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Gdanetz K, Dobbins MR, Villani SM, Outwater CA, Slack SM, Nesbitt D, Svircev AM, Lauwers EM, Zeng Q, Cox KD, Sundin GW. Multisite Field Evaluation of Bacteriophages for Fire Blight Management: Incorporation of Ultraviolet Radiation Protectants and Impact on the Apple Flower Microbiome. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1028-1038. [PMID: 37581441 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-23-0145-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Fire blight, a disease of pome fruits caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, has become increasingly difficult to manage after the emergence of streptomycin-resistant strains. Alternative antibiotics and copper are available; however, these chemicals have use restrictions in some countries and also can carry risks of phytotoxicity. Therefore, there is growing interest in biological-based management options, with bacteriophage (phages) showing promise, as these naturally occurring pathogens of bacteria are easy to isolate and grow. However, there are several technical challenges regarding the implementation of phage biocontrol in the field, as the viral molecules suffer from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) degradation and can die off rapidly in the absence of the host bacterium. In this work, we assessed the efficacy of Erwinia phages and a commercial phage product for blossom blight control in the field across multiple locations in the eastern United States. In these tests, disease control ranged from 0.0 to 82.7%, and addition of a UVR protectant only resulted in significantly increased disease control in 2 of 12 tests. We also analyzed microbial community population changes in response to phage application. Changes in bacterial community diversity metrics over time were not detected; however, relative abundances of target taxa were temporarily reduced after phage applications, indicating that these phage applications did not have deleterious effects on the flower microbiome. We have demonstrated that biological control of fire blight with phages is achievable, but a better understanding of phage-pathogen dynamics is required to optimize disease control efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Gdanetz
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Madison R Dobbins
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Sara M Villani
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mountain Horticulture and Crops Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC 28759, U.S.A
| | - Cory A Outwater
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Suzanne M Slack
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Darlene Nesbitt
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, ON, Canada L0R 2E0
| | - Antonet M Svircev
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, ON, Canada L0R 2E0
| | - Erin M Lauwers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
- Northwest Michigan Horticulture Research Center, Michigan State University, Traverse City, MI 49694, U.S.A
| | - Quan Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, CT Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, U.S.A
| | - Kerik D Cox
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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2
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Biosca EG, Delgado Santander R, Morán F, Figàs-Segura À, Vázquez R, Català-Senent JF, Álvarez B. First European Erwinia amylovora Lytic Bacteriophage Cocktails Effective in the Host: Characterization and Prospects for Fire Blight Biocontrol. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:176. [PMID: 38534446 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a highly contagious and difficult-to-control disease due to its efficient dissemination and survival and the scarcity of effective control methods. Copper and antibiotics are the most used treatments but pose environmental and human health risks. Bacteriophages (phages) constitute an ecological, safe, and sustainable fire blight control alternative. The goal of this study was to search for specific E. amylovora phages from plant material, soil, and water samples in Mediterranean environments. A collection of phages able to specifically infect and lyse E. amylovora strains was generated from former fire blight-affected orchards in Eastern Spain. Following in vitro characterization, assays in immature fruit revealed that preventively applying some of the phages or their combinations delayed the onset of fire blight symptoms and reduced the disease's severity, suggesting their biocontrol potential in Spain and other countries. The morphological and molecular characterization of the selected E. amylovora phages classified them as members of the class Caudoviricetes (former Myoviridae family) and genus Kolesnikvirus. This study reveals Mediterranean settings as plausible sources of E. amylovora-specific bacteriophages and provides the first effective European phage cocktails in plant material for the development of sustainable fire blight management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Biosca
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Delgado Santander
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Félix Morán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Àngela Figàs-Segura
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Belén Álvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), 28805 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ibrahim N, Nesbitt D, Guo Q(T, Lin J, Svircev A, Wang Q, Weadge JT, Anany H. Improved Viability of Spray-Dried Pantoea agglomerans for Phage-Carrier Mediated Control of Fire Blight. Viruses 2024; 16:257. [PMID: 38400033 PMCID: PMC10893313 DOI: 10.3390/v16020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating bacterial disease that threatens apple and pear production. It is mainly controlled by using antibiotics, such as streptomycin. Due to development of E. amylovora resistant strains and the excessive agricultural use of antibiotics, there is an increased awareness of the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene transfer to other microbes. Urgent development of biocontrol agents (BCAs) is needed that can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs as antibiotic alternatives. A novel phage-carrier system (PCS) that combines an antagonistic bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans, with its ability to act as a phage-carrier bacterium for Erwinia phages has been developed. The low viability of P. agglomerans cells following spray-drying (SD) has been a challenge for the industrial-scale production of this PCS. Here, an SD protocol was developed for P. agglomerans by modifying the growth medium and bacterial cell formulation using D(+)-trehalose and maltodextrin. The developed protocol is amenable to the industrial-scale production of the BCA/PCS. The P. agglomerans viability was greater than 90% after SD and had a shelf life at 4 °C of 4 months, and reconstituted cells showed a 3 log reduction in E. amylovora counts with a pear disc assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassereldin Ibrahim
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph Research and Development Centre (GRDC), 93 Stone Rd W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (N.I.); (Q.G.); (Q.W.)
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada;
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Darlene Nesbitt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada; (D.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Qian (Tracy) Guo
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph Research and Development Centre (GRDC), 93 Stone Rd W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (N.I.); (Q.G.); (Q.W.)
| | - Janet Lin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Agency, 110 Stone Rd. W., Guelph, ON N1G 3W4, Canada;
| | - Antonet Svircev
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Vineland Station, ON L0R 2E0, Canada; (D.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph Research and Development Centre (GRDC), 93 Stone Rd W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (N.I.); (Q.G.); (Q.W.)
| | - Joel T. Weadge
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada;
| | - Hany Anany
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph Research and Development Centre (GRDC), 93 Stone Rd W., Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada; (N.I.); (Q.G.); (Q.W.)
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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García P, Tabla R, Anany H, Bastias R, Brøndsted L, Casado S, Cifuentes P, Deaton J, Denes TG, Islam MA, Lavigne R, Moreno-Switt AI, Nakayama N, Muñoz Madero C, Sulakvelidze A, Svircev AM, Wagemans J, Biosca EG, Rivera D. ECOPHAGE: Combating Antimicrobial Resistance Using Bacteriophages for Eco-Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems. Viruses 2023; 15:2224. [PMID: 38005900 PMCID: PMC10675804 DOI: 10.3390/v15112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this meeting was to discuss the suitability of using bacteriophages as alternative antimicrobials in the agrifood sector. Following a One Health approach, the workshop explored the possibilities of implementing phage application strategies in the agriculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and food production sectors. Therefore, the meeting had gathered phage researchers, representatives of the agrifood industry, and policymakers to debate the advantages and potential shortcomings of using bacteriophages as alternatives to traditional antimicrobials and chemical pesticides. Industry delegates showed the latest objectives and demands from consumers. Representatives of regulatory agencies (European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS)) presented an update of new regulatory aspects that will impact and support the approval and implementation of phage application strategies across the different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar García
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain;
| | - Rafael Tabla
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06071 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Roberto Bastias
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Lone Brøndsted
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Susana Casado
- Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS), 28022 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - John Deaton
- ADM Science & Technology, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA;
| | - Thomas G. Denes
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820435, Chile;
| | - Natsuko Nakayama
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan;
| | - Cristina Muñoz Madero
- Department of Medicines for Veterinary Use, Coordinator of the National Antibiotics Plan, Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS), 28022 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Elena G. Biosca
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dácil Rivera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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5
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Wang C, Zhao J, Lin Y, Yuan L, El-Telbany M, Maung AT, Abdelaziz MNS, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Isolation, characterization of Enterococcus phages and their application in control of E. faecalis in milk. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad250. [PMID: 37944001 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Isolation and characterization of Enterococcus phages and application of phage cocktail to control E. faecalis in milk. METHODS AND RESULTS For phage isolations, double layer agar method was used. Host range of the phages were determined by the spot test. Twelve phages with varying host ranges were isolated. Phages PEF1, PEF7b, and PEF9 with different host ranges and lytic activities were selected for phage cocktails. Compared to two-phages cocktails tested, the cocktail containing all the three phages displayed stronger antibacterial and biofilm removal activities. The cocktail treatment reduced viable E. faecalis in biofilm by 6 log within 6 h at both 30°C and 4°C. In milk, the cocktail gradually reduced the viable count of E. faecalis and the count reached below the lower limit of detection at 48 h at 4°C. CONCLUSION The strong bactericidal and biofilm removal activities of the phage cocktail suggest the potential of this cocktail as a natural biocontrol agent for combating E. faecalis in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junxin Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Marwa Nabil Sayed Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Bertolini E, Figàs-Segura À, Álvarez B, Biosca EG. Development of TaqMan Real-Time PCR Protocols for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of the Bacterial Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and Their Specific Lytic Bacteriophages. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040841. [PMID: 37112822 PMCID: PMC10145937 DOI: 10.3390/v15040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most destructive diseases of solanaceous plants, affecting staple crops worldwide. The bacterium survives in water, soil, and other reservoirs, and is difficult to control. In this sense, the use of three specific lytic R. solanacearum bacteriophages was recently patented for bacterial wilt biocontrol in environmental water and in plants. To optimize their applications, the phages and the bacterium need to be accurately monitored and quantified, which is laborious and time-consuming with biological methods. In this work, primers and TaqMan probes were designed, and duplex and multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocols were developed and optimized for the simultaneous quantification of R. solanacearum and their phages. The quantification range was established from 108 to 10 PFU/mL for the phages and from 108 to 102 CFU/mL for R. solanacearum. Additionally, the multiplex qPCR protocol was validated for the detection and quantification of the phages with a limit ranging from 102 targets/mL in water and plant extracts to 103 targets/g in soil, and the target bacterium with a limit ranging from 103 targets/mL in water and plant extracts to 104 targets/g in soil, using direct methods of sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Bertolini
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Àngela Figàs-Segura
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena G. Biosca
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mehmood Khan F, Manohar P, Singh Gondil V, Mehra N, Kayode Oyejobi G, Odiwuor N, Ahmad T, Huang G. The applications of animal models in phage therapy: An update. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2175519. [PMID: 36935353 PMCID: PMC10072079 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2175519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance presents a dire situation necessitating the need for alternative therapeutic agents. Among the current alternative therapies, phage therapy (PT) is promising. This review extensively summarizes preclinical PT approaches in various in-vivo models. PT has been evaluated in several recent clinical trials. However, there are still several unanswered concerns due to a lack of appropriate regulation and pharmacokinetic data regarding the application of phages in human therapeutic procedures. In this review, we also presented the current state of PT and considered how animal models can be used to adapt these therapies for humans. The development of realistic solutions to circumvent these constraints is critical for advancing this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mehmood Khan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Prasanth Manohar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Vijay Singh Gondil
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nancy Mehra
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Microbiology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nelson Odiwuor
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Microbiology, Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangtao Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Development and Evaluation of Bacteriophage Cocktail to Eradicate Biofilms Formed by an Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020427. [PMID: 36851640 PMCID: PMC9965693 DOI: 10.3390/v15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive and multiple drug resistance in P. aeruginosa combined with the formation of biofilms is responsible for its high persistence in nosocomial infections. A sequential method to devise a suitable phage cocktail with a broad host range and high lytic efficiency against a biofilm forming XDR P. aeruginosa strain is presented here. Out of a total thirteen phages isolated against P. aeruginosa, five were selected on the basis of their high lytic spectra assessed using spot assay and productivity by efficiency of plating assay. Phages, after selection, were tested individually and in combinations of two-, three-, four-, and five-phage cocktails using liquid infection model. Out of total 22 combinations tested, the cocktail comprising four phages viz. φPA170, φPA172, φPA177, and φPA180 significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in liquid infection model (p < 0.0001). The minimal inhibitory dose of each phage in a cocktail was effectively reduced to >10 times than the individual dose in the inhibition of XDR P. aeruginosa host. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize phage cocktail mediated eradication of 4-day-old multi-layers of XDR P. aeruginosa biofilms from urinary catheters and glass cover slips, and was confirmed by absence of any viable cells. Differential bacterial inhibition was observed with different phage combinations where multiple phages were found to enhance the cocktail's lytic range, but the addition of too many phages reduced the overall inhibition. This study elaborates an effective and sequential method for the preparation of a phage cocktail and evaluates its antimicrobial potential against biofilm forming XDR strains of P. aeruginosa.
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9
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Wójcicki M, Świder O, Gientka I, Błażejak S, Średnicka P, Shymialevich D, Cieślak H, Wardaszka A, Emanowicz P, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Effectiveness of a Phage Cocktail as a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Saprophytic Bacteria in Ready-To-Eat Plant-Based Food. Viruses 2023; 15:172. [PMID: 36680211 PMCID: PMC9860863 DOI: 10.3390/v15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the phage cocktail to improve the microbiological quality of five different mixed-leaf salads: rucola, mixed-leaf salad with carrot, mixed-leaf salad with beetroot, washed and unwashed spinach, during storage in refrigerated conditions. Enterobacterales rods constituted a significant group of bacteria in the tested products. Selected bacteria were tested for antibiotic resistance profiles and then used to search for specific bacteriophages. Forty-three phages targeting bacteria dominant in mixed-leaf salads were isolated from sewage. Their titer was determined, and lytic activity was assessed using the Bioscreen C Pro automated growth analyzer. Two methods of phage cocktail application including spraying, and an absorption pad were effective for rucola, mixed leaf salad with carrot, and mixed leaf salad with beetroot. The maximum reduction level after 48 h of incubation reached 99.9% compared to the control sample. In washed and unwashed spinach, attempts to reduce the number of microorganisms did not bring the desired effect. The decrease in bacteria count in the lettuce mixes depended on the composition of the autochthonous saprophytic bacteria species. Both phage cocktail application methods effectively improved the microbiological quality of minimally processed products. Whole-spectral phage cocktail application may constitute an alternative food microbiological quality improvement method without affecting food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Emanowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Morgan T, de Rezende RR, Lima TTM, Souza FDO, Alfenas-Zerbini P. Genomic Analysis Unveils the Pervasiveness and Diversity of Prophages Infecting Erwinia Species. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010044. [PMID: 36678392 PMCID: PMC9866893 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophages are abundant elements integrated into bacterial genomes and contribute to inter-strain genetic variability and, in some cases, modulate the environmental behavior of bacteria, such as pathogen virulence. Here, we described prophage occurrence and diversity in publicly available Erwinia genome assemblies, a genus containing plant pathogens. Prophage-like sequences were identified and taxonomically classified. Sequence diversity was analyzed through intergenomic similarities. Furthermore, we searched for anti-phage defense systems in Erwinia spp., such as DISARM, BREX, and CRISPR-Cas systems, and identified the putative targets of CRISPR spacers. We identified 939 prophage-like sequences in 221 Erwinia spp. genome assemblies. Only 243 prophage-like sequences were classified, all belonging to the Caudoviricetes class. The set of putative Erwinia prophages was mostly unique since only three sequences showed more than 70% intergenomic similarities to known Erwinia phages. Overall, the number and type of CRISPR-Cas systems were conserved within Erwinia species, with many spacers directed to the putative prophages identified. This study increased the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Erwinia prophages, contributing to the characterization of genetic and ecological factors influencing Erwinia spp. environmental fitness.
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11
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Besarab NV, Letarov AV, Kulikov EE, Babenko VV, Belalov IS, Lagonenko AL, Golomidova AK, Evtushenkov AN. Two novel Erwinia amylovora bacteriophages, Loshitsa2 and Micant, isolated in Belarus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2633-2642. [PMID: 36207555 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomes of the new Erwinia amylovora bacteriophages Loshitsa2 and Micant are 43,092 bp and 43,028 bp long, respectively, encode 51 putative proteins, and have two tRNA genes. Comparative analysis with representatives of the class Caudoviricetes suggests that bacteriophages Loshitsa2 and Micant are related to LIMElight bacteriophage belonging to the family Autographiviridae and could be proposed to be members of a novel subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Besarab
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Andrey V Letarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene E Kulikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Babenko
- GENOMIC Research and Computational Biology Lab, FSCC of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya S Belalov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Lagonenko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alla K Golomidova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of microbiology, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7 bld. 2, 117312, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly N Evtushenkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
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12
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Kim SG, Lee SB, Jo SJ, Cho K, Park JK, Kwon J, Giri SS, Kim SW, Kang JW, Jung WJ, Lee YM, Roh E, Park SC. Phage Cocktail in Combination with Kasugamycin as a Potential Treatment for Fire Blight Caused by Erwinia amylovora. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1566. [PMID: 36358221 PMCID: PMC9686651 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing number of blight disease reports associated with Erwinia amylovora and Erwinia pyrifoliae in South Korea. Current management protocols that have been conducted with antibiotics have faced resistance problems and the outbreak has not decreased. Because of this concern, the present study aimed to provide an alternative method to control the invasive fire blight outbreak in the nation using bacteriophages (phages) in combination with an antibiotic agent (kasugamycin). Among 54 phage isolates, we selected five phages, pEa_SNUABM_27, 31, 32, 47, and 48, based on their bacteriolytic efficacy. Although only phage pEa_SNUABM_27 showed host specificity for E. amylovora, all five phages presented complementary lytic potential that improved the host infectivity coverage of each phage All the phages in the cocktail solution could lyse phage-resistant strains. These strains had a decreased tolerance to the antibiotic kasugamycin, and a synergistic effect of phages and antibiotics was demonstrated both in vitro and on immature wound-infected apples. It is noteworthy that the antibacterial effect of the phage cocktail or phage cocktail-sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of kasugamycin was significantly higher than the kasugamycin at the MIC. The selected phages were experimentally stable under environmental factors such as thermal or pH stress. Genomic analysis revealed these are novel Erwinia-infecting phages, and did not encode antibiotic-, virulence-, or lysogenic phage-related genes. In conclusion, we suggest the potential of the phage cocktail and kasugamycin combination as an effective strategy that would minimize the use of antibiotics, which are being excessively used in order to control fire blight pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kevin Cho
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung-Kum Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang-Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won-Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Se-Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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13
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Sharma A, Abrahamian P, Carvalho R, Choudhary M, Paret ML, Vallad GE, Jones JB. Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:259-282. [PMID: 35790244 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly changing bacterial populations. Increased scrutiny of the impact of pesticides on human and environmental health underscores the need for alternative solutions that are durable, sustainable, accessible to farmers, and environmentally friendly. In this review, we discuss the strengths and shortcomings of existing practices and dissect recent advances that may shape the future of bacterial disease management. We conclude that disease resistance through genome modification may be the most effective arsenal against bacterial diseases. Nonetheless, more research is necessary for developing novel bacterial disease management tactics to meet the food demand of a growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Peter Abrahamian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
- Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostic Laboratory, USDA-APHIS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Renato Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Mathews L Paret
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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14
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Park J, Kim B, Song S, Lee YW, Roh E. Isolation of Nine Bacteriophages Shown Effective against Erwinia amylovora in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:248-253. [PMID: 35678058 PMCID: PMC9343912 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.11.2021.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora is a devastating bacterial plant pathogen that infects Rosaceae including apple and pear and causes fire blight. Bacteriophages have been considered as a biological control agent for preventing bacterial infections of plants. In this study, nine bacteriophages (ΦFifi011, ΦFifi044, ΦFifi051, ΦFifi067, ΦFifi106, ΦFifi287, ΦFifi318, ΦFifi450, and ΦFifi451) were isolated from soil and water samples in seven orchards with fire blight in Korea. The genetic diversity of bacteriophage isolates was confirmed through restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern analysis. Host range of the nine phages was tested against 45 E. amylovora strains and 14 E. pyrifoliae strains and nine other bacterial strains. Among the nine phages, ΦFifi044 and ΦFifi451 infected and lysed E. amylovora only. And the remaining seven phages infected both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae. The results suggest that the isolated phages were different from each other and effective to control E. amylovora, providing a basis to develop biological agents and utilizing phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eunjung Roh
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-63-238-3284, FAX) +82-63-238-3838, E-mail)
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15
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Function and Application of the CRISPR-Cas System in the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0251321. [PMID: 35285707 PMCID: PMC9004355 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02513-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage-based biocontrol is an emerging method for managing the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Control of E. amylovora in North America is achieved chiefly through the application of streptomycin and has led to the development of streptomycin resistance. Resistant E. amylovora can be tracked through the analysis of CRISPR spacer sequences. An alternative to antibiotics are bacterial viruses, known as phages, which lyse their hosts during replication to control the bacterial population. Endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems act as phage resistance mechanisms however, preliminary genomic analysis suggests this activity is limited in E. amylovora. This leaves the functionality of the CRISPR-Cas system, any clade-based differences, and the impact which this system may have on phage-based biocontrol in question. In this study, the CRISPR arrays from 127 newly available genomic sequences of E. amylovora were analyzed through a novel bioinformatic pipeline. Through this, the Eastern and Western North American clades were shown to be incompatible with the current PCR-based approaches for tracking E. amylovora given the size and composition of their CRISPR arrays. Two artificial CRISPR arrays were designed to investigate the functionality of the CRISPR-Cas system in E. amylovora. This system was capable of curing a targeted plasmid and providing phage resistance but was not the source of phage resistance observed within the controls. This suggests that while the CRISPR-Cas system is an important defense mechanism for invasive plasmids, an as yet unidentified mechanism is the primary source of phage resistance in E. amylovora. IMPORTANCE Erwinia amylovora is an economically significant agricultural pathogen found throughout the world. In North America, E. amylovora has developed streptomycin resistance and therefore alternative treatments using phages have received increased attention. In this study, we analyzed recently published genomes to determine that two significant groups of E. amylovora are poorly identified using the current, CRISPR-based tracking methods. We also showed that the CRISPR-Cas system and an unidentified mechanism work together to provide a significant degree of resistance against one of the phages proposed for phage-based biocontrol.
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16
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Lin J, Du F, Long M, Li P. Limitations of Phage Therapy and Corresponding Optimization Strategies: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061857. [PMID: 35335222 PMCID: PMC8951143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases cause serious harm to human health. At present, antibiotics are the main drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases, but the abuse of antibiotics has led to the rapid increase in drug-resistant bacteria and to the inability to effectively control infections. Bacteriophages are a kind of virus that infects bacteria and archaea, adopting bacteria as their hosts. The use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial diseases is an alternative to antibiotics. At present, phage therapy (PT) has been used in various fields and has provided a new technology for addressing diseases caused by bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. PT uses bacteriophages to infect pathogenic bacteria so to stop bacterial infections and treat and prevent related diseases. However, PT has several limitations, due to a narrow host range, the lysogenic phenomenon, the lack of relevant policies, and the lack of pharmacokinetic data. The development of reasonable strategies to overcome these limitations is essential for the further development of this technology. This review article described the current applications and limitations of PT and summarizes the existing solutions for these limitations. This information will be useful for clinicians, people working in agriculture and industry, and basic researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Lin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.L.); (F.D.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fangyuan Du
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.L.); (F.D.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.L.); (F.D.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.L.); (F.D.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Campylobacter Bacteriophage Cocktail Design Based on an Advanced Selection Scheme. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020228. [PMID: 35203830 PMCID: PMC8868561 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide-occurring disease and has been the most commonly reported zoonotic gastrointestinal infection in the European Union in recent years. The development of successful phage-based intervention strategies will require a better understanding of phage–bacteria interactions to facilitate advances in phage cocktail design. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of newly isolated group II and group III phages and their combinations on current Campylobacter field strains. A continuous workflow for host range and efficiency of plating (EOP) value determination was combined with a qPCR-based phage group identification and a liquid-based planktonic killing assay (PKA). An advanced analysis scheme allowed us to evaluate phage cocktails by their efficacy in inhibiting bacterial population growth and the resulting phage concentrations. The results of this study indicate that data obtained from PKAs are more accurate than host range data based on plaque formation (EOP). Planktonic killing assays with Campylobacter appear to be a useful tool for a straightforward cocktail design. Results show that a group II phage vB_CcM-LmqsCP218-2c2 and group III phage vB_CjM-LmqsCP1-1 mixture would be most promising for practical applications against Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni.
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18
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Sørensen PE, Ng DYK, Duchateau L, Ingmer H, Garmyn A, Butaye P. Classification of In Vitro Phage-Host Population Growth Dynamics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2470. [PMID: 34946072 PMCID: PMC8708399 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of bacteriophages (phage therapy) represents a promising alternative to antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens. However, the understanding of the phage-bacterium interactions and population dynamics seems essential for successful phage therapy implementation. Here, we investigated the effect of three factors: phage species (18 lytic E. coli-infecting phages); bacterial strain (10 APEC strains); and multiplicity of infection (MOI) (MOI 10, 1, and 0.1) on the bacterial growth dynamics. All factors had a significant effect, but the phage appeared to be the most important. The results showed seven distinct growth patterns. The first pattern corresponded to the normal bacterial growth pattern in the absence of a phage. The second pattern was complete bacterial killing. The remaining patterns were in-between, characterised by delayed growth and/or variable killing of the bacterial cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the phage-host dynamics is an important factor in the capacity of a phage to eliminate bacteria. The classified patterns show that this is an essential factor to consider when developing a phage therapy. This methodology can be used to rapidly screen for novel phage candidates for phage therapy. Accordingly, the most promising candidates were phages found in Group 2, characterised by growth dynamics with high bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. Sørensen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.G.); (P.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 42123, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Duncan Y. K. Ng
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Center, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - An Garmyn
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.G.); (P.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 42123, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Hassan AY, Lin JT, Ricker N, Anany H. The Age of Phage: Friend or Foe in the New Dawn of Therapeutic and Biocontrol Applications? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:199. [PMID: 33670836 PMCID: PMC7997343 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended overuse and misuse of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents has resulted in an antimicrobial resistance crisis. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have emerged as a legitimate alternative antibacterial agent with a wide scope of applications which continue to be discovered and refined. However, the potential of some bacteriophages to aid in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of negatively associated bacterial genes, including resistance and virulence genes, through transduction is of concern and requires deeper understanding in order to be properly addressed. In particular, their ability to interact with mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) enables bacteriophages to contribute greatly to bacterial evolution. Nonetheless, bacteriophages have the potential to be used as therapeutic and biocontrol agents within medical, agricultural, and food processing settings, against bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm environments. Additionally, bacteriophages have been deployed in developing rapid, sensitive, and specific biosensors for various bacterial targets. Intriguingly, their bioengineering capabilities show great promise in improving their adaptability and effectiveness as biocontrol and detection tools. This review aims to provide a balanced perspective on bacteriophages by outlining advantages, challenges, and future steps needed in order to boost their therapeutic and biocontrol potential, while also providing insight on their potential role in contributing to bacterial evolution and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Janet T. Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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