines, implying that it can be used as a broad-range biocontrol agent in citrus. The ability to degrade patulin indicated that strain 146 may be suitable for the control of further Penicillium species. Yeast treatment did not alter the sensory perception of the aroma of fruits. These results corroborate the potential of C. lusitaniae 146 for the control of postharvest diseases of citrus fruits and indicate its suitability for industrial-scale fruit processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Andrea Díaz
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Martina María Pereyra
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Fabricio Fabián Soliz Santander
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - María Florencia Perez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Josefina María Córdoba
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Julián Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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Chen C, Cai N, Chen J, Wan C. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach Reveals the Antifungal Potential of Pinocembroside against Citrus Green Mold Phytopathogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E17. [PMID: 31877872 PMCID: PMC7020183 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembroside (PiCB) isolated from Ficus hirta Vahl. fruit was studied herein with the aim to find the potential mechanism for significant inhibition of growth of Penicillium digitatum, a causative pathogen of citrus green mold disease. PiCB substantially inhibited mycelial growth of P. digitatum, with the observed half maximal effective concentration (EC50), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 120.3, 200, and 400 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, PiCB altered hyphal morphology and cellular morphology by breaking and shrinking of mycelia, decomposing cell walls, cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to, a non-targeted metabolomics analysis by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was also performed, which revealed that PiCB treatment notably disrupted the metabolisms of amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, TCA, and ribonucleic acids, thereby contributing to membrane peroxidation. Current findings provide a new perception into the antifungal mechanism of PiCB treatment in inhibiting P. digitatum growth through membrane peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Nan Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.C.); (N.C.)
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13
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Study on the Infection Mechanism of Penicillium Digitatum on Postharvest Citrus ( Citrus Reticulata Blanco) Based on Transcriptomics. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120672. [PMID: 31835573 PMCID: PMC6956011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important pathogens known widely to cause postharvest losses of citrus. It is significant to explore its infection mechanism to improve the control technology of postharvest diseases of citrus. This research aimed to study the changes in gene expression of P. digitatum at its early stages of citrus infection by transcriptomics sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in order to explore the molecular mechanism of its infection. The results showed that genes associated with pathogenic factors, such as cell wall degrading enzymes, ethylene, organic acids, and effectors, were significantly up-regulated. Concurrently, genes related to anti-oxidation and iron transport were equally up-regulated at varying degrees. From this study, we demonstrated a simple blueprint for the infection mechanism of P. digitatum in Citrus reticulata Blanco, which provided a new direction for subsequent pathological research and paves the way for developing new control strategies.
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