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Ansari M, Devi BM, Sarkar A, Chattopadhyay A, Satnami L, Balu P, Choudhary M, Shahid MA, Jailani AAK. Microbial Exudates as Biostimulants: Role in Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Mitigation. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:572-603. [PMID: 37873814 PMCID: PMC10594471 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes hold immense potential, based on the fact that they are widely acknowledged for their role in mitigating the detrimental impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which were extensively employed during the Green Revolution era. The consequence of this extensive use has been the degradation of agricultural land, soil health and fertility deterioration, and a decline in crop quality. Despite the existence of environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives, microbial bioinoculants encounter numerous challenges in real-world agricultural settings. These challenges include harsh environmental conditions like unfavorable soil pH, temperature extremes, and nutrient imbalances, as well as stiff competition with native microbial species and host plant specificity. Moreover, obstacles spanning from large-scale production to commercialization persist. Therefore, substantial efforts are underway to identify superior solutions that can foster a sustainable and eco-conscious agricultural system. In this context, attention has shifted towards the utilization of cell-free microbial exudates as opposed to traditional microbial inoculants. Microbial exudates refer to the diverse array of cellular metabolites secreted by microbial cells. These metabolites enclose a wide range of chemical compounds, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, peptides, siderophores, volatiles, and more. The composition and function of these compounds in exudates can vary considerably, depending on the specific microbial strains and prevailing environmental conditions. Remarkably, they possess the capability to modulate and influence various plant physiological processes, thereby inducing tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, these exudates facilitate plant growth and aid in the remediation of environmental pollutants such as chemicals and heavy metals in agroecosystems. Much like live microbes, when applied, these exudates actively participate in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere, engaging in continuous interactions with plants and plant-associated microbes. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in reshaping the microbiome. The biostimulant properties exhibited by these exudates position them as promising biological components for fostering cleaner and more sustainable agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Ansari
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - B. Megala Devi
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Anirudha Chattopadhyay
- Pulses Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar 385506, Gujarat, India;
| | - Lovkush Satnami
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Pooraniammal Balu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sastra Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Horticultural Science Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Quincy, FL 32351, USA;
| | - A. Abdul Kader Jailani
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Plant Pathology Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
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Greer SF, Surendran A, Grant M, Lillywhite R. The current status, challenges, and future perspectives for managing diseases of brassicas. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209258. [PMID: 37533829 PMCID: PMC10392840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brassica genus comprises the greatest diversity of agriculturally important crops. Several species from this genus are grown as vegetable and oil crops for food, animal feed and industrial purposes. In particular, B. oleracea has been extensively bred to give rise to several familiar vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale and Brussels Sprouts, etc.) that are grouped under seven major cultivars. In 2020, 96.4 million tonnes of vegetable brassicas were produced globally with a 10.6% increase over the past decade. Yet, like other crops, the production of brassicas is challenged by diseases among which, black rot, clubroot, downy mildew and turnip yellows virus have been identified by growers as the most damaging to UK production. In some cases, yield losses can reach 90% depending upon the geographic location of cultivation. This review aims to provide an overview of the key diseases of brassicas and their management practices, with respect to the biology and lifecycle of the causal pathogens. In addition, the existing controls on the market as well as those that are currently in the research and development phases were critically reviewed. There is not one specific control method that is effective against all the diseases. Generally, cultural practices prevent disease rather than reduce or eliminate disease. Chemical controls are limited, have broad-spectrum activity, are damaging to the environment and are rapidly becoming ineffective due to the evolution of resistance mechanisms by the pathogens. It is therefore important to develop integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that are tailored to geographic locations. Several knowledge gaps have been identified and listed in this review along with the future recommendations to control these four major diseases of brassicas. As such, this review paper will act as a guide to sustainably tackle pre-harvest diseases in Brassica crops to reduce food loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon F. Greer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Arthy Surendran
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Carbon, Crop and Soils Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lillywhite
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Caracciolo R, Sella L, De Zotti M, Bolzonello A, Armellin M, Trainotti L, Favaron F, Tundo S. Efficacy of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichogin GA IV Peptaibol analogs against the Black Rot Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and other Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020480. [PMID: 36838445 PMCID: PMC9967956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Black rot caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is considered one of the most destructive diseases affecting crucifers. Xcc is a seedborne pathogen able to infect the host at any growth stage. The management of the pathogen mainly relies on the use of copper-based products with possible negative effects on human health and the environment. Searching for protection alternatives is crucial for achieving a sustainable management of Xcc. Trichoderma spp. has been largely used as a biocontrol agent against several phytopathogens. Among Trichoderma species, Trichoderma longibrachiatum produces the peptaibol trichogin GA IV, a secondary metabolite with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, as well as filamentous and yeast-like fungi. In this work, we tested, at micromolar concentrations, 25 synthetic analogs of the peptaibol trichogin GA IV for their bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity toward the bacterium Xcc. One of the most effective peptides (4r) was also tested against the Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas arboricola, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, as well as the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The peptide 4r reduced black rot symptoms on cauliflower plants when administered both before and 24 h after inoculation with Xcc. The cytotoxic activity of the peptide 4r was also evaluated towards suspensions of tobacco cells by Evans Blue assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Caracciolo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Bolzonello
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Armellin
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trainotti
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Holtappels D, Fortuna KJ, Vallino M, Lavigne R, Wagemans J. Isolation, characterization and genome analysis of an orphan phage FoX4 of the new Foxquatrovirus genus. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:304. [PMID: 36513996 PMCID: PMC9746216 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the therapeutic application of bacteriophages leads to a drastic increase in the number of sequenced genomes. Luckily, recent insights in phage taxonomy facilitate the classification of phages in a comprehensive and data-driven manner as recently proposed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. In this research, we present the taxonomical classification of a novel, narrow host range Xanthomonas phage FoX4, isolated from a Brussels sprouts field in Belgium infested with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. The phage has a limited ability to lyse a bacterial culture, yet adsorbs efficiently to its host. Based on its genome sequence and low similarity to previously described phages, the phage comprises the novel phage genus Foxquatrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Holtappels
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. J. Fortuna
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Vallino
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - R. Lavigne
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Wagemans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Liu Z, Wang H, Wang J, Lv J, Xie B, Luo S, Wang S, Zhang B, Li Z, Yue Z, Yu J. Physical, chemical, and biological control of black rot of brassicaceae vegetables: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023826. [PMID: 36504826 PMCID: PMC9726911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the important sources of human nutrition, Brassicaceae vegetables are widely grown worldwide. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) seriously affects the quality and yield of Brassicaceae vegetables. Therefore, it is important to study control methods of Xcc for Brassicaceae vegetable production. This paper reviews the physical, chemical, and biological control methods of Xcc in Brassicaceae vegetables developed in recent years, and the underlying mechanisms of control methods are also discussed. Based on our current knowledge, future research directions for Xcc control are also proposed. This review also provides a reference basis for the control of Xcc in the field cultivation of Brassicaceae vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bojie Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jihua Yu,
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Microbial Secondary Metabolism and Biotechnology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010123. [PMID: 35056572 PMCID: PMC8781746 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades scientific research has demonstrated that the microbial world is infinitely richer and more surprising than we could have imagined. Every day, new molecules produced by microorganisms are discovered, and their incredible diversity has not yet delivered all of its messages. The current challenge of research is to select from the wide variety of characterized microorganisms and compounds, those which could provide rapid answers to crucial questions about human or animal health or more generally relating to society’s demands for medicine, pharmacology, nutrition or everyday well-being.
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Bacteriophage-Mediated Control of Phytopathogenic Xanthomonads: A Promising Green Solution for the Future. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051056. [PMID: 34068401 PMCID: PMC8153558 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonads, members of the family Xanthomonadaceae, are economically important plant pathogenic bacteria responsible for infections of over 400 plant species. Bacteriophage-based biopesticides can provide an environmentally friendly, effective solution to control these bacteria. Bacteriophage-based biocontrol has important advantages over chemical pesticides, and treatment with these biopesticides is a minor intervention into the microflora. However, bacteriophages’ agricultural application has limitations rooted in these viruses’ biological properties as active substances. These disadvantageous features, together with the complicated registration process of bacteriophage-based biopesticides, means that there are few products available on the market. This review summarizes our knowledge of the Xanthomonas-host plant and bacteriophage-host bacterium interaction’s possible influence on bacteriophage-based biocontrol strategies and provides examples of greenhouse and field trials and products readily available in the EU and the USA. It also details the most important advantages and limitations of the agricultural application of bacteriophages. This paper also investigates the legal background and industrial property right issues of bacteriophage-based biopesticides. When appropriately applied, bacteriophages can provide a promising tool against xanthomonads, a possibility that is untapped. Information presented in this review aims to explore the potential of bacteriophage-based biopesticides in the control of xanthomonads in the future.
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Cuomo P, Papaianni M, Fulgione A, Guerra F, Capparelli R, Medaglia C. An Innovative Approach to Control H. pylori-Induced Persistent Inflammation and Colonization. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081214. [PMID: 32785064 PMCID: PMC7463796 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium which colonizes the human stomach. The ability of H. pylori to evade the host defense system and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains result in bacteria persistence and chronic inflammation, which leads to both severe gastric and extra-gastric diseases. Consequently, innovative approaches able to overcome H. pylori clinical outcomes are needed. In this work, we develop a novel non-toxic therapy based on the synergistic action of H. pylori phage and lactoferrin adsorbed on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, which effectively impairs bacteria colonization and minimizes the damage of the host pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cuomo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Papaianni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Fulgione
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno (IZSM), 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy;
| | - Fabrizia Guerra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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