1
|
Dos Santos RC, Estrela-Lima A, Conrado-Dos-Santos WL, Oriá A, de Sousa Gonçalves R, Silva DN, Larangeira DF, do Socorro Pires E Cruz M, de Pinho FA, Barrouin-Melo SM. A compared histopathological study on kidneys and eye bulbs in distinct clinical presentations of canine leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2243-2261. [PMID: 38717733 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum commonly progresses with renal and ophthalmic lesions associated with active systemic disease. As chronic inflammation related to immune complex deposits is a pathophysiological factor in the development of both glomerulonephritis and uveitis, we aimed to evaluate renal and ocular histopathological lesions and analyze whether they were related to each other and the clinical degree of the disease. For that, we evaluated 15 dogs from CanL-endemic areas. L. infantum PCR-positive dogs were studied according to disease severity into two different groups: Group-1 (G1) had data from seven dogs with mild to moderate CanL and no history of treatment, and G2 was formed with eight dogs with severe to terminal disease that had not responded to CanL treatment. Histopathological analysis of kidneys showed higher frequencies and intensities of glomerular basement membrane thickening (p = 0.026), deposits in glomeruli (p = 0.016), epithelial necrosis (p = 0.020), tubular dilatation (p = 0.003) and interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.04) in G2 dogs than in G1 dogs. Surprisingly, the histopathology of eye bulbs showed a higher frequency and intensity of retinitis (p = 0.019) in G1 dogs than in G2 dogs. The comparative analysis showed that there was no correspondence between histopathological findings in kidneys versus eyes in milder or more severe CanL. Our findings suggested that (1) clinically undetectable eye alterations can be more precocious than those in kidneys in the development of CanL, and (2) the lower frequency of eye lesions and higher frequency of renal lesions in dogs with terminal disease even after treatment indicate that therapy may have been effective in reducing CanL-associated ophthalmic disease but not proportionally in reducing kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roseclea Chagas Dos Santos
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Milton Santos, 500, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 40170-110.
| | | | - Arianne Oriá
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Sousa Gonçalves
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Danielle Nascimento Silva
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniela Farias Larangeira
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectiology - Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Clinic, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Pires E Cruz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), University Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Alves de Pinho
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectiology - Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Clinic, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectiology - Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Clinic, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Milton Santos, 500, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 40170-110.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Segarra S. Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2601. [PMID: 34946204 PMCID: PMC8703464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an emerging, uncontrolled, and neglected zoonotic disease. Climate change is contributing to its ongoing global expansion. The dog is the main reservoir; hence the importance of implementing effective treatment, prevention, and control measures in this animal species to protect public health. However, although the standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is effective, it does not provide full parasitological clearance, and side effects and drug resistance have been described. The host's immune system plays a key role in the establishment and evolution of leishmaniasis. Dietary nucleotides modulate the immune response and, given their reported efficacy and safety in sick and clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs and because they represent a sustainable option with no associated side effects or resistance, they could be included within the prevention, treatment, and control strategies for leishmaniasis. This article briefly summarizes the scientific literature on CanL management, including unresolved issues, and reviews the scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects of dietary nucleotides in different animal species. It also proposes a CanL management algorithm, including nucleotides. It is concluded that nutritional modulation of the immune response with nucleotides can contribute to better management of leishmaniasis following a One Health approach, especially in the COVID-19 era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dos Santos NS, de Pinho FA, Hlavac NRC, Nunes TL, Almeida NR, Solcà MS, Varjão BM, Portela RW, Rugani JN, Rêgo FD, Barrouin-Melo SM, Soares RP. Feline Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum: Parasite Sequencing, Seropositivity, and Clinical Characterization in an Endemic Area From Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:734916. [PMID: 34513979 PMCID: PMC8424124 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is a disease of One Health concern since human and animal cases and environmental damage are interconnected. L. infantum has a complex epidemiological cycle with multiple hosts, including mammals-humans, domestic, and wild animals-and arthropod vectors. Knowledge on mammal infections in endemic areas is crucial for developing control strategies. This work aimed to detect and characterize L. infantum infection in domestic cats from areas where human and canine leishmaniasis cases occur. No cases of feline leishmaniasis (FeL) had been previously reported in those areas. Five municipalities from Bahia state were chosen, comprising 2,480.8 km2 with 1,103,866 inhabitants. Ninety domiciliated and/or sheltered cats underwent clinical examination and serology by a rapid reference test recommended by the Brazilian government. Cytology, PCR, and parasite DNA sequencing were performed in bone marrow samples. Rapid tests detected antibodies in 5.6% (5/90) of the cats. Leishmania infantum infection was confirmed in 7.8% (7/90) of the cats by PCR, sequencing, and parasite isolation. Three out of the five municipalities (60%) had infected cats, and PCR positivity varied from 6.9 to 29%. One cat was categorized as harboring active L. infantum infection with amastigote forms in bone marrow smears. No clinical signs were detected at the first clinical exam, but 1 month later the cat developed severe FeL. The cat isolate was grown in culture, typed and its DNA sequence was homologous to the L. infantum reference strain (PP75). In conclusion, cats are potential hosts and may acquire L. infantum in endemic areas where canine and human cases occur. For cats, the need for surveillance, differential diagnosis and clinical care is highly recommended since a fast clinical progression of FeL developed in a subclinical animal. An accurate standardized immunodiagnostic assay for FeL is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Santos Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Alves de Pinho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nicole Regina Capacchi Hlavac
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Talyta Lins Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nádia Rossi Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manuela Silva Solcà
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Milen Varjão
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|