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Woyda R, Oladeinde A, Endale D, Strickland T, Plumblee Lawrence J, Abdo Z. Genetic Characteristics of Salmonella Isolates Recovered From Reused Broiler Litter Over Three Successive Flocks. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100236. [PMID: 38307462 PMCID: PMC11000695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella infections are a leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness worldwide. Infections are highly associated with the consumption of contaminated food, and in particular, chicken meat. The severity of Salmonella infections depends on the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. While there are many studies which have investigated Salmonella strains isolated from postharvest chicken samples, there is a gap in our understanding of the genetic properties that influence the persistence of Salmonella in preharvest and in particular their makeup of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. We used whole genome sequencing and hierarchical clustering to characterize and classify the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica isolates (n = 55) recovered from the litter of commercial broiler chicken raised in four colocated broiler houses of one integrated farm over three consecutive flocks. The chicken were raised under a newly adopted "No Antibiotics Ever" program, and copper sulfate was administered via drinking water. In-silico serovar prediction identified three S. enterica serovars: Enteritidis (n = 12), Kentucky (n = 40), and Senftenberg (n = 3). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that only one S. Kentucky isolate was resistant to streptomycin, while the remaining isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Metal resistance operons, including copper and silver, were identified chromosomally and on plasmids in serovar Senftenberg and Kentucky isolates, respectively, while serovar Enteritidis carried several virulence factors on plasmids. Serovar Kentucky isolates harboring metal resistance operons were the only Salmonella isolates recovered from the litter of third flock cohort. These results suggest that there might be environmental selection for Salmonella strains carrying plasmid-associated metal resistance and virulence genes, which could play a role in their persistence in litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Woyda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dinku Endale
- Southeast Watershed Research, USDA, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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Ji L, Lin X, Yuan K, Li Y, Leghari A, Yuan B, Lin H. The recombinant swinepox virus expressing sseB could provide piglets with strong protection against Salmonella typhimurium challenge. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105801. [PMID: 36170951 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. poses a great threat to the livestock, food safety and public health. A recombinant swinepox virus expressing a protective antigen sseB was constructed by homologous recombination to develop a vaccine against Salmonella infection. The rSPV-sseB was verified using PCR, Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The immune responses and protective efficacy of rSPV-sseB were assessed in piglets. Forty piglets were immunized with rSPV-sseB, inactive Salmonella vaccine, wild-type SPV (wtSPV), or PBS. The results showed that the level of the sseB-specific antibody of the rSPV-sseB-vaccinated piglets was significantly higher at all time points post-vaccination than those of the inactivated Salmonella vaccine (P < 0.05), wtSPV (P < 0.001) or mock treated piglets (P < 0.001). The IL-4 and IFN-γ in the rSPV-sseB group were significantly higher than the other three groups at all post-infection time points. rSPV-sseB provided piglets with strong protection against the challenge of S. typhimurium with lethal dose. These results suggest the possibility of using recombinant swinepox virus rSPV-sseB as a promising vaccine to prevent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ji
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xisha Lin
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kenan Yuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ambreen Leghari
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210, Pakistan
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Marks H, Grześkowiak Ł, Martinez-Vallespin B, Dietz H, Zentek J. Porcine and Chicken Intestinal Epithelial Cell Models for Screening Phytogenic Feed Additives—Chances and Limitations in Use as Alternatives to Feeding Trials. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030629. [PMID: 35336204 PMCID: PMC8951747 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous bioactive plant additives have shown various positive effects in pigs and chickens. The demand for feed additives of natural origin has increased rapidly in recent years to support the health of farm animals and thus minimize the need for antibiotics and other drugs. Although only in vivo experiments can fully represent their effect on the organism, the establishment of reliable in vitro methods is becoming increasingly important in the goal of reducing the use of animals in experiments. The use of cell models requires strict control of the experimental conditions so that reliability and reproducibility can be achieved. In particular, the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 represents a promising model for the development of new additives. It offers the possibility to investigate antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti- or pro-proliferative and antiviral effects. However, the use of IPEC-J2 is limited due to its purely epithelial origin and some differences in its morphology and functionality compared to the in vivo situation. With regard to chickens, the development of a reliable intestinal epithelial cell model has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Although a promising model was presented lately, further studies are needed to enable the standardized use of a chicken cell line for testing phytogenic feed additives. Finally, co-cultivation of the currently available cell lines with other cell lines and the development of organoids will open up further application possibilities. Special emphasis was given to the IPEC-J2 cell model. Therefore, all publications that investigated plant derived compounds in this cell line were considered. The section on chicken cell lines is based on publications describing the development of chicken intestinal epithelial cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Marks
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (Ł.G.); (B.M.-V.); (J.Z.)
- Kaesler Research Institute, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Fischkai 1, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Grześkowiak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (Ł.G.); (B.M.-V.); (J.Z.)
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Vallespin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (Ł.G.); (B.M.-V.); (J.Z.)
| | - Heiko Dietz
- Kaesler Research Institute, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Fischkai 1, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (Ł.G.); (B.M.-V.); (J.Z.)
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Krueger LA, Gaydos TA, Sims MD, Spangler DA. Avi-Lution supplemented at 250 or 500 mg per kg in feed decreases the abundance of Salmonella Enteritidis in ceca of layer pullets. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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