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Karmakar B, Sarkar S, Chakraborty R, Saha SP, Thirugnanam A, Roy PK, Roy S. Starch-based biodegradable films amended with nano-starch and tannic acid-coated nano-starch exhibit enhanced mechanical and functional attributes with antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122321. [PMID: 38876723 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Starch-based biofilms are biodegradable, but their application is limited by lower mechanical strength and absence of antimicrobial properties. In this context, the present study attempted to unleash the potential of nanotechnology for synthesizing nano-starch (NS) and tannic acid-coated nano-starch (T-NS) for augmenting the tensile strength and antimicrobial properties of starch-based biofilms. Moreover, this study reports one of the first such attempts to improve the commercial viability of starch extracted from the corms of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. In this study, NS and T-NS samples were first synthesized by the physical and chemical modification of the native starch (S) molecules. The NS and T-NS samples showed significantly smaller granule size, lower moisture content, and swelling power. Further, amendments with NS and T-NS samples (25 % and 50 %) to the native starch molecules were performed to obtain biofilm samples. The NSB (NS amended) and T-NSB (T-NS amended) biofilms showed comparatively higher tensile strength than SB films (100 % starch-based). The T-NSB showed greater antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All the biofilms showed almost complete biodegradation in soil (in 10 days). Therefore, it can be concluded that additives like NS and T-NS can improve starch-based biofilms' mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties with considerable biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Karmakar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayani Sarkar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Govt. College, Himachal Vihar, Matigara, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunachalam Thirugnanam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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Gerardi D, Bernardi S, Bruni A, Falisi G, Botticelli G. Characterization and morphological methods for oral biofilm visualization: where are we nowadays? AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:391-414. [PMID: 38919718 PMCID: PMC11194622 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome represents an essential component of the oral ecosystem whose symbiotic relationship contributes to health maintenance. The biofilm represents a state of living of microorganisms surrounding themselves with a complex and tridimensional organized polymeric support and defense matrix. The substrates where the oral biofilm adhere can suffer from damages due to the microbial community metabolisms. Therefore, microbial biofilm represents the main etiological factor of the two pathologies of dental interest with the highest incidence, such as carious pathology and periodontal pathology. The study, analysis, and understanding of the characteristics of the biofilm, starting from the macroscopic structure up to the microscopic architecture, appear essential. This review examined the morphological methods used through the years to identify species, adhesion mechanisms that contribute to biofilm formation and stability, and how the action of microbicidal molecules is effective against pathological biofilm. Microscopy is the primary technique for the morphological characterization of biofilm. Light microscopy, which includes the stereomicroscope and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM), allows the visualization of microbial communities in their natural state, providing valuable information on the spatial arrangement of different microorganisms within the biofilm and revealing microbial diversity in the biofilm matrix. The stereomicroscope provides a three-dimensional view of the sample, allowing detailed observation of the structure, thickness, morphology, and distribution of the various species in the biofilm while CLSM provides information on its three-dimensional architecture, microbial composition, and dynamic development. Electron microscopy, scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM), allows the high-resolution investigation of the architecture of the biofilm, analyzing the bacterial population, the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS), and the mechanisms of the physical and chemical forces that contribute to the adhesion of the biofilm to the substrates, on a nanometric scale. More advanced microscopic methodologies, such as scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and correlative microscopy, have enabled the evaluation of antibacterial treatments, due to the potential to reveal the efficacy of different molecules in breaking down the biofilm. In conclusion, evidence based on scientific literature shows that established microscopic methods represent the most common tools used to characterize biofilm and its morphology in oral microbiology. Further protocols and studies on the application of advanced microscopic techniques are needed to obtain precise details on the microbiological and pathological aspects of oral biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sara Bernardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Bruni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Falisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianluca Botticelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Parmar D, Rosado-Rosa JM, Shrout JD, Sweedler JV. Metabolic insights from mass spectrometry imaging of biofilms: A perspective from model microorganisms. Methods 2024; 224:21-34. [PMID: 38295894 PMCID: PMC11149699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are dense aggregates of bacterial colonies embedded inside a self-produced polymeric matrix. Biofilms have received increasing attention in medical, industrial, and environmental settings due to their enhanced survival. Their characterization using microscopy techniques has revealed the presence of structural and cellular heterogeneity in many bacterial systems. However, these techniques provide limited chemical detail and lack information about the molecules important for bacterial communication and virulence. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) bridges the gap by generating spatial chemical information with unmatched chemical detail, making it an irreplaceable analytical platform in the multi-modal imaging of biofilms. In the last two decades, over 30 species of biofilm-forming bacteria have been studied using MSI in different environments. The literature conveys both analytical advancements and an improved understanding of the effects of environmental variables such as host surface characteristics, antibiotics, and other species of microorganisms on biofilms. This review summarizes the insights from frequently studied model microorganisms. We share a detailed list of organism-wide metabolites, commonly observed mass spectral adducts, culture conditions, strains of bacteria, substrate, broad problem definition, and details of the MS instrumentation, such as ionization sources and matrix, to facilitate future studies. We also compared the spatial characteristics of the secretome under different study designs to highlight changes because of various environmental influences. In addition, we highlight the current limitations of MSI in relation to biofilm characterization to enable cross-comparison between experiments. Overall, MSI has emerged to become an important approach for the spatial/chemical characterization of bacterial biofilms and its use will continue to grow as MSI becomes more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joenisse M Rosado-Rosa
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joshua D Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Sekar A, Gil D, Tierney P, McCanne M, Daesety V, Trendafilova D, Muratoglu OK, Oral E. Synergistic use of anti-inflammatory ketorolac and gentamicin to target staphylococcal biofilms. J Transl Med 2024; 22:102. [PMID: 38273276 PMCID: PMC10809490 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While antibiotics remain our primary tools against microbial infection, increasing antibiotic resistance (inherent and acquired) is a major detriment to their efficacy. A practical approach to maintaining or reversing the efficacy of antibiotics is the use of other commonly used therapeutics, which show synergistic antibacterial action with antibiotics. Here, we investigated the extent of antibacterial synergy between the antibiotic gentamicin and the anti-inflammatory ketorolac regarding the dynamics of biofilm growth, the rate of acquired resistance, and the possible mechanism of synergy. METHODS Control (ATCC 12600, ATCC 35984) and clinical strains (L1101, L1116) of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with varying antibiotic susceptibility profiles were used in this study to simulate implant-material associated low-risk and high-risk biofilms in vitro. The synergistic action of gentamicin sulfate (GS) and ketorolac tromethamine (KT), against planktonic staphylococcal strains were determined using the fractional inhibitory concentration measurement assay. Nascent (6 h) and established (24 h) biofilms were grown on 316L stainless steel plates and the synergistic biofilm eradication activity was determined and characterized using adherent bacteria count, minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) measurement for GS, visualization by live/dead imaging, scanning electron microscopy, gene expression of biofilm-associated genes, and bacterial membrane fluidity assessment. RESULTS Gentamicin-ketorolac (GS-KT) combination demonstrated synergistic antibacterial action against planktonic Staphylococci. Control and clinical strains showed distinct biofilm growth dynamics and an increase in biofilm maturity was shown to confer further resistance to gentamicin for both 'low-risk' and 'high-risk' biofilms. The addition of ketorolac enhanced the antibiofilm activity of gentamicin against acquired resistance in staphylococcal biofilms. Mechanistic studies revealed that the synergistic action of gentamicin-ketorolac interferes with biofilm morphology and subverts bacterial stress response altering bacterial physiology, membrane dynamics, and biofilm properties. CONCLUSION The results of this study have a significant impact on the local administration of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents commonly used in the prevention and treatment of orthopaedic infections. Further, these results warrant the study of synergy for the concurrent or sequential administration of non-antibiotic drugs for antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Sekar
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Dmitry Gil
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Peyton Tierney
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Madeline McCanne
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Vikram Daesety
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Orhun K Muratoglu
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Ebru Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA.
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Fitriani N, Theresia L, O'Marga TTN, Kurniawan SB, Supriyanto A, Abdullah SRS, Rietveld LC. Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22577. [PMID: 38046171 PMCID: PMC10686868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the utilization of blood clam shells as a potential substitute for conventional media, as well as the influence of the acclimation time on the efficacy of an intermittent slow sand filter (ISSF) in the treatment of real domestic wastewater. ISSF was operated with 16 h on and 8 h off, focusing on the parameters of turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate. Two media combinations (only blood clam shells [CC] and sand + blood clam shells [SC]) were operated under two different acclimatization periods (14 and 28 d). Results showed that SC medium exhibited significantly higher removal of turbidity (p < 0.05) as compared to CC medium (45.99 ± 26.84 % vs. 3.79 ± 9.35 %), while CC exhibited slightly higher (p > 0.05) removal of ammonia (23.12 ± 20.2 % vs. 16.77 ± 16.8 %) and phosphate (18.03 ± 11.96 % vs 13.48 ± 12 %). Comparing the acclimatization periods, the 28 d of acclimatization period showed higher overall performances than the 14 d. Further optimizations need to be conducted to obtain an effluent value below the national permissible limit, since the ammonia and phosphate parameters are still slightly higher. SEM analysis confirmed the formation of biofilm on both mediums after 28 d of acclimatization; with further analysis of schmutzdecke formation need to be carried out to enrich the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurina Fitriani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ledy Theresia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Timothy Tjahja Nugraha O'Marga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Agus Supriyanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luuk C. Rietveld
- Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, CN Delft 2628, Netherlands
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6
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Sekar A, Gil D, Tierney PA, McCanne M, Daesety V, Trendafilova D, Muratoglu OK, Oral E. Synergistic use of anti-inflammatory ketorolac and gentamicin to target staphylococcal biofilms. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3471646. [PMID: 37961705 PMCID: PMC10635368 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3471646/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background While antibiotics remain our primary tools against microbial infection, increasing antibiotic resistance (inherent and acquired) is a major detriment to their efficacy. A practical approach to maintaining or reversing the efficacy of antibiotics is the use of other commonly used therapeutics, which show synergistic antibacterial action with antibiotics. Here, we investigated the extent of antibacterial synergy between the antibiotic gentamicin and the anti-inflammatory ketorolac regarding the dynamics of biofilm growth, the rate of acquired resistance, and the possible mechanism of synergy. Methods Control (ATCC 12600, ATCC 35984) and clinical strains (L1101, L1116) of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with varying antibiotic susceptibility profiles were used in this study to simulate implant-material associated low-risk and high-risk biofilms in vitro. The synergistic action of gentamicin sulfate (GS) and ketorolac tromethamine (KT), against planktonic staphylococcal strains were determined using the fractional inhibitory concentration measurement assay. Nascent (6hr) and established (24hr) biofilms were grown on 316 stainless steel plates and the synergistic biofilm eradication activity was determined and characterized using adherent bacteria count, MBEC measurement for GS, gene expression of biofilm-associated genes, visualization by live/dead imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and bacterial membrane fluidity assessment. Results Gentamicin-ketorolac combination demonstrated synergistic antibacterial action against planktonic Staphylococci. Control and clinical strains showed distinct biofilm growth dynamics and an increase in biofilm maturity was shown to confer further resistance to gentamicin for both 'low-risk' and 'high-risk' biofilms. The addition of ketorolac enhanced the antibiofilm activity of gentamicin against acquired resistance in staphylococcal biofilms. Mechanistic studies revealed that the synergistic action of gentamicin-ketorolac interferes with biofilm morphology and subverts bacterial stress response altering bacterial physiology, membrane dynamics, and biofilm properties. Conclusion The results of this study have a significant impact on the local administration of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents commonly used in the prevention and treatment of orthopaedic infections. Further, these results warrant the study of synergy for the concurrent or sequential administration of non-antibiotic drugs for antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Sekar
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Dmitry Gil
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Peyton Anne Tierney
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Madeline McCanne
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Vikram Daesety
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Darina Trendafilova
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Orhun K Muratoglu
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Boston, U.S.A
| | - Ebru Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Boston, U.S.A
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Wang Z, Xu W, Gao Y, Zha M, Zhang D, Peng X, Zhang H, Wang C, Xu C, Zhou T, Liu D, Niu H, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhu C, Guo T, Ying H. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved biofilm formation and ethanol production in continuous fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:119. [PMID: 37525255 PMCID: PMC10391976 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm-immobilized continuous fermentation has the potential to enhance cellular environmental tolerance, maintain cell activity and improve production efficiency. RESULTS In this study, different biofilm-forming genes (FLO5, FLO8 and FLO10) were integrated into the genome of S. cerevisiae for overexpression, while FLO5 and FLO10 gave the best results. The biofilm formation of the engineered strains 1308-FLO5 and 1308-FLO10 was improved by 31.3% and 58.7% compared to that of the WT strain, respectively. The counts of cells adhering onto the biofilm carrier were increased. Compared to free-cell fermentation, the average ethanol production of 1308, 1308-FLO5 and 1308-FLO10 was increased by 17.4%, 20.8% and 19.1% in the biofilm-immobilized continuous fermentation, respectively. Due to good adhering ability, the fermentation broth turbidity of 1308-FLO5 and 1308-FLO10 was decreased by 22.3% and 59.1% in the biofilm-immobilized fermentation, respectively. Subsequently, for biofilm-immobilized fermentation coupled with membrane separation, the engineered strain significantly reduced the pollution of cells onto the membrane and the membrane separation flux was increased by 36.3%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, enhanced biofilm-forming capability of S. cerevisiae could offer multiple benefits in ethanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Weikai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingwei Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Tingqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Huanqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qingguo Liu
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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He J, Gao X, Huang H, Hao J. Proposal and Verification of the Theory of Layer-by-Layer Elimination of Biofilm in Listeria monocytogenes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071361. [PMID: 37048183 PMCID: PMC10093742 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities that represent a high abundance of microbial life forms on Earth. Within biofilms, structural changes during clearance processes occur in three spatial and temporal dimensions; therefore, microscopy and quantitative image analysis are essential in elucidating their function. Here, we present confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with ISA-2 software analysis for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis, and visualisation of biofilm interiors and overall biofilm properties in three spatial and temporal dimensions. This paper discusses the removal process of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) biofilms using slightly acidic electrolytic water, non-electrolytic hypochlorite water, and alternating the use of strongly acidic and strongly alkaline electrolytic water. The results show that the biofilm gradually thins and gutters from the initial viscous dense and thick morphology under the action of either biocide. This process is consistent with first-level kinetics. After CLSM filming to observe the biofilm structure, analysis software was used to process and quantify the biovolume, average biofilm thickness, biofilm roughness and other indicators; fluorescence enzyme markers were used to verify the remaining amount of extracellular nucleic acid. In this study, we proposed and validated the theory of layer-by-layer elimination of LM biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Hanbing Huang
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Öztürk FY, Darcan C, Kariptaş E. The Determination, Monitoring, Molecular Mechanisms and Formation of Biofilm in E. coli. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:259-277. [PMID: 36577889 PMCID: PMC9943865 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are cell assemblies embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix formed by microorganisms of a single or many different species. This matrix in which they are embedded protects the bacteria from external influences and antimicrobial effects. The biofilm structure that microorganisms form to protect themselves from harsh environmental conditions and survive is found in nature in many different environments. These environments where biofilm formation occurs have in common that they are in contact with fluids. The gene expression of bacteria in complex biofilm differs from that of bacteria in the planktonic state. The differences in biofilm cell expression are one of the effects of community life. Means of quorum sensing, bacteria can act in coordination with each other. At the same time, while biofilm formation provides many benefits to bacteria, it has positive and negative effects in many different areas. Depending on where they occur, biofilms can cause serious health problems, contamination risks, corrosion, and heat and efficiency losses. However, they can also be used in water treatment plants, bioremediation, and energy production with microbial fuel cells. In this review, the basic steps of biofilm formation and biofilm regulation in the model organism Escherichia coli were discussed. Finally, the methods by which biofilm formation can be detected and monitored were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Yavuz Öztürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Darcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ergin Kariptaş
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
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Kher L, Kelley K, Santoro D. Ultrastructural Analysis of Differences in the Growth and Maturation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Biofilm on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0357722. [PMID: 36779719 PMCID: PMC10100830 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are extremely complex yet systematic microbial structures. Studies comparing the differences in their growth on living and nonliving surfaces by electron microscopy are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ultrastructurally investigate the differences in the growth and development of Staphylococcal biofilm on polycarbonate filters and canine skin explants. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was incubated for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. It was observed that similar amounts of exopolymeric substance (EPS) were deposited on the biofilm on both surfaces, but the biofilm on the skin explants was primarily flat, whereas the biofilm on the membrane developed a multilayered plateaued look. Microcolony formation was only observed on the membrane filter during the early stages of biofilm development. On the membrane biofilms, EPS was observed to be deposited in a distinctive pattern. EPS deposition on the membrane surface was observed to peak before it declined, but on the explant, a constant increase was observed at all time points. Cell exposure to the environment on both the membrane filters and explants differed depending on the stage of biofilm formation. On both the membranes and the skin explants, there was a perceptible difference between the biofilm growth patterns and speeds. The results of this study suggest that data extrapolated from studies on biofilm bactericidal compounds performed on abiotic surfaces (such as polycarbonate filters) may not be entirely applicable to biofilm growing on biotic surfaces (e.g., skin) due to ultrastructural variations revealed in this study. IMPORTANCE Biofilm has been recognized as an important source of antimicrobial resistance. These sessile microbial colonies tend to attach and grow on every surface, biotic and abiotic, and they account for approximately 80% of chronic and recurrent infections. Biofilms are not all alike; they have different structures and microbial compositions. This high variability allows for differences in the production of exopolymer substances, affecting antimicrobial penetration. No studies have been published that simultaneously compare the structure of biofilms grown on abiotic (in vitro) and biotic (ex vivo) surfaces. To identify treatment alternatives, it is essential to understand the differences between biofilms. The results of the study show how biofilm structures and compositions are dependent on the substrate on which they grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Kher
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karen Kelley
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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11
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Fleeman RM, Mikesh M, Davies BW. Investigating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm preservation for scanning electron microscopy. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000470.v3. [PMID: 36910511 PMCID: PMC9996182 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000470.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation is associated with chronic and relapsing infections. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool for characterizing biofilm structure and studying their formation. Reliable visualization of biofilm structure requires careful sample preservation, otherwise there may be loss of non-covalent interactions that are susceptible to damage during the dehydration and washing preparation steps. However, no standard procedure has been adopted in the literature to fix K. pneumoniae biofilm for scanning electron microscopy studies. This lack of standardization makes it challenging to compare results between studies and determine the degree to which native structures have been preserved. To advance this critical area of study, we investigated different scanning electron microscopy fixation methods for K. pneumoniae biofilm preservation. Our study reveals the impact preparation steps can have on retaining in biofilm architecture observed using scanning electron microscopy. Using fixation methods developed through our studies, we show that although species that overproduce capsular extracellular polysaccharides produced more robust biofilms, K. pneumoniae can form a developed biofilm in the absence of capsular polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Fleeman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Present address: Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32837, USA
| | - Michelle Mikesh
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bryan W. Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Chen YW, Wu GH, Lee BS, Liu CT, Li HY, Cheng SJ, Kuo WT, Jeng JH, Chang PC, Lin CP, Chou HYE, Hou HH. Third-generation sequencing-selected Scardovia wiggsiae promotes periodontitis progression in mice. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:155-164. [PMID: 36451314 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Periodontitis is an oral-bacteria-directed disease that occurs worldwide. Currently, periodontal pathogens are mostly determined using traditional culture techniques, next-generation sequencing, and microbiological screening system. In addition to the well-known and cultivatable periodontal bacteria, we aimed to discover a novel periodontal pathogen by using DNA sequencing and investigate its role in the progression of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE This study identified pathogens from subgingival dental plaque in patients with periodontitis by using the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) third-generation sequencing system and validated the impact of selected pathogen in periodontitis progression by ligature-implanted mice. METHODS Twenty-five patients with periodontitis and 25 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for metagenomic analysis. The ONT third-generation sequencing system was used to confirm the dominant bacteria. A mouse model with ligature implantation and bacterial injection verified the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Neutrophil infiltration and osteoclast activity were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase assays in periodontal tissue. Gingival inflammation was evaluated using pro-inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluids. Alveolar bone destruction in the mice was evaluated using micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Scardovia wiggsiae (S. wiggsiae) was dominant in the subgingival plaque of the patients with periodontitis. S. wiggsiae significantly deteriorated ligature-induced neutrophil infiltration, osteoclast activation, alveolar bone destruction, and the secretion of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the mouse model. CONCLUSION Our metagenome results suggested that S. wiggsiae is a dominant flora in patients with periodontitis. In mice, the induction of neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, osteoclast activation, and alveolar bone destruction further verified the pathogenic role of S. wiggsiae in the progress of periodontitis. Future studies investigating the metabolic interactions between S. wiggsiae and other periodontopathic bacteria are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hua Wu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shiunn Lee
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Te Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ying Li
- Medical Microbiota Center of the First Core Laboratory, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Cheng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi E Chou
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Hou
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Makky S, Rezk N, Abdelsattar AS, Hussein AH, Eid A, Essam K, Kamel AG, Fayez MS, Azzam M, Agwa MM, El-Shibiny A. Characterization of the biosynthesized Syzygium aromaticum-mediated silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity in combination with bacteriophage. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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14
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Fessia A, Sartori M, García D, Fernández L, Ponzio R, Barros G, Nesci A. In vitro studies of biofilm-forming Bacillus strains, biocontrol agents isolated from the maize phyllosphere. Biofilm 2022; 4:100097. [PMID: 36504526 PMCID: PMC9731887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess how biofilm formation by three Bacillus isolates was affected by changes in temperature, water potential, growth media, time, and the combinations between these factors. The strains had been selected as potential biological control agents (BCAs) in earlier studies, and they were identified as B. subtilis and B. velezensis spp. through 16 rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS. Maize leaves (ML) were used as one of the growth media, since they made it possible to simulate the nutrient content in the maize phyllosphere, from which the bacteria were originally isolated. The strains were able to form biofilm both in ML and biofilm-inducing MSgg after 24, 48, and 72 h. Biofilm development in the form of pellicles and architecturally complex colonies varied morphologically from one strain to another and depended on the conditions mentioned above. In all cases, colonies and pellicles were less complex when both temperature and water potential were lower. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that changing levels of complexity in pellicles were correlated with those in colonies. Statistical analyses found that the quantification of biofilm produced by the isolates was influenced by all the conditions tested. In terms of motility (which may contribute to biofilm formation), swimming and swarming were possible for all strains in 0.3 and 0.7% agar, respectively. A more in-depth understanding of how abiotic factors influence biofilm formation can contribute to a more effective use of these biocontrol strains against pathogens in the maize phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluminé Fessia
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina,Corresponding author. Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Melina Sartori
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Daiana García
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Luciana Fernández
- Departamento de Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CONICET, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina,Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Ponzio
- Departamento de Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CONICET, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina,Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Germán Barros
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Andrea Nesci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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15
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Effect of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Niosomes on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122662. [PMID: 36559155 PMCID: PMC9788229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by bacterial biofilms represent a global health problem, causing considerable patient morbidity and mortality in addition to an economic burden. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and other medically relevant bacterial strains colonize clinical surfaces and medical devices via biofilm in which bacterial cells are protected from the action of the immune system, disinfectants, and antibiotics. Several approaches have been investigated to inhibit and disperse bacterial biofilms, and the use of drug delivery could represent a fascinating strategy. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), which belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones, has been extensively used against various bacterial infections, and its loading in nanocarriers, such as niosomes, could support the CIP antibiofilm activity. Niosomes, composed of two surfactants (Tween 85 and Span 80) without the presence of cholesterol, are prepared and characterized considering the following features: hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential, morphology, vesicle bilayer characteristics, physical-chemical stability, and biological efficacy. The obtained results suggest that: (i) niosomes by surfactants in the absence of cholesterol are formed, can entrap CIP, and are stable over time and in artificial biological media; (ii) the CIP inclusion in nanocarriers increase its stability, with respect to free drug; (iii) niosomes preparations were able to induce a relevant inhibition of biofilm formation.
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16
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Artini M, Imperlini E, Buonocore F, Relucenti M, Porcelli F, Donfrancesco O, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Fiscarelli EV, Papa R, Selan L. Anti-Virulence Potential of a Chionodracine-Derived Peptide against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13494. [PMID: 36362282 PMCID: PMC9657651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing several chronic infections resistant to currently available antibiotics. Its pathogenicity is related to the production of different virulence factors such as biofilm and protease secretion. Pseudomonas communities can persist in biofilms that protect bacterial cells from antibiotics. Hence, there is a need for innovative approaches that are able to counteract these virulence factors, which play a pivotal role, especially in chronic infections. In this context, antimicrobial peptides are emerging drugs showing a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Here, we tested the anti-virulence activity of a chionodracine-derived peptide (KHS-Cnd) on five P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. We demonstrated that KHS-Cnd impaired biofilm development and caused biofilm disaggregation without affecting bacterial viability in nearly all of the tested strains. Ultrastructural morphological analysis showed that the effect of KHS-Cnd on biofilm could be related to a different compactness of the matrix. KHS-Cnd was also able to reduce adhesion to pulmonary cell lines and to impair the invasion of host cells by P. aeruginosa. A cytotoxic effect of KHS-Cnd was observed only at the highest tested concentration. This study highlights the potential of KHS-Cnd as an anti-biofilm and anti-virulence molecule against P. aeruginosa clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Imperlini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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17
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Kamimura R, Kanematsu H, Ogawa A, Kogo T, Miura H, Kawai R, Hirai N, Kato T, Yoshitake M, Barry DM. Quantitative Analyses of Biofilm by Using Crystal Violet Staining and Optical Reflection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6727. [PMID: 36234069 PMCID: PMC9571847 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms have caused many problems, not only in the industrial fields, but also in our daily lives. Therefore, it is important for us to control them by evaluating them properly. There are many instrumental analytical methods available for evaluating formed biofilm qualitatively. These methods include the use of Raman spectroscopy and various microscopes (optical microscopes, confocal laser microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, etc.). On the other hand, there are some biological methods, such as staining, gene analyses, etc. From the practical viewpoint, staining methods seem to be the best due to various reasons. Therefore, we focused on the staining method that used a crystal violet solution. In the previous study, we devised an evaluation process for biofilms using a color meter to analyze the various staining situations. However, this method was complicated and expensive for practical engineers. For this experiment, we investigated the process of using regular photos that were quantified without any instruments except for digitized cameras. Digitized cameras were used to compare the results. As a result, we confirmed that the absolute values were different for both cases, respectively. However, the tendency of changes was the same. Therefore, we plan to utilize the changes before and after biofilm formation as indicators for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Kamimura
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Mie, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanematsu
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Mie, Japan
| | - Akiko Ogawa
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Mie, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kogo
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Miura
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Mie, Japan
| | - Risa Kawai
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Mie, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Hirai
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Mie, Japan
| | - Takehito Kato
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Oyama College, Oyama 323-0806, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshitake
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dana M. Barry
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
- STEM Laboratory, State University of New York, Canton, NY 13617, USA
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18
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Kudara H, Kanematsu H, Barry DM, Ogawa A, Kogo T, Miura H, Kawai R, Hirai N, Kato T, Yoshitake M. Proposal for Some Affordable Laboratory Biofilm Reactors and Their Critical Evaluations from Practical Viewpoints. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:4691. [PMID: 35806818 PMCID: PMC9267959 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are a result of bacterial activities and are found everywhere. They often form on metal surfaces and on the surfaces of polymeric compounds. Biofilms are sticky and mostly consist of water. They have a strong resistance to antimicrobial agents and can cause serious problems for modern medicine and industry. Biofilms are composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides produced from bacterial cells and are dominated by water at the initial stage. In a series of experiments, using Escherichia coli, we developed three types of laboratory biofilm reactors (LBR) to simulate biofilm formation. For the first trial, we used a rotary type of biofilm reactor for stirring. For the next trial, we tried another rotary type of reactor where the circular plate holding specimens was rotated. Finally, a circular laboratory biofilm reactor was used. Biofilms were evaluated by using a crystal violet staining method and by using Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, they were compared to each other from the practical (industrial) viewpoints. The third type was the best to form biofilms in a short period. However, the first and second were better from the viewpoint of "ease of use". All of these have their own advantages and disadvantages, respectively. Therefore, they should be properly selected and used for specific and appropriate purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikonaru Kudara
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan; (H.K.); (A.O.); (T.K.); (R.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Hideyuki Kanematsu
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan; (H.K.); (A.O.); (T.K.); (R.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Dana M. Barry
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
- STEM Laboratory, State University of New York, Canton, NY 13617, USA
| | - Akiko Ogawa
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan; (H.K.); (A.O.); (T.K.); (R.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Takeshi Kogo
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan; (H.K.); (A.O.); (T.K.); (R.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Hidekazu Miura
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Japan;
| | - Risa Kawai
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan; (H.K.); (A.O.); (T.K.); (R.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Nobumitsu Hirai
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan; (H.K.); (A.O.); (T.K.); (R.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Takehito Kato
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Oyama College, Oyama 323-0806, Japan;
| | - Michiko Yoshitake
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
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19
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Demirez Bircan Z, Aydinoglu S, Arslan I, Alpay Karaoglu S, Yurteri E, Bozdeveci A. Comparative evaluation of various herbal extracts on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Scardovia wiggsiae: An in vitro study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:514-526. [PMID: 34564912 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to their strong antimicrobial properties, Helichrysum arenarium (HA), Anzer thyme (AT), and Stevia rebaudiana (SR) have been commonly used in medicine. AIM This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activities of HA, AT, and SR against S. mutans and S. wiggsiae in biofilms formed on primary teeth. DESIGN Fifty enamel samples were divided into two groups: mono-species biofilm and two-species biofilm. Each biofilm group was divided into five subgroups (n = 5): group 1, HA; group 2, AT; group 3, SR; group 4, CHX (positive control); and group 5, distilled water (negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined. The number of viable microorganisms was counted. The presence of microorganisms was examined using a scanning electron microscope, and mineral analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. RESULTS In the mono-species biofilm, CHX was significantly more effective against S. mutans than other groups (p < .001). Furthermore, HA, AT, and SR groups showed significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans than distilled water (p < .05). In the two-species biofilm group, AT, SR, and CHX were significantly more effective against S. wiggsiae than distilled water (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS HA, AT, and SR have been suggested as effective natural alternatives to CHX against cariogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Demirez Bircan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sema Aydinoglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ipek Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sengul Alpay Karaoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitye, Rize, Turkey
| | - Emine Yurteri
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Arif Bozdeveci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitye, Rize, Turkey
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20
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Leonard H, Jiang X, Arshavsky-Graham S, Holtzman L, Haimov Y, Weizman D, Halachmi S, Segal E. Shining light in blind alleys: deciphering bacterial attachment in silicon microstructures. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:729-742. [PMID: 35616534 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With new advances in infectious disease, antifouling surfaces, and environmental microbiology research comes the need to understand and control the accumulation and attachment of bacterial cells on a surface. Thus, we employ intrinsic phase-shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements of silicon diffraction gratings to non-destructively observe the interactions between bacterial cells and abiotic, microstructured surfaces in a label-free and real-time manner. We conclude that the combination of specific material characteristics (i.e., substrate surface charge and topology) and characteristics of the bacterial cells (i.e., motility, cell charge, biofilm formation, and physiology) drive bacteria to adhere to a particular surface, often leading to a biofilm formation. Such knowledge can be exploited to predict antibiotic efficacy and biofilm formation, and enhance surface-based biosensor development, as well as the design of anti-biofouling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Liran Holtzman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yuri Haimov
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Daniel Weizman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3104800, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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21
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Impedance Characteristics of Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Films with Biofilm Formation and Growth. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093548. [PMID: 35591238 PMCID: PMC9101136 DOI: 10.3390/s22093548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are the result of bacterial activity. When the number of bacteria (attached to materials’ surfaces) reaches a certain threshold value, then the bacteria simultaneously excrete organic polymers (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances). These sticky polymers encase and protect the bacteria. They are called biofilms and contain about 80% water. Other components of biofilm include polymeric carbon compounds such as polysaccharides and bacteria. It is well-known that biofilms cause various medical and hygiene problems. Therefore, it is important to have a sensor that can detect biofilms to solve such problems. Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet in which carbon atoms are connected in a hexagonal shape like a honeycomb. Carbon compounds generally bond easily to graphene. Therefore, it is highly possible that graphene could serve as a sensor to monitor biofilm formation and growth. In our previous study, monolayer graphene was prepared on a glass substrate by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Its biofilm forming ability was compared with that of graphite. As a result, the CVD graphene film had the higher sensitivity for biofilm formation. However, the monolayer graphene has a mechanical disadvantage when used as a biofilm sensor. Therefore, for this new research project, we prepared bilayer graphene with high mechanical strength by using the CVD process on copper substrates. For these specimens, we measured the capacitance component of the specimens’ impedance. In addition, we have included a discussion about the possibility of applying them as future sensors for monitoring biofilm formation and growth.
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Artini M, Papa R, Sapienza F, Božović M, Vrenna G, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Sabatino M, Garzoli S, Fiscarelli EV, Ragno R, Selan L. Essential Oils Biofilm Modulation Activity and Machine Learning Analysis on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050887. [PMID: 35630332 PMCID: PMC9145053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often involved in airway infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It persists in the hostile CF lung environment, inducing chronic infections due to the production of several virulence factors. In this regard, the ability to form a biofilm plays a pivotal role in CF airway colonization by P. aeruginosa. Bacterial virulence mitigation and bacterial cell adhesion hampering and/or biofilm reduced formation could represent a major target for the development of new therapeutic treatments for infection control. Essential oils (EOs) are being considered as a potential alternative in clinical settings for the prevention, treatment, and control of infections sustained by microbial biofilms. EOs are complex mixtures of different classes of organic compounds, usually used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in traditional medicine. Recently, a wide series of EOs were investigated for their ability to modulate biofilm production by different pathogens comprising S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa strains. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to develop classification models in order to suggest a possible antibiofilm action for each chemical component of the studied EOs. In the present study, we assessed the biofilm growth modulation exerted by 61 commercial EOs on a selected number of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from CF patients. Furthermore, ML has been used to shed light on the EO chemical components likely responsible for the positive or negative modulation of bacterial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Filippo Sapienza
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mijat Božović
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.T.G.A.); (E.V.F.)
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.T.G.A.); (E.V.F.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Società Italiana Ricerca Oli Essenziali, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (L.S.)
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Cruz A, Condinho M, Carvalho B, Arraiano CM, Pobre V, Pinto SN. The Two Weapons against Bacterial Biofilms: Detection and Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1482. [PMID: 34943694 PMCID: PMC8698905 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are defined as complex aggregates of bacteria that grow attached to surfaces or are associated with interfaces. Bacteria within biofilms are embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix made of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. It is recognized that bacterial biofilms are responsible for the majority of microbial infections that occur in the human body, and that biofilm-related infections are extremely difficult to treat. This is related with the fact that microbial cells in biofilms exhibit increased resistance levels to antibiotics in comparison with planktonic (free-floating) cells. In the last years, the introduction into the market of novel compounds that can overcome the resistance to antimicrobial agents associated with biofilm infection has slowed down. If this situation is not altered, millions of lives are at risk, and this will also strongly affect the world economy. As such, research into the identification and eradication of biofilms is important for the future of human health. In this sense, this article provides an overview of techniques developed to detect and imaging biofilms as well as recent strategies that can be applied to treat biofilms during the several biofilm formation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cruz
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Condinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.C.); (B.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.C.); (B.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Cecília M. Arraiano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.C.); (B.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Vânia Pobre
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.C.); (B.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Sandra N. Pinto
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Vrenna G, Artini M, Ragno R, Relucenti M, Fiscarelli EV, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Papa R, Selan L. Anti-Virulence Properties of Coridothymus capitatus Essential Oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2257. [PMID: 34835383 PMCID: PMC8623622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, and is often involved in airway infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa virulence is related to its ability to form biofilm, trigger different types of motilities, and produce toxins (for example, bacterial pigments). In this scenario, essential oils (EOs) have gained notoriety for their role in phenotype modulation, including virulence modulation. Among different EOs previously analyzed, herein we investigated the activity of Coridothymus capitatus EO (CCEO) against specific virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients. CCEO showed inhibition of new biofilm formation and reduction in mature biofilm in about half of the tested strains. On selected strains, SEM analysis provided interesting information regarding CCEO action in a pre-adhesion assay. CCEO treatment showed a dramatic modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. Our results clearly showed a drastic reduction in pyocyanin production (between 84% and 100%) for all tested strains in the presence of CCEO. Finally, CCEO was also able to strongly affect P. aeruginosa swarming and swimming motility for almost all tested strains. In consideration of the novel results obtained on clinical strains isolated from CF patients, CCEO may be a potential candidate to limit P. aeruginosa virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Unit Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Diagnostic Medicine and Laboratory Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Unit Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Diagnostic Medicine and Laboratory Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.A.)
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Papa R, Vrenna G, D’Angelo C, Casillo A, Relucenti M, Donfrancesco O, Corsaro MM, Fiscarelli EV, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Tutino ML, Parrilli E, Artini M, Selan L. Anti-Virulence Activity of the Cell-Free Supernatant of the Antarctic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:944. [PMID: 34438994 PMCID: PMC8388993 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen often involved in airway infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Its pathogenicity is related to several virulence factors, such as biofilm formation, motility and production of toxins and proteases. The expression of these virulence factors is controlled by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, QS inhibition is considered a novel strategy for the development of antipathogenic compounds acting on specific bacterial virulence programs without affecting bacterial vitality. In this context, cold-adapted marine bacteria living in polar regions represent an untapped reservoir of biodiversity endowed with an interesting chemical repertoire. In this paper, we investigated the biological activity of a supernatant derived from a novel Antarctic bacterium (SN_TAE2020) against specific virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa strains isolated from FC patients. Our results clearly show a reduction in pyocyanin and protease production in the presence of SN_TAE2020. Finally, SN_TAE2020 was also able to strongly affect swarming and swimming motility for almost all tested strains. Furthermore, the effect of SN_TAE2020 was investigated on biofilm growth and texture, captured by SEM analysis. In consideration of the novel results obtained on clinical strains, polar bacteria might represent potential candidates for the discovery of new compounds limiting P. aeruginosa virulence in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Caterina D’Angelo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.L.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.L.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (O.D.)
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (O.D.)
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.L.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Unit Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Diagnostic Medicine and Laboratory Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s IRCCS Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Unit Cystic Fibrosis Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Diagnostic Medicine and Laboratory Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s IRCCS Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.L.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (M.M.C.); (M.L.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.S.)
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Liu Z, Li L, Fang Z, Lee Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Li H, Lu W. Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Genes and Metabolites Involved in Bifidobacterium bifidum Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147596. [PMID: 34299216 PMCID: PMC8304991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum strains, an important component of probiotic foods, can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, leading to increased self-resistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of B. bifidum biofilm formation. A time series transcriptome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of both B. bifidum biofilm and planktonic cells was performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in biofilm formation. Two hundred thirty-five nonredundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including vanY, pstS, degP, groS, infC, groL, yajC, tadB and sigA) and 219 nonredundant differentially expressed metabolites (including L-threonine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, butyric acid and sphinganine) were identified. Thirteen pathways were identified during the integration of both transcriptomics and metabolomics data, including ABC transporters; quorum sensing; two-component system; oxidative phosphorylation; cysteine and methionine metabolism; glutathione metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. The DEGs that relate to the integration pathways included asd, atpB, degP, folC, ilvE, metC, pheA, pstS, pyrE, serB, ulaE, yajC and zwf. The differentially accumulated metabolites included L-cystine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, methylmalonate, monodehydroascorbate, nicotinamide, orthophosphate, spermine and tocopherol. These results indicate that quorum sensing, two-component system and amino acid metabolism are essential during B. bifidum biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuankun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85197302
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McDaniel S, McDaniel J, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9060073. [PMID: 34204219 PMCID: PMC8234915 DOI: 10.3390/dj9060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McDaniel
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaydene McDaniel
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
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Relucenti M, Familiari G, Donfrancesco O, Taurino M, Li X, Chen R, Artini M, Papa R, Selan L. Microscopy Methods for Biofilm Imaging: Focus on SEM and VP-SEM Pros and Cons. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010051. [PMID: 33445707 PMCID: PMC7828176 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacterial biofilms cause infections that are often resistant to antibiotic treatments. Research about the formation and elimination of biofilms cannot be undertaken without detailed imaging techniques. In this review, traditional and cutting-edge microscopy methods to study biofilm structure, ultrastructure, and 3-D architecture, with particular emphasis on conventional scanning electron microscopy and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy, are addressed, with the respective advantages and disadvantages. When ultrastructural characterization of biofilm matrix and its embedded bacterial cells is needed, as in studies on the effects of drug treatments on biofilm, scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as the osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA), and ionic liquid (IL) must be preferred over other methods for the following: unparalleled image quality, magnification and resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The first step to make a morphological assessment of the effect of the various pharmacological treatments on clinical biofilms is the production of images that faithfully reflect the structure of the sample. The extraction of quantitative parameters from images, possible using specific software, will allow for the scanning electron microscopy morphological evaluation to no longer be considered as an accessory technique, but a quantitative method to all effects. Abstract Several imaging methodologies have been used in biofilm studies, contributing to deepening the knowledge on their structure. This review illustrates the most widely used microscopy techniques in biofilm investigations, focusing on traditional and innovative scanning electron microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), variable pressure SEM (VP-SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), and the more recent ambiental SEM (ASEM), ending with the cutting edge Cryo-SEM and focused ion beam SEM (FIB SEM), highlighting the pros and cons of several methods with particular emphasis on conventional SEM and VP-SEM. As each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, the choice of the most appropriate method must be done carefully, based on the specific aim of the study. The evaluation of the drug effects on biofilm requires imaging methods that show the most detailed ultrastructural features of the biofilm. In this kind of research, the use of scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA) staining, and ionic liquid (IL) treatment is unrivalled for its image quality, magnification, resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The combined use of innovative SEM protocols and 3-D image analysis software will allow for quantitative data from SEM images to be extracted; in this way, data from images of samples that have undergone different antibiofilm treatments can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649918061
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (O.D.)
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (O.D.)
| | - Maurizio Taurino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Unit of Vascular Surgery, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (X.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (L.S.)
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Papa R, Garzoli S, Vrenna G, Sabatino M, Sapienza F, Relucenti M, Donfrancesco O, Fiscarelli EV, Artini M, Selan L, Ragno R. Essential Oils Biofilm Modulation Activity, Chemical and Machine Learning Analysis. Application on Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9258. [PMID: 33291608 PMCID: PMC7730550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm plays a pivotal role in chronic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection and its inhibition may represent an important strategy to develop novel therapeutic agents. The scientific community is continuously searching for natural and "green alternatives" to chemotherapeutic drugs, including essential oils (EOs), assuming the latter not able to select resistant strains, likely due to their multicomponent nature and, hence, multitarget action. Here it is reported the biofilm production modulation exerted by 61 EOs, also investigated for their antibacterial activity on S. aureus strains, including reference and cystic fibrosis patients' isolated strains. The EOs biofilm modulation was assessed by Christensen method on five S. aureus strains. Chemical composition, investigated by GC/MS analysis, of the tested EOs allowed a correlation between biofilm modulation potency and putative active components by means of machine learning algorithms application. Some EOs inhibited biofilm growth at 1.00% concentration, although lower concentrations revealed different biological profile. Experimental data led to select antibiofilm EOs based on their ability to inhibit S. aureus biofilm growth, which were characterized for their ability to alter the biofilm organization by means of SEM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Sapienza
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (O.D.)
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (O.D.)
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Paediatric and Laboratory Department, Children’s Hospital and Institure Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (G.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (M.S.); (F.S.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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