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Marangoni LFB, Davies T, Smyth T, Rodríguez A, Hamann M, Duarte C, Pendoley K, Berge J, Maggi E, Levy O. Impacts of artificial light at night in marine ecosystems-A review. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5346-5367. [PMID: 35583661 PMCID: PMC9540822 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The globally widespread adoption of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) began in the mid-20th century. Yet, it is only in the last decade that a renewed research focus has emerged into its impacts on ecological and biological processes in the marine environment that are guided by natural intensities, moon phase, natural light and dark cycles and daily light spectra alterations. The field has diversified rapidly from one restricted to impacts on a handful of vertebrates, to one in which impacts have been quantified across a broad array of marine and coastal habitats and species. Here, we review the current understanding of ALAN impacts in diverse marine ecosystems. The review presents the current state of knowledge across key marine and coastal ecosystems (sandy and rocky shores, coral reefs and pelagic) and taxa (birds and sea turtles), introducing how ALAN can mask seabird and sea turtle navigation, cause changes in animals predation patterns and failure of coral spawning synchronization, as well as inhibition of zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration. Mitigation measures are recommended, however, while strategies for mitigation were easily identified, barriers to implementation are poorly understood. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps that if addressed would aid in the prediction and mitigation of ALAN impacts in the marine realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. B. Marangoni
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteSmithsonian InstitutionCiudad de PanamáPanamá
| | - Thomas Davies
- School of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthDevonUK
| | - Tim Smyth
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect PlacePlymouthDevonUK
| | - Airam Rodríguez
- Grupo de Ornitología e Historia Natural de las islas Canarias, GOHNICBuenavista del NorteCanary IslandsSpain
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Department of EcologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Mark Hamann
- College of Science and Engineering, Marine BiologyJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
| | | | - Jørgen Berge
- Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and EconomicsUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- University Centre in SvalbardLongyearbyenNorway
- Department of Biology and Technology, Centre of Autonomous Marine Operations and SystemsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Elena Maggi
- Dip. di Biologia, CoNISMaUniversità di PisaPisaItaly
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, The H. Steinitz Marine Biology LaboratoryEilatIsrael
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Rosenberg Y, Simon‐Blecher N, Lalzar M, Yam R, Shemesh A, Alon S, Perna G, Cárdenas A, Voolstra CR, Miller DJ, Levy O. Urbanization comprehensively impairs biological rhythms in coral holobionts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3349-3364. [PMID: 35218086 PMCID: PMC9311646 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are in global decline due to climate change and anthropogenic influences (Hughes et al., Conservation Biology, 27: 261-269, 2013). Near coastal cities or other densely populated areas, coral reefs face a range of additional challenges. While considerable progress has been made in understanding coral responses to acute individual stressors (Dominoni et al., Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4: 502-511, 2020), the impacts of chronic exposure to varying combinations of sensory pollutants are largely unknown. To investigate the impacts of urban proximity on corals, we conducted a year-long in-natura study-incorporating sampling at diel, monthly, and seasonal time points-in which we compared corals from an urban area to corals from a proximal non-urban area. Here we reveal that despite appearing relatively healthy, natural biorhythms and environmental sensory systems were extensively disturbed in corals from the urban environment. Transcriptomic data indicated poor symbiont performance, disturbance to gametogenic cycles, and loss or shifted seasonality of vital biological processes. Altered seasonality patterns were also observed in the microbiomes of the urban coral population, signifying the impact of urbanization on the holobiont, rather than the coral host alone. These results should raise alarm regarding the largely unknown long-term impacts of sensory pollution on the resilience and survival of coral reefs close to coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeli Rosenberg
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Noa Simon‐Blecher
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Maya Lalzar
- Bioinformatics Service UnitUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Ruth Yam
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Aldo Shemesh
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Shahar Alon
- Faculty of EngineeringBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Gabriela Perna
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Anny Cárdenas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | - David J. Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Pharmacy and Molecular SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- The H. Steinitz Marine Biology LaboratoryThe Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of EilatEilatIsrael
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Ayalon I, Benichou JIC, Avisar D, Levy O. The Endosymbiotic Coral Algae Symbiodiniaceae Are Sensitive to a Sensory Pollutant: Artificial Light at Night, ALAN. Front Physiol 2021; 12:695083. [PMID: 34234696 PMCID: PMC8256845 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.695083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Light at Night, ALAN, is a major emerging issue in biodiversity conservation, which can negatively impact both terrestrial and marine environments. Therefore, it should be taken into serious consideration in strategic planning for urban development. While the lion's share of research has dealt with terrestrial organisms, only a handful of studies have focused on the marine milieu. To determine if ALAN impacts the coral reef symbiotic algae, that are fundamental for sustainable coral reefs, we conducted a short experiment over a period of one-month by illuminating isolated Symbiodiniaceae cell cultures from the genera Cladocopium (formerly Clade C) and Durusdinium (formerly Clade D) with LED light. Cell cultures were exposed nightly to ALAN levels of 0.15 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 (∼4-5 lux) with three light spectra: blue, yellow and white. Our findings showed that even in very low levels of light at night, the photo-physiology of the algae's Electron Transport Rate (ETR), Non-Photochemical Quenching, (NPQ), total chlorophyll, and meiotic index presented significantly lower values under ALAN, primarily, but not exclusively, in Cladocopium cell cultures. The findings also showed that diverse Symbiodiniaceae types have different photo-physiology and photosynthesis performances under ALAN. We believe that our results sound an alarm for the probable detrimental effects of an increasing sensory pollutant, ALAN, on the eco-physiology of symbiotic corals. The results of this study point to the potential effects of ALAN on other organisms in marine ecosystem such as fish, zooplankton, and phytoplankton in which their biorhythms is entrained by natural light and dark cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Ayalon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Israel The H. Steinitz Marine Biology Laboratory, The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, Eilat, Israel.,Faculty of Exact Sciences, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jennifer I C Benichou
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Avisar
- Faculty of Exact Sciences, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Israel The H. Steinitz Marine Biology Laboratory, The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, Eilat, Israel
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Kullapanich C, Jandang S, Palasuk M, Viyakarn V, Chavanich S, Somboonna N. First dynamics of bacterial community during development of Acropora humilis larvae in aquaculture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11762. [PMID: 34083731 PMCID: PMC8175334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A symbiosis of bacterial community (sometimes called microbiota) play essential roles in developmental life cycle and health of coral, starting since a larva. For examples, coral bacterial holobionts function nitrogen fixation, carbon supply, sulfur cycling and antibiotic production. Yet, a study of the dynamic of bacteria associated coral larvae development is complicated owning to a vast diversity and culturable difficulty of bacteria; hence this type of study remains unexplored for Acropora humilis larvae in Thai sea. This study represented the first to utilize 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the timely bacterial compositions during successfully cultured and reared A. humilis larval transformation in aquaculture (gametes were collected from Sattahip Bay, Chonburi province, Thailand), from gamete spawning (0 h) and fertilization stage (1 h), to embryonic cleavage (8 h), round cell development (28, 39 and 41 h), and planula formation (48 h). The sequencing results as estimated by Good’s coverage at genus level covered 99.65 ± 0.24% of total bacteria. While core phyla of bacteria were observed (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes), changes in bacterial population structures and differential predominant core bacterial orders were denoted for each larval developmental stage, from fertilization to embryonic cleavage and subsequently from the embryonic cleavage to round cell development (P = 0.007). For instances, Pseudoalteromonas and Oceanospirillales were found prevalent at 8 h, and Rhizobiales were at 48 h. The bacterial population structures from the round cell stage, particularly at 41 h, showed gradual drift towards those of the planula formation stage, suggesting microbial selection. Overall, this study provides preliminary insights into the dynamics of bacterial community and their potentially functional association (estimated from the bacterial compositions) during the developmental embryonic A. humilis in a cultivation system in Southeast Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrasak Kullapanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suppakarn Jandang
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Matanee Palasuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Voranop Viyakarn
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Robinson JM, Cameron R, Parker B. The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound and Artificial Light Exposure on Microbiomes: Ecological and Public Health Implications. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.662588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, anthropogenic sound and artificial light pollution have increased to alarming levels. Evidence suggests that these can disrupt critical processes that impact ecosystems and human health. However, limited focus has been given to the potential effects of sound and artificial light pollution on microbiomes. Microbial communities are the foundations of our ecosystems. They are essential for human health and provide myriad ecosystem services. Therefore, disruption to microbiomes by anthropogenic sound and artificial light could have important ecological and human health implications. In this mini-review, we provide a critical appraisal of available scientific literature on the effects of anthropogenic sound and light exposure on microorganisms and discuss the potential ecological and human health implications. Our mini-review shows that a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of anthropogenic sound and light pollution on microbiomes. However, based on these studies, it is evident that anthropogenic sound and light pollution have the potential to significantly influence ecosystems and human health via microbial interactions. Many of the studies suffered from modest sample sizes, suboptimal experiments designs, and some of the bioinformatics approaches used are now outdated. These factors should be improved in future studies. This is an emerging and severely underexplored area of research that could have important implications for global ecosystems and public health. Finally, we also propose the photo-sonic restoration hypothesis: does restoring natural levels of light and sound help to restore microbiomes and ecosystem stability?
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