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Xu C, Han D, Song X, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang J, Shen B, Li Z, Ma R, Li Y, Xin Y, Ji W, Zhang L, Wang X, Hu C, Li X. The possibly role of GnIH in stress and gut dysfunction in chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103757. [PMID: 38697006 PMCID: PMC11070904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to disrupt the intestinal barrier and induce intestinal dysfunction. A critical role for gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in stress has emerged. However, whether GnIH mediates stress-induced intestinal dysfunction remains unknown. The present study explored this question through in vivo and in vitro experiments in hens. Our in vivo experiments showed that continuous intraperitoneal injection of GnIH not only significantly increased the concentration of stress hormones in serum, but also significantly elevated the mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the duodenum and jejunum. Moreover, morphological and molecular analyses revealed that GnIH disrupted the physical and chemical barriers of the intestine and dramatically increased inflammatory factor levels in the intestine and serum of hens. Interestingly, the microbiomics results showed that GnIH altered the structure and composition of the gut flora in the cecum, revealing an increased abundance of harmful intestinal bacteria such as Desulfovibrionaceae. Similar results were found in in vitro studies in which the GnIH-induced intestinal mucosal barrier was disrupted, and inflammation increased in jejunal explants, although no significant difference was found in the expression of GR between the control and GnIH groups. Our results demonstrated that GnIH not only directly damaged intestinal barriers and elevated intestinal inflammation but also mediated stress and microflora imbalance-induced intestinal function disorder, suggesting that GnIH is a potential therapeutic target for gut dysfunction, stress-induced intestinal function disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Dongyang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xingxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Bingqian Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Zixin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Runwen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Yinan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Wantong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Lingyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China.
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Huang T, Han J, Liu Y, Fei M, Du X, He K, Zhao A. Dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in posthatching chicks and its relationship with average daily gain. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103008. [PMID: 37598556 PMCID: PMC10462888 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonization and development of gut microbiota are essential for the health and growth of chicks after hatching. However, the colonization and prevalence of gut microbiota have not been well characterized, and knowledge of which microbes and their relationship with average daily gain in chicks is still limited. This study characterized the dynamic succession of microbiota in the intestinal tract of chicks and investigated its relationship with daily weight gain. A total of 121 fecal samples across 7 time points from d 0 to 10 posthatching were collected from 19 chicks randomly selected from 1,950 chicks. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing examined microbial composition of fecal samples. The observed species index of alpha diversity increased with age, gradually achieving stability at 3 d of age. The microbiota of chicks after hatching was primarily Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (34.49%), and its relative abundance diminishes with age. In contrast, Lactobacillus had a low relative abundance in the first 2 d after hatching and gradually increased with age. Predicted functional capacities found that the microbiota of early-stage posthatching (d 0 and 1 after hatching) was involved in metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and nitrogen metabolism. However, at the later stage posthatching (from d 3-10 after hatching), the intestinal microbial function was involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cell growth and death, and methane metabolism. It was identified that 47 operational taxonomic units were associated with average daily gain of chicks, 12 of which were annotated with Lactobacillus and significantly positive associated with average daily gain. In addition, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was significantly negatively associated with average daily gain. Taken together, we characterized the dynamic successions of intestinal microbiota in hatching chicks. The intestinal microbiota of chicks has an impact on the host average daily gain. Our findings should be instrumental in improving local chick production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Meina Fei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ke He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Wang C, Qu W, Chen Q, Huang WY, Kang Y, Shen J. Primary nephrotic syndrome relapse within 1 year after glucocorticoid therapy in children is associated with gut microbiota composition at syndrome onset. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:1969-1980. [PMID: 36815457 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) who relapse after glucocorticoid therapy are shown to have a decreased total proportion of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut at onset. Glucocorticoid treatment changes the gut microbiota composition. It is unclear whether gut microbiota at remission right after therapy and gut bacteria other than butyrate-producing bacteria are associated with PNS relapse. METHODS PNS relapse of paediatric patients within 1 year after glucocorticoid therapy was recorded. The gut microbiota composition, profiled with 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing, was compared between relapsing and non-relapsing PNS children at onset before glucocorticoid treatment (preT group) and in PNS children at remission right after treatment (postT group), respectively. RESULTS The gut microbiota composition of postT children significantly differed from that of preT children by having lower levels of Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Flavonifractor, Ruminococcaceae UBA1819, Oscillibacter, Hungatella and Coprobacillus and higher levels of Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 group. In the preT group, compared with non-relapsing patients, relapsing patients showed decreased Blautia, Dialister and total proportion of butyrate-producing bacteria and increased Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus and Ruminococcaceae UBA1819. However, relapsing and non-relapsing postT children showed no difference in gut microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS PNS relapse-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis at onset, which includes alterations of both butyrate-producing and non-butyrate-producing bacteria, disappeared right after glucocorticoid therapy. It is necessary to study the association of the longitudinal changes in the complete profiles of gut microbiota after glucocorticoid treatment with later PNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Zmrhal V, Svoradova A, Venusova E, Slama P. The Influence of Heat Stress on Chicken Immune System and Mitigation of Negative Impacts by Baicalin and Baicalein. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2564. [PMID: 37627355 PMCID: PMC10451628 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in poultry husbandry is an important stressor and with increasing global temperatures its importance will increase. The negative effects of stress on the quality and quantity of poultry production are described in a range of research studies. However, a lack of attention is devoted to the impacts of HS on individual chicken immune cells and whole lymphoid tissue in birds. Oxidative stress and increased inflammation are accompanying processes of HS, but with deleterious effects on the whole organism. They play a key role in the inflammation and oxidative stress of the chicken immune system. There are a range of strategies that can help mitigate the adverse effects of HS in poultry. Phytochemicals are well studied and some of them report promising results to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation, a major consequence of HS. Current studies revealed that mitigating these two main impacts of HS will be a key factor in solving the problem of increasing temperatures in poultry production. Improved function of the chicken immune system is another benefit of using phytochemicals in poultry due to the importance of poultry health management in today's post pandemic world. Based on the current literature, baicalin and baicalein have proven to have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in mammalian and avian models. Taken together, this review is dedicated to collecting the literature about the known effects of HS on chicken immune cells and lymphoid tissue. The second part of the review is dedicated to the potential use of baicalin and baicalein in poultry to mitigate the negative impacts of HS on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zmrhal
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (A.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Andrea Svoradova
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (A.S.); (E.V.)
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia
| | - Eva Venusova
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (A.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (A.S.); (E.V.)
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Salberg S, Macowan M, Yamakawa GR, Beveridge JK, Noel M, Marsland BJ, Mychasiuk R. Gut instinct: Sex differences in the gut microbiome are associated with changes in adolescent nociception following maternal separation in rats. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:219-233. [PMID: 37488954 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent chronic pain is a growing public health epidemic. Our understanding of its etiology is limited; however, several factors can increase susceptibility, often developing in response to an acute pain trigger such as a surgical procedure or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or an adverse childhood experience (ACE). Additionally, the prevalence and manifestation of chronic pain is sexually dimorphic, with double the rates in females than males. Despite this, the majority of pre-clinical pain research focuses on males, leaving a gap in mechanistic understanding for females. Given that emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiome and the brain-gut-immune axis to various pain disorders, we aimed to investigate sex-dependent changes in taxonomic and functional gut microbiome features following an ACE and acute injury as chronic pain triggers. Male and female Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned to either a maternal separation (MS) or no stress paradigm, then further into a sham, mTBI, or surgery condition. Chronically, the von Frey test was used to measure mechanical nociception, and fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals in the surgery group had an increase in pain sensitivity when compared to mTBI and sham groups, and this was complemented by changes to the gut microbiome. In addition, significant sex differences were identified in gut microbiome composition, which were exacerbated in response to MS. Overall, we provide preliminary evidence for sex differences and ACE-induced changes in bacterial composition that, when combined, may be contributing to heterogeneity in pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Macowan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaimie K Beveridge
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ma B, Wang D, Mei X, Lei C, Li C, Wang H. Effect of Enrofloxacin on the Microbiome, Metabolome, and Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Chicken Cecum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0479522. [PMID: 36840593 PMCID: PMC10100749 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04795-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of Salmonella infections in livestock and poultry. However, the effects of different concentrations of enrofloxacin on the bacterial and metabolite compositions of the chicken gut and changes in the abundance of resistance genes in cecum contents remain unclear. To investigate the effects of enrofloxacin on chickens, we orally administered different concentrations of enrofloxacin to 1-day-old chickens and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess changes in the gut microbiomes of chickens after treatment. The abundance of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance genes was measured using quantitative PCR. Metabolomics techniques were used to examine the cecal metabolite composition. We found that different concentrations of enrofloxacin had different effects on cecum microorganisms, with the greatest effect on cecum microbial diversity in the low-concentration enrofloxacin group at day 7. Enrofloxacin use reduced the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillaceae and Oscillospira. Furthermore, cecum microbial diversity was gradually restored as the chickens grew. In addition, enrofloxacin increased the abundance of resistance genes, and there were differences in the changes in abundance among different antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, enrofloxacin significantly affected linoleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and signaling pathways. This study helps improve our understanding of how antibiotics affect host physiological activities and provides new insights into the rational use of drugs in poultry farming. The probiotics and metabolites that we identified could be used to modulate the negative effects of antibiotics on the host, which requires further study. IMPORTANCE In this study, we investigated changes in the cecum flora, metabolites, and abundances of fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance genes in chickens following the use of different concentrations of enrofloxacin. These results were used to determine the effects of enrofloxacin on chick physiology and the important flora and metabolites that might contribute to these effects. In addition, these results could help in assessing the effect of enrofloxacin concentrations on host metabolism. Our findings could help guide the rational use of antibiotics and mitigate the negative effects of antibiotics on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - De Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueran Mei
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changwei Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Jadhav VV, Han J, Fasina Y, Harrison SH. Connecting gut microbiomes and short chain fatty acids with the serotonergic system and behavior in Gallus gallus and other avian species. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1035538. [PMID: 36406988 PMCID: PMC9667555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1035538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken gastrointestinal tract has a diverse microbial community. There is increasing evidence for how this gut microbiome affects specific molecular pathways and the overall physiology, nervous system and behavior of the chicken host organism due to a growing number of studies investigating conditions such as host diet, antibiotics, probiotics, and germ-free and germ-reduced models. Systems-level investigations have revealed a network of microbiome-related interactions between the gut and state of health and behavior in chickens and other animals. While some microbial symbionts are crucial for maintaining stability and normal host physiology, there can also be dysbiosis, disruptions to nutrient flow, and other outcomes of dysregulation and disease. Likewise, alteration of the gut microbiome is found for chickens exhibiting differences in feather pecking (FP) behavior and this alteration is suspected to be responsible for behavioral change. In chickens and other organisms, serotonin is a chief neuromodulator that links gut microbes to the host brain as microbes modulate the serotonin secreted by the host's own intestinal enterochromaffin cells which can stimulate the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. A substantial part of the serotonergic network is conserved across birds and mammals. Broader investigations of multiple species and subsequent cross-comparisons may help to explore general functionality of this ancient system and its increasingly apparent central role in the gut-brain axis of vertebrates. Dysfunctional behavioral phenotypes from the serotonergic system moreover occur in both birds and mammals with, for example, FP in chickens and depression in humans. Recent studies of the intestine as a major site of serotonin synthesis have been identifying routes by which gut microbial metabolites regulate the chicken serotonergic system. This review in particular highlights the influence of gut microbial metabolite short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the serotonergic system. The role of SCFAs in physiological and brain disorders may be considerable because of their ability to cross intestinal as well as the blood-brain barriers, leading to influences on the serotonergic system via binding to receptors and epigenetic modulations. Examinations of these mechanisms may translate into a more general understanding of serotonergic system development within chickens and other avians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya V. Jadhav
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Yewande Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Yewande Fasina, ; Scott H. Harrison,
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Yewande Fasina, ; Scott H. Harrison,
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Zaytsoff SJM, Montina T, Boras VF, Brassard J, Moote PE, Uwiera RRE, Inglis GD. Microbiota Transplantation in Day-Old Broiler Chickens Ameliorates Necrotic Enteritis via Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota and Host Immune Responses. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090972. [PMID: 36145404 PMCID: PMC9503007 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A microbiota transplant (MT) originating from mature adult chicken ceca and propagated in bioreactors was administered to day-old broiler chicks to ascertain the degree to which, and how, the MT affects Clostridium perfringens (Cp)-incited necrotic enteritis (NE). Using a stress predisposition model of NE, birds administered the MT and challenged with Cp showed fewer necrotic lesions, and exhibited a substantially higher α- and β-diversity of bacteria in their jejunum and ceca. Birds challenged with Cp and not administered the MT showed decreased Lactobacillus and increased Clostridium sensu strico 1 in the jejunum. In ceca, Megamonas, a genus containing butyrate-producing bacteria, was only present in birds administered the MT, and densities of this genus were increased in birds challenged with Cp. Metabolite profiles in cecal digesta were altered in birds administered the MT and challenged with the pathogen; 59 metabolites were differentially abundant following MT treatment, and the relative levels of short chain fatty acids, butyrate, valerate, and propionate, were decreased in birds with NE. Birds administered the MT and challenged with Cp showed evidence of enhanced restoration of intestinal barrier functions, including elevated mRNA of MUC2B, MUC13, and TJP1. Likewise, birds administered the MT exhibited higher mRNA of IL2, IL17A, and IL22 at 2-days post-inoculation with Cp, indicating that these birds were better immunologically equipped to respond to pathogen challenge. Collectively, study findings demonstrated that administering a MT containing a diverse mixture of microorganisms to day-old birds ameliorated NE in broilers by increasing bacterial diversity and promoting positive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. M. Zaytsoff
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Valerie F. Boras
- Chinook Regional Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Lethbridge, AB T1J 1W5, Canada
| | - Julie Brassard
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Paul E. Moote
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Richard R. E. Uwiera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - G. Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Zaytsoff SJM, Boras VF, Uwiera RRE, Inglis GD. A stress-induced model of acute necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens using dietary corticosterone administration. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101726. [PMID: 35202894 PMCID: PMC8866091 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that stress can predispose chickens to disease. The objective of the current study was to develop a method that utilized physiological stress to predispose Ross 308 broiler chickens to acute necrotic enteritis (NE). Stress was mediated through the administration of the stress hormone, corticosterone. At 11 d posthatch (p.h.), corticosterone (20 mg kg−1) administration commenced. At 12 and 13 d p.h., birds were orally inoculated with a virulent strain of Clostridium perfringens, and at 14 d p.h., birds were euthanized. Birds administered corticosterone exhibited decreased weight gain, and birds co-challenged with C. perfringens and corticosterone were affected to a higher degree. Necrotic lesions were present in birds inoculated with C. perfringens (33%), but a substantially higher prevalence of birds treated with C. perfringens and corticosterone in combination exhibited lesions (100%). Clostridium perfringens densities were correlated with necrotic lesion and histopathologic scores. Both C. perfringens and corticosterone challenge altered mRNA immune responses in the small intestine. In this regard, birds infected with the pathogen showed higher relative mRNA concentrations of toll-like receptor 2A (TLR2A), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS). Birds co-challenged with C. perfringens and corticosterone showed hindered TLR2A mRNA expression. A reduction in TLR2A responses mediated by corticosterone administration suggests that the glucocorticoid suppresses immune stimulation in jejunal mucosa, which may be the underlying cause for the increased prevalence and intensity of disease observed in corticosterone treated birds. Overall, the corticosterone stress model resulted in levels of NE comparable to other models of NE that currently exist without the use of a co-infection agent. This model may facilitate the exploration of mechanisms of stress-induced NE, and the development of effective alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J M Zaytsoff
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valerie F Boras
- Chinook Regional Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Richard R E Uwiera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Tsai MS, Newman C, Macdonald DW, Buesching CD. Stress-Related Herpesvirus Reactivation in Badgers Can Result in Clostridium Proliferation. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:440-450. [PMID: 34870778 PMCID: PMC8742816 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen and a member of the commensal gut microbiome of many mammals. Predisposing factors such as coinfection with other pathogens or diet change can, however, cause overgrowth and subsequent disease development. Here we investigated the occurrence of C. perfringens in a free-ranging badger population with up to 100% prevalence of herpesvirus infection. Herpesvirus reactivation is known to be associated with increased susceptibility bacterial infections. PCR screening of rectal swabs from 69 free-ranging badgers revealed 15.9% (11/69, 95% CI = 9.1-26.3%) prevalence of detectable C. perfringens (Type A) DNA in the digestive tracts of assymptomatic animals. The results of Fisher's exact test revealed C. perfringens detection was not biased by age, sex and seasons. However, badgers with genital tract gammaherpesvirus (MusGHV-1) reactivation (p = 0.007) and infection with a specific MusGHV-1 genotype (p = 0.019) were more prone to of C. perfringens proliferation, indicating coinfection biased dynamics of intestinal C. perfringens. An inclusion pattern analysis further indicated that, causally, MusGHV-1 reactivation potentiated C. perfringens detection. Whether or not specific MusGHV-1 genotype infection or reactivation plays a role in C. perfringens overgrowth or disease development in badgers will require further investigation. Nevertheless, a postmortem examination of a single badger that died of fatal disease, likely associated with C. perfringens, revealed MusGHV-1 detection in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shan Tsai
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QL, UK.
| | - Chris Newman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QL, UK
- Cook's Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc (Ecological Consultancy), Queens County, NS, Canada
| | - David W Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QL, UK
| | - Christina D Buesching
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QL, UK
- Cook's Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc (Ecological Consultancy), Queens County, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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11
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Cao C, Chowdhury VS, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis During Heat Stress in Chickens: A Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752265. [PMID: 34744792 PMCID: PMC8563997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a global issue for the poultry industries with substantial annual economic losses and threats to bird health and welfare. When chickens are exposed to high ambient temperatures, like other species they undergo multiple physiological alterations, including behavioral changes, such as cessation of feeding, initiation of a stress signaling cascade, and intestinal immune, and inflammatory responses. The brain and gut are connected and participate in bidirectional communication via the nervous and humoral systems, this network collectively known as the gut-brain axis. Moreover, heat stress not only induces hyperthermia and oxidative stress at the gut epithelium, leading to impaired permeability and then susceptibility to infection and inflammation, but also alters the composition and abundance of the microbiome. The gut microflora, primarily via bacterially derived metabolites and hormones and neurotransmitters, also communicate via similar pathways to regulate host metabolic homeostasis, health, and behavior. Thus, it stands to reason that reshaping the composition of the gut microbiota will impact intestinal health and modulate host brain circuits via multiple reinforcing and complementary mechanisms. In this review, we describe the structure and function of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, with an emphasis on physiological changes that occur in heat-stressed poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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12
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Xiang H, Gan J, Zeng D, Li J, Yu H, Zhao H, Yang Y, Tan S, Li G, Luo C, Xie Z, Zhao G, Li H. Specific Microbial Taxa and Functional Capacity Contribute to Chicken Abdominal Fat Deposition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643025. [PMID: 33815329 PMCID: PMC8010200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically selected chickens with better growth and early maturation show an incidental increase in abdominal fat deposition (AFD). Accumulating evidence reveals a strong association between gut microbiota and adiposity. However, studies focusing on the role of gut microbiota in chicken obesity in conventional breeds are limited. Therefore, 400 random broilers with different levels of AFD were used to investigate the gut microbial taxa related to AFD by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 76 representative samples, and to identify the specific microbial taxa contributing to fat-related metabolism using shotgun metagenomic analyses of eight high and low AFD chickens. The results demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota decrease as the accumulation of chicken abdominal fat increases. The decrease of Bacteroidetes and the increase of Firmicutes were correlated with the accumulation of chicken AFD. The Bacteroidetes phylum, including the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and the species, B. salanitronis, B. fragilis, and P. distasonis, were correlated to alleviate obesity by producing secondary metabolites. Several genera of Firmicutes phylum with circulating lipoprotein lipase activity were linked to the accumulation of chicken body fat. Moreover, the genera, Olsenella and Slackia, might positively contribute to fat and energy metabolism, whereas the genus, Methanobrevibacter, was possible to enhance energy capture, and associated to accumulate chicken AFD. These findings provide insights into the roles of the gut microbiota in complex traits and contribute to the development of effective therapies for the reduction of chicken fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiankang Gan
- Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China
| | - Daoshu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shuwen Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Gen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chaowei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
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