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Mishra AH, Mohan S, Gutti P, Krishna S, Sundaraman S, Chakraborti S, Jaiswal AK, Nambi Raj NA, Mishra D. Bioselective and Radiopaque Zinc-Biopolymeric Complex-Based Porous Biomaterials Promote Mammalian Tissue Ingrowth In Vivo While Inhibiting Microbial Biofilm Gene Expression and Biofilm Formation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3701-3713. [PMID: 38748449 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic complexes have shown astounding bioactive properties; however, they are rarely explored as biomaterials. Recent studies showed that carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMC) genipin-conjugated zinc biomimetic scaffolds have unique bioselective properties. The biomaterial was reported to be mammalian cell-friendly; at the same time, it was found to discourage microbial biofilm formation on its surface, which seemed to be a promising solution to addressing the problem of trauma-associated biofilm formation and development of antimicrobial resistance. However, the mechanically frail characteristics and zinc overload raise concerns and limit the potential of the said biomaterials. Hence, the present work is focused on improving the strength of the earlier scaffold formulations, testing its in vivo efficacy and reaffirming its action against biofilm-forming microbe Staphylococcus aureus. Scaling up of CMC proportion increased rigidity, and 8% CMC was found to be the ideal concentration for robust scaffold fabrication. Freeze-dried CMC scaffolds with or without genipin (GP) cross-linking were conjugated with zinc using 2 M zinc acetate solution. Characterization results indicated that the CMC-Zn scaffolds, without genipin, showed mechanical properties close to bone fillers, resist in vitro enzymatic degradation until 4 weeks, are porous in nature, and have radiopacity close to mandibular bones. Upon implantation in a subcutaneous pocket of Wistar rats, the scaffolds showed tissue in-growth with simultaneous degradation without any signs of toxicity past 28 days. Neither were there any signs of toxicity in any of the vital organs. Considering many superior properties among the other formulations, the CMC-Zn scaffolds were furthered for biofilm studies. CMC-Zn showed negligible S. aureus biofilm formation on its surface as revealed by an alamar blue-based study. RT-PCR analysis revealed that CMC-Zn downregulated the expression of pro-biofilm effector genes such as icaC and clfB. A protein docking study predicted the inhibitory mechanism of CMC-Zn. Although it binds strongly when alone, at high density, it may cause inactivation of the transmembrane upstream activators of the said genes, thereby preventing their dimerization and subsequent inactivation of the effector genes. In conclusion, zinc-conjugated carboxymethyl-chitosan scaffolds are mechanically robust, porous, yet biodegradable, harmless to the host in the long term, they are radiopaque and prevent biofilm gene expression in notorious microbes; hence, they could be a suitable candidate for bone filler applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Hitendra Mishra
- Bioinspired Design Lab, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sanjukta Mohan
- Bioinspired Design Lab, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Pavan Gutti
- Bioinspired Design Lab, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sreevatsan Krishna
- Bioinspired Design Lab, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sugunapriyadarshini Sundaraman
- Bioinspired Design Lab, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sourangshu Chakraborti
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - N Arunai Nambi Raj
- School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Debasish Mishra
- Bioinspired Design Lab, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Montoya C, Baraniya D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Orrego S. The effect of dental material type and masticatory forces on periodontitis-derived subgingival microbiomes. Biofilm 2024; 7:100199. [PMID: 38800100 PMCID: PMC11127099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Restorative dental materials can frequently extend below the gingival margin, serving as a potential haven for microbial colonization, and altering the local oral microbiome to ignite infection. However, the contribution of dental materials on driving changes of the composition of the subgingival microbiome is under-investigated. This study evaluated the microbiome-modulating properties of three biomaterials, namely resin dental composites (COM), antimicrobial piezoelectric composites (BTO), and hydroxyapatite (HA), using an optimized in vitro subgingival microbiome model derived from patients with periodontal disease. Dental materials were subjected to static or cyclic loading (mastication forces) during biofilm growth. Microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dysbiosis was measured in terms of subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI). Biomaterials subjected to cyclic masticatory loads were associated with enhanced biofilm viability except on the antibacterial composite. Biomaterials held static were associated with increased biofilm biomass, especially on HA surfaces. Overall, the microbiome richness (Chao index) was similar for all the biomaterials and loading conditions. However, the microbiome diversity (Shannon index) for the HA beams was significantly different than both composites. In addition, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between composites and HA biomaterials, and between both loading conditions (static and cyclic). Under static conditions, microbiomes formed over HA surfaces resulted in increased dysbiosis compared to composites through the enrichment of periopathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Fretibacterium spp., and depletion of commensals such as Granulicatella and Streptococcus spp. Interestingly, cyclic loading reversed the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over HA (depletion of periopathogenes) but increased the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over composites (enrichment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterim nucleatum). Comparison of species formed on both composites (control and antibacterial) showed some differences. Commercial composites enriched Selenomonas spp. and depleted Campylobacter concisus. Piezoelectric composites effectively controlled the microbiome viability without significantly impacting the species abundance. Findings of this work open new understandings of the effects of different biomaterials on the modulation of oral biofilms and the relationship with oral subgingival infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Gaillac A, Gourin C, Dubreil L, Briandet R, Prévost H, Jaffrès E. Biofilm formation of the food spoiler Brochothrix thermosphacta on different industrial surface materials using a biofilm reactor. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104457. [PMID: 38431311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Brochothrix thermosphacta is considered as a major food spoiler bacteria. This study evaluates biofilm formation by B. thermosphacta CD337(2) - a strong biofilm producer strain - on three food industry materials (polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), and stainless steel (SS)). Biofilms were continuously grown under flow at 25 °C in BHI broth in a modified CDC biofilm reactor. Bacterial cells were enumerated by plate counting, and biofilm spatial organization was deciphered by combining confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. The biofilms had the same growth kinetics on all three materials and reach 8log CFU/cm2 as maximal concentration. Highly structured biofilms were observed on PC and PS, but less structured ones on SS. This difference was confirmed by structural quantification analysis using the image analysis software tool BiofilmQ. Biofilm on SS show less roughness, density, thickness and volume. The biofilm 3D structure seemed to be related to the coupon topography and roughness. The materials used in this study do not affect biofilm growth. However, their roughness and topography affect the biofilm architecture, which could influence biofilm behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Romain Briandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Bouhrour N, Nibbering PH, Bendali F. Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38787246 PMCID: PMC11124157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary catheters (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, the implantation of these devices is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% of nosocomial infections (NIs) are linked to biofilms. The main complication is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms which protect them and help them to persist in the host. Indeed, by crossing the skin barrier, the insertion of VC inevitably allows skin flora or accidental environmental contaminants to access the underlying tissues and cause fatal complications like bloodstream infections (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central venous catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur in intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate of 12 to 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most commonlyhospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide.These infections represent up to 40% of NIs.In this review, we present a summary of biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview of two main and important infections in clinical settings linked to medical devices, namely the catheter-asociated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), and highlight also the most multidrug resistant bacteria implicated in these infections. Furthermore, we draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, and advanced antimicrobial and antifouling approaches developed to reduce bacterial colonization on catheter surfaces and the incidence of the catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Calvigioni M, Rossi V, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Batoni G, Ghelardi E. Anti-Staphylococcal Biofilm Effects of a Liposome-Based Formulation Containing Citrus Polyphenols. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:318. [PMID: 38666994 PMCID: PMC11047357 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-associated microbial communities embedded in a matrix that is almost impenetrable to antibiotics, thus constituting a critical health threat. Biofilm formation on the cornea or ocular devices can lead to serious and difficult-to-treat infections. Nowadays, natural molecules with antimicrobial activity and liposome-based delivery systems are proposed as anti-biofilm candidates. In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of a formulation containing citrus polyphenols encapsulated in liposomes was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most common agents in ocular infections. The formulation activity against planktonic staphylococci was tested by broth microdilution and sub-inhibitory concentrations were used to evaluate the effect on biofilm formation using the crystal violet (CV) assay. The eradicating effect of the preparation on mature biofilms was investigated by the CV assay, plate count, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The product was bactericidal against staphylococci at a dilution of 1:2 or 1:4 and able to reduce biofilm formation even if diluted at 1:64. The formulation also had the ability to reduce the biomass of mature biofilms without affecting the number of cells, suggesting activity on the extracellular matrix. Overall, our results support the application of the used liposome-encapsulated polyphenols as an anti-biofilm strategy to counter biofilm-associated ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy; (D.M.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.); (F.C.); (A.L.); (G.B.)
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Hickok NJ, Li B, Oral E, Zaat SAJ, Armbruster DA, Atkins GJ, Chen AF, Coraça-Huber DC, Dai T, Greenfield EM, Kasinath R, Libera M, Marques CNH, Moriarty TF, Scott Phillips K, Raghuraman K, Ren D, Rimondini L, Saeed K, Schaer TP, Schwarz EM, Spiegel C, Stoodley P, Truong VK, Tsang STJ, Wildemann B, Zelmer AR, Zinkernagel AS. The 2023 Orthopedic Research Society's international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the in vitro section. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:512-517. [PMID: 38146070 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial strategies for musculoskeletal infections are typically first developed with in vitro models. The In Vitro Section of the 2023 Orthopedic Research Society Musculoskeletal Infection international consensus meeting (ICM) probed our state of knowledge of in vitro systems with respect to bacteria and biofilm phenotype, standards, in vitro activity, and the ability to predict in vivo efficacy. A subset of ICM delegates performed systematic reviews on 15 questions and made recommendations and assessment of the level of evidence that were then voted on by 72 ICM delegates. Here, we report recommendations and rationale from the reviews and the results of the internet vote. Only two questions received a ≥90% consensus vote, emphasizing the disparate approaches and lack of established consensus for in vitro modeling and interpretation of results. Comments on knowledge gaps and the need for further research on these critical MSKI questions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen J Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ebru Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Débora C Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Implant Associated Infections (Biofilm Lab), University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Experimental Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward M Greenfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Matthew Libera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - K Scott Phillips
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control, Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Kordo Saeed
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester and Basingstoke, UK
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Spiegel
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department Microbial Infection and Immunity and Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shao-Ting Jerry Tsang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja R Zelmer
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chittams-Miles AE, Malik A, Purcell EB, Muratori C. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields increase antibiotic susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0299223. [PMID: 38092563 PMCID: PMC10783032 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02992-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We have found that treatment with short electric pulses potentiates the effects of multiple antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. By reducing the dose of antibiotic necessary to be effective, co-treatment with electric pulses could amplify the effects of standard antibiotic dosing to treat S. aureus infections such as skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). SSTIs are accessible to physical intervention and are good candidates for electric pulse co-treatment, which could be adopted as a step-in wound and abscess debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Chittams-Miles
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Areej Malik
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Erin B. Purcell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Lee JI, Kim SS, Kang DH. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm matured in tryptic soy broth, low-fat milk, or whole milk samples along with inactivation by 405 nm light combined with folic acid. Food Microbiol 2023; 116:104350. [PMID: 37689424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms matured in tryptic soy broth (TSB), low-fat milk, or whole milk samples were identified along with their resistance to 405 nm light with or without folic acid. Phenotypic properties of carbohydrate and protein contents in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of S. aureus biofilms matured in different conditions were identified. The carbohydrate content was higher in the biofilm matured in low-fat milk (1.27) than the samples matured in whole milk (0.58) and TSB (0.10). Protein content in the EPS of biofilm was higher in the sample matured in whole milk (6.59) than the samples matured in low-fat milk (3.24) and TSB (2.08). Moreover, the maturation condition had a significant effect on the membrane lipid composition of the biofilm, producing more unsaturated fatty acids in biofilm matured in milk samples. These changes in biofilm matured in milk samples increased the resistance of S. aureus to 405 nm light in the presence of folic acid (LFA). Additionally, transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify the response of S. aureus biofilm to LFA treatment. Several genes related to DNA and protein protection from oxidative stress along with biofilm accumulation were overexpressed in the LFA-treated biofilms. These results indicate the maturation of S. aureus biofilm in various samples and the biofilms responses to bactericidal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ik Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Kim
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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9
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León Madrazo A, Segura Campos MR. Antibacterial properties of peptides from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) applied to pork meat preservation. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4194-4217. [PMID: 37655475 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chia-derived peptides might represent a novel alternative to conventional preservatives in food. Despite the antibacterial potential of these molecules, their food application is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate chia-derived peptides' antibacterial and antibiofilm potential in food preservation. The peptides YACLKVK, KLKKNL, KLLKKYL, and KKLLKI were synthesized, and their antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Enteritidis was evaluated through microdilution tests. A bacterial killing kinetic assay determined bacterial growth over time. The ability to prevent and eradicate S. aureus biofilm was assessed by crystal violet staining. The hemolytic and cytotoxic activities were determined in human red blood cells and fibroblasts using free hemoglobin detection and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays, respectively. Finally, a microbial challenge was performed on meat samples inoculated with L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis to determine their inhibitory effects on pork meat. Results showed the potential antibacterial activity of these peptides, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 5.58 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibition percentages were above 40%, and eradication percentages were lower than 20%. In vitro assays in human red blood cells and fibroblasts demonstrated that peptides are not hemolytic or cytotoxic agents. In microbiological challenge testing, KKLLKI showed the most promising antibacterial effects against S. Enteritidis on refrigerated pork meat samples. These findings suggest that chia-derived peptides have the potential as natural food preservatives due to their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Notably, KKLLKI demonstrated promising antibacterial effects against Salmonella spp. on a complex food matrix, such as pork meat. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chia-derived peptides can be a safer alternative to synthetic preservatives in the food industry because the latter may be detrimental to human health. Salmonella spp. growth on chilled pork meat was shown to be inhibited by the peptide KKLLKI, indicating that the use of these peptides may offer a more secure and natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaí León Madrazo
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Merida, Mexico
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10
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Samaniego LVB, Higasi PMR, de Mello Capetti CC, Cortez AA, Pratavieira S, de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini V, Dabul ANG, Segato F, Polikarpov I. Staphylococcus aureus microbial biofilms degradation using cellobiose dehydrogenase from Thermothelomyces thermophilus M77. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125822. [PMID: 37451383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reports biochemical characterization of Thermothelomyces thermophilus cellobiose dehydrogenase (TthCDHIIa) and its application as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent. We demonstrate that TthCDHIIa is thermostable in different ionic solutions and is capable of oxidizing multiple mono and oligosaccharide substrates and to continuously produce H2O2. Kinetics measurements depict the enzyme catalytic characteristics consistent with an Ascomycota class II CDH. Our structural analyses show that TthCDHIIa substrate binding pocket is spacious enough to accommodate larger cello and xylooligosaccharides. We also reveal that TthCDHIIa supplemented with cellobiose reduces the viability of S. aureus ATCC 25923 up to 32 % in a planktonic growth model and also inhibits its biofilm growth on 62.5 %. Furthermore, TthCDHIIa eradicates preformed S. aureus biofilms via H2O2 oxidative degradation of the biofilm matrix, making these bacteria considerably more susceptible to gentamicin and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Miwa Rabelo Higasi
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Cesar de Mello Capetti
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelyse Abreu Cortez
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Nicoli Gebieluca Dabul
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Lorena School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Grigor’eva AE, Bardasheva AV, Ryabova ES, Tupitsyna AV, Zadvornykh DA, Koroleva LS, Silnikov VN, Tikunova NV, Ryabchikova EI. Changes in the Ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus Cells Make It Possible to Identify and Analyze the Injuring Effects of Ciprofloxacin, Polycationic Amphiphile and Their Hybrid. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2192. [PMID: 37764036 PMCID: PMC10537381 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposeful development of synthetic antibacterial compounds requires an understanding of the relationship between effects of compounds and their chemical structure. This knowledge can be obtained by studying changes in bacteria ultrastructure under the action of antibacterial compounds of a certain chemical structure. Our study was aimed at examination of ultrastructural changes in S. aureus cells caused by polycationic amphiphile based on 1,4‒diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DL412), ciprofloxacin and their hybrid (DL5Cip6); the samples were incubated for 15 and 45 min. DL412 first directly interacted with bacterial cell wall, damaging it, then penetrated into the cell and disrupted cytoplasm. Ciprofloxacin penetrated into cell without visually damaging the cell wall, but altered the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and inhibited the division of bacteria. The ultrastructural characteristics of S. aureus cells damaged by the hybrid clearly differed from those under ciprofloxacin or DL412 action. Signs associated with ciprofloxacin predominated in cell damage patterns from the hybrid. We studied the effect of ciprofloxacin, DL412 and their hybrid on S. aureus biofilm morphology using paraffin sections. Clear differences in compound effects on S. aureus biofilm (45 min incubation) were observed. The results obtained allow us to recommend this simple and cheap approach for the initial assessment of antibiofilm properties of synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena I. Ryabchikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Lavrent’ev av., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.E.G.); (A.V.B.); (E.S.R.); (A.V.T.); (D.A.Z.); (L.S.K.); (V.N.S.); (N.V.T.)
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12
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Hou Z, Liu L, Wei J, Xu B. Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3271-3292. [PMID: 37255882 PMCID: PMC10226514 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen with a variety of virulence factors, which can cause multiple infectious diseases. In recent decades, due to the constant evolution and the abuse of antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus was becoming more resistant, the infection rate of MRSA remained high, and clinical treatment of MRSA became more difficult. The genetic diversity of MRSA was mainly represented by the continuous emergence of epidemic strains, resulting in the constant changes of epidemic clones. Different classes of MRSA resulted in different epidemics and resistance characteristics, which could affect the clinical symptoms and treatments. MRSA had also spread from traditional hospitals to community and livestock environments, and the new clones established a relationship between animals and humans, promoting further evolution of MRSA. Since the resistance mechanism of MRSA is very complex, it is important to clarify these resistance mechanisms at the molecular level for the treatment of infectious diseases. We firstly described the diversity of SCCmec elements, and discussed the types of SCCmec, its drug resistance mechanisms and expression regulations. Then, we described how the vanA operon makes Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin and its expression regulation. Finally, a brief introduction was given to the drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms and efflux pump systems. Analyzing the resistance mechanism of MRSA can help study new anti-infective drugs and alleviate the evolution of MRSA. At the end of the review, we summarized the treatment strategies for MRSA infection, including antibiotics, anti-biofilm agents and efflux pump inhibitors. To sum up, here we reviewed the epidemic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus, summarized its classifications, drug resistance mechanisms of MRSA (SCCmec element, vanA operon, biofilm and active efflux pump system) and novel therapy strategies, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuru Hou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fenyang Hospital of Shanxi Province, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fenyang Hospital of Shanxi Province, Fenyang, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Hammarén MM, Luukinen H, Sillanpää A, Remans K, Lapouge K, Custódio T, Löw C, Myllymäki H, Montonen T, Seeger M, Robertson J, Nyman TA, Savijoki K, Parikka M. In vitro and ex vivo proteomics of Mycobacterium marinum biofilms and the development of biofilm-binding synthetic nanobodies. mSystems 2023:e0107322. [PMID: 37184670 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01073-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic-tolerant biofilms present in tuberculous granulomas add an additional layer of complexity when treating mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB). For a more efficient treatment of TB, the biofilm forms of mycobacteria warrant specific attention. Here, we used Mycobacterium marinum (Mmr) as a biofilm-forming model to identify the abundant proteins covering the biofilm surface. We used biotinylation/streptavidin-based proteomics on the proteins exposed at the Mmr biofilm matrices in vitro to identify 448 proteins and ex vivo proteomics to detect 91 Mmr proteins from the mycobacterial granulomas isolated from adult zebrafish. In vitro and ex vivo proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033425 and PXD039416, respectively. Data comparisons pinpointed the molecular chaperone GroEL2 as the most abundant Mmr protein within the in vitro and ex vivo proteomes, while its paralog, GroEL1, with a known role in biofilm formation, was detected with slightly lower intensity values. To validate the surface exposure of these targets, we created in-house synthetic nanobodies (sybodies) against the two chaperones and identified sybodies that bind the mycobacterial biofilms in vitro and those present in ex vivo granulomas. Taken together, the present study reports a proof-of-concept showing that surface proteomics in vitro and ex vivo proteomics combined are a valuable strategy to identify surface-exposed proteins on the mycobacterial biofilm. Biofilm-surface-binding nanobodies could be eventually used as homing agents to deliver biofilm-targeting treatments to the sites of persistent biofilm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Marjut Hammarén
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Luukinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alina Sillanpää
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kim Remans
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karine Lapouge
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tânia Custódio
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henna Myllymäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Toni Montonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Robertson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Long DR, Penewit K, Lo HY, Almazan J, Holmes EA, Bryan AB, Wolter DJ, Lewis JD, Waalkes A, Salipante SJ. In Vitro Selection Identifies Staphylococcus aureus Genes Influencing Biofilm Formation. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0053822. [PMID: 36847490 PMCID: PMC10016075 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00538-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus generates biofilms during many chronic human infections, which contributes to its growth and persistence in the host. Multiple genes and pathways necessary for S. aureus biofilm production have been identified, but knowledge is incomplete, and little is known about spontaneous mutations that increase biofilm formation as infection progresses. Here, we performed in vitro selection of four S. aureus laboratory strains (ATCC 29213, JE2, N315, and Newman) to identify mutations associated with enhanced biofilm production. Biofilm formation increased in passaged isolates from all strains, exhibiting from 1.2- to 5-fold the capacity of parental lines. Whole-genome sequencing identified nonsynonymous mutations affecting 23 candidate genes and a genomic duplication encompassing sigB. Six candidate genes significantly impacted biofilm formation as isogenic transposon knockouts: three were previously reported to impact S. aureus biofilm formation (icaR, spdC, and codY), while the remaining three (manA, narH, and fruB) were newly implicated by this study. Plasmid-mediated genetic complementation of manA, narH, and fruB transposon mutants corrected biofilm deficiencies, with high-level expression of manA and fruB further enhancing biofilm formation over basal levels. This work recognizes genes not previously identified as contributing to biofilm formation in S. aureus and reveals genetic changes able to augment biofilm production by that organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Long
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelsi Penewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jared Almazan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Holmes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew B. Bryan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel J. Wolter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janessa D. Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Monk M, Elshaboury R, Tatara A, Nelson S, Bidell MR. A Case Series of Rifabutin Use in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0038422. [PMID: 35543561 PMCID: PMC9241794 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00384-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This case series describes seven patients who received rifabutin in place of rifampin combined with conventional antimicrobial therapy for treatment of hardware-associated staphylococcal infections. Infection recurrence, defined as need for unplanned surgical intervention within the evaluable follow up period after starting rifabutin, occurred in two patients. Two patients experienced possible treatment-associated adverse effects. Findings support future work to examine rifabutin use, when rifampin is not suitable, for adjunctive treatment of staphylococcal hardware infections. IMPORTANCE This work evaluates real-world data and clinical outcomes when rifabutin is used in place of rifampin for adjunctive management of staphylococcal hardware-associated infections. This is the second case study looking at this specific use of rifabutin, signifying the current lack of clinical data in this area. Assessing use of rifabutin in this capacity is clinically important given its lower propensity for drug interactions compared to rifampin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Monk
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramy Elshaboury
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Tatara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monique R. Bidell
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Ma PY, Chong CW, Than LTL, Sulong AB, Ho KL, Neela VK, Sekawi Z, Liew YK. Impact of IsaA Gene Disruption: Decreasing Staphylococcal Biofilm and Alteration of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiles. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061119. [PMID: 35744637 PMCID: PMC9229027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus expresses diverse proteins at different stages of growth. The immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A (IsaA) is one of the proteins that is constitutively produced by S. aureus during colonisation and infection. SACOL2584 (or isaA) is the gene that encodes this protein. It has been suggested that IsaA can hydrolyse cell walls, and there is still need to study isaA gene disruption to analyse its impact on staphylococcal phenotypes and on alteration to its transcription and protein profiles. In the present study, the growth curve in RPMI medium (which mimics human plasma), autolytic activity, cell wall morphology, fibronectin and fibrinogen adhesion and biofilm formation of S. aureus SH1000 (wildtype) was compared to that of S. aureus MS001 (isaA mutant). RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were carried out on samples of both S. aureus strains taken during the exponential growth phase, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Disruption of isaA had no obvious effect on the growth curve and autolysis ability or thickness of cell walls, but this study revealed significant strength of fibronectin adherence in S. aureus MS001. In particular, the isaA mutant formed less biofilm than S. aureus SH1000. In addition, proteomics and transcriptomics showed that the adhesin/biofilm-related genes and hemolysin genes, such as sasF, sarX and hlgC, were consistently downregulated with isaA gene disruption. The majority of the upregulated genes or proteins in S. aureus MS001 were pur genes. Taken together, this study provides insight into how isaA disruption changes the expression of other genes and has implications regarding biofilm formation and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Ma
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (L.T.L.T.); (V.K.N.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anita Binti Sulong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Pusat Perubatan UKM, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ket Li Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Vasantha Kumari Neela
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (L.T.L.T.); (V.K.N.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (L.T.L.T.); (V.K.N.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yun Khoon Liew
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Alabdullatif M, Alzahrani A. Expression of biofilm-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus during storage of platelet concentrates. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Lakshmi SA, Prasath KG, Tamilmuhilan K, Srivathsan A, Shafreen RMB, Kasthuri T, Pandian SK. Suppression of Thiol-Dependent Antioxidant System and Stress Response in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Docosanol: Explication Through Proteome Investigation. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:575-589. [PMID: 35018617 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of docosanol on the protein expression profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Thus, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF MS technique was utilized to identify the differentially regulated proteins in the presence of docosanol. A total of 947 protein spots were identified from the intracellular proteome of both control and docosanol treated samples among which 40 spots were differentially regulated with a fold change greater than 1.0. Prominently, the thiol-dependent antioxidant system and stress response proteins are downregulated in MRSA, which are critical for survival during oxidative stress. In particular, docosanol downregulated the expression of Tpx, AhpC, BshC, BrxA, and YceI with a fold change of 1.4 (p = 0.02), 1.4 (p = 0.01), 1.6 (p = 0.002), 4.9 (p = 0.02), and 1.4 (p = 0.02), respectively. In addition, docosanol reduced the expression of proteins involved in purine metabolic pathways, biofilm growth cycle, and virulence factor production. Altogether, these findings suggest that docosanol could efficiently target the antioxidant pathway by reducing the expression of bacillithiol and stress-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Alagu Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Krishnan Ganesh Prasath
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Kannapiran Tamilmuhilan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Adimoolam Srivathsan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Raja Mohamed Beema Shafreen
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Umayal Ramanathan College for Women, Alagappapuram, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Thirupathi Kasthuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
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19
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Abstract
Most Staphylococcus aureus strains can grow as a multicellular biofilm, a phenotype of utmost importance to clinical infections such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and implanted medical device infection. As biofilms are inherently more tolerant to the host immune system and antibiotics, understanding the S. aureus genes and regulatory circuits that contribute to biofilm development is an active and on-going field of research. This chapter details a high-throughput and standardized way to grow S. aureus biofilms using a classical microtiter plate assay. Biofilms can be quantified using crystal violet or by confocal microscopy imaging and COMSTAT analysis.
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20
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Allegrone G, Ceresa C, Rinaldi M, Fracchia L. Diverse Effects of Natural and Synthetic Surfactants on the Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1172. [PMID: 34452132 PMCID: PMC8402037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the biomedical field is the creation of materials and coating strategies that effectively limit the onset of biofilm-associated infections on medical devices. Biosurfactants are well known and appreciated for their antimicrobial/anti-adhesive/anti-biofilm properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. In this study, the rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 89 (R89BS) was characterized by HPLC-MS/MS and its ability to modify cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability as well as its antimicrobial, anti-adhesive, and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus were compared to two commonly used surfactants of synthetic origin: Tween® 80 and TritonTM X-100. The R89BS crude extract showed a grade of purity of 91.4% and was composed by 70.6% of mono-rhamnolipids and 20.8% of di-rhamnolipids. The biological activities of R89BS towards S. aureus were higher than those of the two synthetic surfactants. In particular, the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties of R89BS and of its purified mono- and di-congeners were similar. R89BS inhibition of S. aureus adhesion and biofilm formation was ~97% and 85%, respectively, and resulted in an increased inhibition of about 33% after 6 h and of about 39% after 72 h when compared to their chemical counterparts. These results suggest a possible applicability of R89BS as a protective coating agent to limit implant colonization.
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21
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Reigada I, San-Martin-Galindo P, Gilbert-Girard S, Chiaro J, Cerullo V, Savijoki K, Nyman TA, Fallarero A, Miettinen I. Surfaceome and Exoproteome Dynamics in Dual-Species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:672975. [PMID: 34248881 PMCID: PMC8267900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.672975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are an important underlying cause for chronic infections. By switching into the biofilm state, bacteria can evade host defenses and withstand antibiotic chemotherapy. Despite the fact that biofilms at clinical and environmental settings are mostly composed of multiple microbial species, biofilm research has largely been focused on single-species biofilms. In this study, we investigated the interaction between two clinically relevant bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by label-free quantitative proteomics focusing on proteins associated with the bacterial cell surfaces (surfaceome) and proteins exported/released to the extracellular space (exoproteome). The changes observed in the surfaceome and exoproteome of P. aeruginosa pointed toward higher motility and lower pigment production when co-cultured with S. aureus. In S. aureus, lower abundances of proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, suggesting increased persistence, were observed in the dual-species biofilm. Complementary phenotypic analyses confirmed the higher motility and the lower pigment production in P. aeruginosa when co-cultured with S. aureus. Higher antimicrobial tolerance associated with the co-culture setting was additionally observed in both species. To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first systematic explorations providing insights into the dynamics of both the surfaceome and exoproteome of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa dual-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Reigada
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paola San-Martin-Galindo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shella Gilbert-Girard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacopo Chiaro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miettinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Antimicrobial Peptides Encounter Resistance of Aureolysin during Their Action on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Chan Y, Wu XH, Chieng BW, Ibrahim NA, Then YY. Superhydrophobic Nanocoatings as Intervention against Biofilm-Associated Bacterial Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1046. [PMID: 33921904 PMCID: PMC8073257 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation represents a significant cause of concern as it has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thereby imposing a huge burden on public healthcare system throughout the world. As biofilms are usually resistant to various conventional antimicrobial interventions, they may result in severe and persistent infections, which necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-based infections. Physicochemical modification of the biomaterials utilized in medical devices to mitigate initial microbial attachment has been proposed as a promising strategy in combating polymicrobial infections, as the adhesion of microorganisms is typically the first step for the formation of biofilms. For instance, superhydrophobic surfaces have been shown to possess substantial anti-biofilm properties attributed to the presence of nanostructures. In this article, we provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and their composition, as well as the applications of nanomaterials as superhydrophobic nanocoatings for the development of novel anti-biofilm therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Xun Hui Wu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Buong Woei Chieng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (B.W.C.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (B.W.C.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Yoon Yee Then
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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24
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Wójcik-Bojek U, Rywaniak J, Bernat P, Podsędek A, Kajszczak D, Sadowska B. An In Vitro Study of the Effect of Viburnum opulus Extracts on Key Processes in the Development of Staphylococcal Infections. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061758. [PMID: 33801012 PMCID: PMC8003844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is still one of the leading causes of both hospital- and community-acquired infections. Due to the very high percentage of drug-resistant strains, the participation of drug-tolerant biofilms in pathological changes, and thus the limited number of effective antibiotics, there is an urgent need to search for alternative methods of prevention or treatment for S. aureus infections. In the present study, biochemically characterized (HPLC/UPLC–QTOF–MS) acetonic, ethanolic, and water extracts from fruits and bark of Viburnum opulus L. were tested in vitro as diet additives that potentially prevent staphylococcal infections. The impacts of V. opulus extracts on sortase A (SrtA) activity (Fluorimetric Assay), staphylococcal protein A (SpA) expression (FITC-labelled specific antibodies), the lipid composition of bacterial cell membranes (LC-MS/MS, GC/MS), and biofilm formation (LIVE/DEAD BacLight) were assessed. The cytotoxicity of V. opulus extracts to the human fibroblast line HFF-1 was also tested (MTT reduction). V. opulus extracts strongly inhibited SrtA activity and SpA expression, caused modifications of S. aureus cell membrane, limited biofilm formation by staphylococci, and were non-cytotoxic. Therefore, they have pro-health potential. Nevertheless, their usefulness as diet supplements that are beneficial for the prevention of staphylococcal infections should be confirmed in animal models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wójcik-Bojek
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (U.W.-B.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Rywaniak
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (U.W.-B.); (J.R.)
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Dominika Kajszczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Beata Sadowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (U.W.-B.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-45-25
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25
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Liu J, Madec JY, Bousquet-Mélou A, Haenni M, Ferran AA. Destruction of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by combining an antibiotic with subtilisin A or calcium gluconate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6225. [PMID: 33737602 PMCID: PMC7973569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In S. aureus biofilms, bacteria are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and are highly tolerant to antimicrobial drugs. We thus sought to identify non-antibiotic substances with broad-spectrum activity able to destroy the EPS matrix and enhance the effect of antibiotics on embedded biofilm bacteria. Among eight substances tested, subtilisin A (0.01 U/mL) and calcium gluconate (CaG, Ca2+ 1.25 mmol/L) significantly reduced the biomass of biofilms formed by at least 21/24 S. aureus isolates. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that they both eliminated nearly all the proteins and PNAG from the matrix. By contrast, antibiotics alone had nearly no effect on biofilm biomass and the selected one (oxytetracycline-OTC) could only slightly reduce biofilm bacteria. The combination of OTC with CaG or subtilisin A led to an additive reduction (average of 2 log10 CFU/mL) of embedded biofilm bacteria on the isolates susceptible to OTC (MBC < 10 μg/mL, 11/24). Moreover, these two combinations led to a reduction of the embedded biofilm bacteria higher than 3 log10 CFU/mL for 20–25% of the isolates. Further studies are now required to better understand the factors that cause the biofilm produced by specific isolates (20–25%) to be susceptible to the combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Liu
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aude A Ferran
- INTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Powell LC, Abdulkarim M, Stokniene J, Yang QE, Walsh TR, Hill KE, Gumbleton M, Thomas DW. Quantifying the effects of antibiotic treatment on the extracellular polymer network of antimicrobial resistant and sensitive biofilms using multiple particle tracking. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:13. [PMID: 33547326 PMCID: PMC7864955 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutics designed to target the polymeric matrix of biofilms requires innovative techniques to accurately assess their efficacy. Here, multiple particle tracking (MPT) was developed to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial biofilms and to quantify the effects of antibiotic treatment. Studies employed nanoparticles (NPs) of varying charge and size (40-500 nm) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms and also in polymyxin B (PMB) treated Escherichia coli biofilms of PMB-sensitive (PMBSens) IR57 and PMB-resistant (PMBR) PN47 strains. NP size-dependent and strain-related differences in the diffusion coefficient values of biofilms were evident between PAO1 and MRSA. Dose-dependent treatment effects induced by PMB in PMBSens E. coli biofilms included increases in diffusion and creep compliance (P < 0.05), not evident in PMB treatment of PMBR E. coli biofilms. Our results highlight the ability of MPT to quantify the diffusion and mechanical effects of antibiotic therapies within the AMR biofilm matrix, offering a valuable tool for the pre-clinical screening of anti-biofilm therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia C Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK.
- Centre of Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Muthanna Abdulkarim
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Joana Stokniene
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
| | - Qiu E Yang
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katja E Hill
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
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27
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Grynyuk II, Vasyliuk OM, Prylutska SV, Strutynska NY, Livitska OV, Slobodyanik MS. Influence of nanoscale-modified apatite-type calcium phosphates on the biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (25–50 nm) of chemically modified calcium phosphates Ca10−x−y
M
ii
x
Na
y
(PO4)6−z
(CO3)
z
(OH)2 (M
ii
– Cu2+, Zn2+) were synthesized via a wet precipitation method at room temperature. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data confirmed the partial substitution of
PO
4
3
−
{\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}
→
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
(B-type) in apatite-type structure. The influence of prepared phosphates on biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms was investigated. It was found that the samples Na+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Na+, Zn2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP (5–20 mM) had the highest inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus strains. The sample Na+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP had the slight influence on the formation of the biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while for the samples Na+, Cu2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP and Na+, Zn2+,
CO
3
2
−
{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}
-HAP such an effect was not detected. According to transmission electron microscopy data, a correlation between the activity of synthesized apatite-related modified calcium phosphates in the processes of biofilm formation and their ability to adhere to the surface of bacterial cells was established. The prepared samples can be used for the design of effective materials with antibacterial activity for medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I. Grynyuk
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Olga M. Vasyliuk
- Department of Physiology of Industrial Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine , 154, Zabolotnogo str, 03143 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V. Prylutska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Yu. Strutynska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Oksana V. Livitska
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Mykola S. Slobodyanik
- Department Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., 01601 , Kyiv , Ukraine
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28
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Integrated meta-analysis and machine learning approach identifies acyl-CoA thioesterase with other novel genes responsible for biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 88:104702. [PMID: 33388440 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat to the health-care industry. It is important to understand the differences between planktonic and biofilm growth forms in the pathogen since conventional treatments targeting the planktonic forms are not effective against biofilms. The current study conducts a meta-analysis of three public transcriptomic profiles to examine the differences in gene expression between the planktonic and biofilm states of S. aureus using random-effects modeling. Mean effect sizes were calculated for 2847 genes among which 726 differentially expressed genes were taken for further analysis. Major genes that are discriminatory between the two conditions were mined using supervised learning techniques and validated by high-accuracy classifiers. Ten different feature selection algorithms were applied and used to rank the most important genes in S. aureus biofilms. Finally, an optimal set of 36 genes are presented as candidate genes in biofilm formation or development while throwing light on the novel roles of an acyl-CoA thioesterase enzyme and 10 hypothetical proteins in biofilms. The relevance of the identified gene set was further validated by building five different classification models using SVM, RF, kNN, NB and DT algorithms that were compared with models built from other relevant gene sets and by reviewing the functional role of 25 previously known genes in biofilm development. The study combines meta-analysis of differential expression with supervised machine learning strategies and feature selection for the first time to identify and validate a discriminatory set of genes important in biofilms of S. aureus. The functional roles of the identified genes predicted to be important in biofilms are further scrutinized and can be considered as a signature target list to develop anti-biofilm therapeutics in S. aureus.
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29
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Jee SC, Kim M, Sung JS, Kadam AA. Efficient Biofilms Eradication by Enzymatic-Cocktail of Pancreatic Protease Type-I and Bacterial α-Amylase. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123032. [PMID: 33348879 PMCID: PMC7766206 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Removal of biofilms is extremely pivotal in environmental and medicinal fields. Therefore, reporting the new-enzymes and their combinations for dispersal of infectious biofilms can be extremely critical. Herein, for the first time, we accessed the enzyme "protease from bovine pancreas type-I (PtI)" for anti-biofilm properties. We further investigated the anti-biofilm potential of PtI in combination with α-amylase from Bacillus sp. (αA). PtI showed a very significant biofilm inhibition effect (86.5%, 88.4%, and 67%) and biofilm prevention effect (66%, 64%, and 70%), against the E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA, respectively. However, the new enzyme combination (Ec-PtI+αA) exhibited biofilm inhibition effect (78%, 90%, and 93%) and a biofilm prevention effect (44%, 51%, and 77%) against E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA, respectively. The studied enzymes were found not to be anti-bacterial against the E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA. In summary, the PtI exhibited significant anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus, MRSA, and E. coli. Ec-PtI+αA exhibited enhancement of the anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus and MRSA biofilms. Therefore, this study revealed that this Ec-PtI+αA enzymatic system can be extremely vital for the treatment of biofilm complications resulting from E. coli, S. aureus, and MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Jee
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.-C.J.); (M.K.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Avinash A. Kadam
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5616; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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30
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Reigada I, Guarch-Pérez C, Patel JZ, Riool M, Savijoki K, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Zaat SAJ, Fallarero A. Combined Effect of Naturally-Derived Biofilm Inhibitors and Differentiated HL-60 Cells in the Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1757. [PMID: 33182261 PMCID: PMC7695255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial diseases represent a huge health and economic burden. A significant portion is associated with the use of medical devices, with 80% of these infections being caused by a bacterial biofilm. The insertion of a foreign material usually elicits inflammation, which can result in hampered antimicrobial capacity of the host immunity due to the effort of immune cells being directed to degrade the material. The ineffective clearance by immune cells is a perfect opportunity for bacteria to attach and form a biofilm. In this study, we analyzed the antibiofilm capacity of three naturally derived biofilm inhibitors when combined with immune cells in order to assess their applicability in implantable titanium devices and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) endotracheal tubes. To this end, we used a system based on the coculture of HL-60 cells differentiated into polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and Staphylococcus aureus (laboratory and clinical strains) on titanium, as well as LDPE surfaces. Out of the three inhibitors, the one coded DHA1 showed the highest potential to be incorporated into implantable devices, as it displayed a combined activity with the immune cells, preventing bacterial attachment on the titanium and LDPE. The other two inhibitors seemed to also be good candidates for incorporation into LDPE endotracheal tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Reigada
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Clara Guarch-Pérez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.G.-P.); (M.R.); (S.A.J.Z.)
| | - Jayendra Z. Patel
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.Z.P.); (J.Y.-K.)
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.G.-P.); (M.R.); (S.A.J.Z.)
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.Z.P.); (J.Y.-K.)
| | - Sebastian A. J. Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.G.-P.); (M.R.); (S.A.J.Z.)
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.S.); (A.F.)
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31
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Gangwar B, Kumar S, Darokar MP. Glabridin Averts Biofilms Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Modulation of the Surfaceome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1779. [PMID: 33071991 PMCID: PMC7534511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium of the human body and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections involving biofilm lead to higher mortality and morbidity in patients. Biofilm causes serious clinical issues, as it mitigates entry of antimicrobials to reach the etiological agents. It plays an important role in resilient chronic infections which place an unnecessary burden on antibiotics and the associated costs. To combat drug-resistant infection involving biofilm, there is a need to discover potential anti-biofilm agents. In this study, activity of polyphenolic flavonoid glabridin against biofilm formation of methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus is being reported for the first time. Crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy evidences shows that glabridin prevents formation of cells clusters and attachment of methicillin resistant clinical isolate (MRSA 4423) of S. aureus to the surface in a dose dependent manner. Gel free proteomic analysis of biofilm matrix by LC-ESI-QTOF confirmed the existence of several proteins known to be involved in cells adhesion. Furthermore, expression analysis of cell surface proteins revealed that glabridin significantly down regulates an abundance of several surface-associated adhesins including fibronectin binding proteins (FnbA, FnbB), serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D (SdrD), immunoglobulin-binding protein G (Sbi), and other virulence factors which were induced by extracellular glucose in MRSA 4423. In addition, several moonlighting proteins (proteins with multiple functions) such as translation elongation factors (EF-Tu, EF-G), chaperone protein (DnaK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were detected on the cell surface wherein their abundance was inversely proportional to surface-associated adhesins. This study clearly suggests that glabridin prevents biofilm formation in S. aureus through modulation of the cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gangwar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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32
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Inhibition of Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Through ZnO/Zeolite Nanocomposite and Its Cytotoxicity Evaluation. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Biology and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030383. [PMID: 32182885 PMCID: PMC7143084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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