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Wu X, Guo H, Gao H, Li Y, Hu X, Kowalke MA, Li YX, Wei Y, Zhao J, Auger J, Binstadt BA, Pang HB. Peptide targeting improves the delivery and therapeutic index of glucocorticoids to treat rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release 2024; 368:329-343. [PMID: 38431094 PMCID: PMC11001515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by excessive inflammation in the joints. Glucocorticoid drugs are used clinically to manage RA symptoms, while their dosage and duration need to be tightly controlled due to severe adverse effects. Using dexamethasone (DEX) as a model drug, we explored here whether peptide-guided delivery could increase the safety and therapeutic index of glucocorticoids for RA treatment. Using multiple murine RA models such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), we found that CRV, a macrophage-targeting peptide, can selectively home to the inflammatory synovium of RA joints upon intravenous injection. The expression of the CRV receptor, retinoid X receptor beta (RXRB), was also elevated in the inflammatory synovium, likely being the basis of CRV targeting. CRV-conjugated DEX increased the accumulation of DEX in the inflamed synovium but not in healthy organs of CIA mice. Therefore, CRV-DEX demonstrated a stronger efficacy to suppress synovial inflammation and alleviate cartilage/bone destruction. Meanwhile, CRV conjugation reduced immune-related adverse effects of DEX even after a long-term use. Last, we found that RXRB expression was significantly elevated in human patient samples, demonstrating the potential of clinical translation. Taken together, we provide a novel, peptide-targeted strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiangxiang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mitchell A Kowalke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yue-Xuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yushuang Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Auger
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hong-Bo Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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2
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Bao J, Tang Y, Chen Y, Jin J, Wang X, An G, Cao L, Zhang H, Cheng G, Pan G, Zhou Z. E. hellem Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PP1 targets the DC MAPK pathway and impairs immune functions. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302375. [PMID: 38199846 PMCID: PMC10781585 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are difficult to be completely eliminated once infected, and the persistence disrupts host cell functions. Here in this study, we aimed to elucidate the impairing effects and consequences of microsporidia on host DCs. Enterocytozoon hellem, one of the most commonly diagnosed zoonotic microsporidia species, was applied. In vivo models demonstrated that E. hellem-infected mice were more susceptible to further pathogenic challenges, and DCs were identified as the most affected groups of cells. In vitro assays revealed that E. hellem infection impaired DCs' immune functions, reflected by down-regulated cytokine expressions, lower extent of maturation, phagocytosis ability, and antigen presentations. E. hellem infection also detained DCs' potencies to prime and stimulate T cells; therefore, host immunities were disrupted. We found that E. hellem Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PP1 directly interacts with host p38α (MAPK14) to manipulate the p38α(MAPK14)/NFAT5 axis of the MAPK pathway. Our study is the first to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the impairing effects of microsporidia on host DCs' immune functions. The emergence of microsporidiosis may be of great threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Bao
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlin Tang
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yebo Chen
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyan Jin
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhen An
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Cao
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huarui Zhang
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- https://ror.org/01kj4z117 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Tersigni J, Tamim El Jarkass H, James EB, Reinke AW. Interactions between microsporidia and other members of the microbiome. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13025. [PMID: 38561869 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is the collection of microbes that are associated with a host. Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites that can infect most types of animals. In the last decade, there has been much progress to define the relationship between microsporidia and the microbiome. In this review, we cover an increasing number of reports suggesting that microsporidia are common components of the microbiome in both invertebrates and vertebrates. These microsporidia infections can range from mutualistic to pathogenic, causing several physiological phenotypes, including death. Infection with microsporidia often causes a disruption in the normal microbiome, with both increases and decreases of bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan species being observed. This impact on the microbiome can occur through upregulation and downregulation of innate immunity as well as morphological changes to tissues that impact interactions with these microbes. Other microbes, particularly bacteria, can inhibit microsporidia and have been exploited to control microsporidia infections. These bacteria can function through regulating immunity, secreting anti-microsporidia compounds, and, in engineered versions, expressing double-stranded RNA targeting microsporidia genes. We end this review by discussing potential future directions to further understand the complex interactions between microsporidia and the other members of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tersigni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Edward B James
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jin J, Tang Y, Cao L, Wang X, Chen Y, An G, Zhang H, Pan G, Bao J, Zhou Z. Microsporidia persistence in host impairs epithelial barriers and increases chances of inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361023. [PMID: 38149855 PMCID: PMC10846195 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03610-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are intracellular fungus-like pathogens and the infection symptoms include recurrent diarrhea and systematic inflammations. The major infection route of microsporidia is the digestive tract. Since microsporidia are hard to fully eliminate, the interactions and persistence of the pathogen within epithelium may modulate host susceptibility to digestive disorders. In this study, both in vitro and in vivo infection models were applied. The alterations of epithelial barrier integrity, permeability, and tight junction proteins after microsporidia infection were assessed on MDCK/Caco-2 monolayers. The fecal intestinal microbiota and tissue alterations after microsporidia infection were assessed on C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the susceptibility to develop dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) was also analyzed by the murine infection model. The results demonstrated that microsporidia infection increased epithelium permeability, weakened wound healing capability, and destructed tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. Microsporidia infection also dysregulates intestinal microbiota. These impairing effects of microsporidia increased host vulnerability to develop enteritis as shown by the murine model of DSS-induced IBD. Our study is the first to elucidate molecular mechanisms of the damaging effects of microsporidia on host epithelium and pointed out the cryptic threats of latent microsporidia infection to public health as reflected by the increased chances of developing more severe diseases.IMPORTANCEMicrosporidia are widely present in nature and usually cause latent and persistent infections in hosts. Given the fact that the digestive tract is the major infection route, it is of great importance to explore the consequences of microsporidia infection on the intestinal epithelial barrier and the risks to the host. In this study, we demonstrated the destructing effects of microsporidium infection on epithelial barriers manifested as increased epithelial permeability, weakened wound healing ability, and disrupted tight junctions. Moreover, microsporidia made the host more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease. These findings provide new evidence for us to better understand and develop novel strategies for microsporidia prevention and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlin Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yebo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhen An
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huarui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zheng Y, Yang K, Shen J, Chen X, He C, Xiao P. Huangqin Tea Total Flavonoids-Gut Microbiota Interactions: Based on Metabolome and Microbiome Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:4410. [PMID: 38137214 PMCID: PMC10742805 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huangqin tea (HQT), a Non-Camellia Tea derived from the aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, is widely used in the north of China. The intervention effects of HQT on intestinal inflammation and tumors have been found recently, but the active ingredient and mechanism of action remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between the potential flavonoid active components and gut microbiota through culture experiments in vitro combined with HPLC-UV, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The results showed that the HQT total flavonoids were mainly composed of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, and others, which interact closely with gut microbiota. After 48 h, the primary flavonoid glycosides transformed into corresponding aglycones with varying degrees of deglycosylation. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was changed significantly. The beneficial bacteria, such as Enterococcus and Parabacteroides, were promoted, while the harmful bacteria, such as Shigella, were inhibited. The functional prediction results have indicated notable regulatory effects exerted by total flavonoids and scutellarin on various pathways, including purine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, among others, to play a role in the intervention of inflammation and tumor-related diseases. These findings provided valuable insights for further in-depth research and investigation of the active ingredients, metabolic processes, and mechanisms of HQT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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Hidifira AM, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Perez EC, Spadacci-Morena DD, de Araujo RS, Lallo MA. Increased susceptibility to encephalitozoonosis associated with mixed Th1/Th2 profile and M1/M2 profile in mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. Exp Parasitol 2023; 254:108606. [PMID: 37666408 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a unicellular, spore-forming, obligate intracellular eukaryote belonging to the phylum Microsporidia. It is known to infect mainly immunocompromised and immunocompetent mammals, including humans. The parasite-host relationship has been evaluated using both in vitro cell culturing and animal models. For example, Balb/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains have been used interchangeably, although the latter has been considered more susceptible due to the higher fungal load observed after infection. In the present study, we identified the characteristics of the immune response of C57BL/6 mice treated or not with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (Cy) and challenged with E. cuniculi by intraperitoneal route. After 14 days of infection, serum was collected to analyze Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine levels. In addition, peritoneal washes were performed, and the spleen sample was collected for immune cell phenotyping, whereas liver, spleen, kidney, lung, intestine, and central nervous system (CNS) samples were collected for histopathological analysis. Although infected mice displayed a reduced absolute number of macrophages, they showed an M1 profile, an elevated number of CD4+T, CD8+T, B-1, and B-2 lymphocytes, with a predominance of Th1 inflammatory cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and interleukin [IL]-2) and Th17. Furthermore, Cy-Infected mice showed a reduced absolute number of macrophages with an M1 profile but a reduced number of CD4+T, CD8+T, B-1, and B-2 lymphocytes, with a predominance of Th1 inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4). This group displayed a higher fungal burden as well and developed more severe encephalitozoonosis, which was associated with a reduced number of T and B lymphocytes and a mixed profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Miyuki Hidifira
- Programa de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Anete Lallo
- Programa de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lin C, Huang FY, Zhou SYD, Li H, Zhang X, Su JQ. HiLi-chip: A high-throughput library construction chip for comprehensive profiling of environmental microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113650. [PMID: 35690091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the contribution and associations of environmental microbes to ecological health and human well-being is in great demand with the goal of One Health proposed. To achieve the goal, there is an urgent need for accurate approaches to obtaining a large amount of high-resolution molecular information from various microbes. In this study, we developed a high-throughput library construction chip (HiLi-Chip) for profiling environmental microbial communities and evaluated its performance. The HiLi-Chip showed high conformity with the conventional Pacbio method in terms of α-diversity, community composition of abundant bacteria (>83%), as well as rare taxa (>84%) and human pathogens detection (>67%), indicating its advantages of accuracy, high-throughput, cost-efficiency, and broad practicability. It is suggested that the optimal strategy of the HiLi-Chip was a 2.4 μL PCR mixture per sample (∼2.4 ng DNA) with a 216-sample × 24-replicate format. We have successfully applied the HiLi-Chip to the Jiulongjiang River and identified 51 potential human bacterial pathogens with a total relative abundance of 0.22%. Additionally, under limited nutrients and similar upstream environments, bacteria tended to impose competitive pressures, resulting in a more connected network at the downstream river confluence (RC). Whereas narrow niche breadth of bacteria and upstream environmental heterogeneity probably promoted niche complementary and environment selection leading to fewer links at RC in the midsection of the river. Core bacteria might represent the entire bacterial community and enhance network stability through synergistic interactions with other core bacteria. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the HiLi-Chip is a robust tool for rapid comprehensive profiling of microbial communities in environmental samples and has significant implications for a profound understanding of environmental microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shu-Yi-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Lu Y, An G, Wang X, Tang Y, Jin J, Bao J, Zhou Z. Encephalitozoon hellem Infection Promotes Monocytes Extravasation. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080914. [PMID: 36015036 PMCID: PMC9412707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microsporidia are a group of obligated intracellular fungus pathogens. Monocytes and the derivative macrophages are among the most important players in host immunity. The invasion of microsporidia may significantly affect the monocytes maturation and extravasation processes. Methods: We utilized a previously established microsporidia infection murine model to investigate the influences of microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection on monocyte maturation, releasing into the circulation and extravasation to the inflammation site. Flow cytometry and qPCR analysis were used to compare the monocytes and derivative macrophages isolated from bone marrow, peripheral blood and tissues of E. hellem-infected and control mice. Results: The results showed that the pro-inflammatory group of CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes are promoted in E. hellem-infected mice. Interestingly, the percentage of Ly-6C+ monocytes from E. hellem-infected mice are significantly lower in peripheral blood while significantly higher in the inflamed small intestine, together with up-regulated ratio of F4/80 macrophage in small intestine as well. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that E. hellem infection leads to promoted monocytes maturation in bone marrow, up-regulation of extravasation from peripheral blood to inflammation site and maturation into macrophages. Our study is the first systematic analysis of monocytes maturation and trafficking during microsporidia infection, and will provide better understanding of the pathogen–host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guozhen An
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunlin Tang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangyan Jin
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Zhang B, Deng J, Xie J, Wu H, Wei C, Li Z, Qiu G, Wei C, Zhu S. Microbial community composition and function prediction involved in the hydrolytic bioreactor of coking wastewater treatment process. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:426. [PMID: 35751757 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic acidification process has a strong ability to conduct denitrogenation and increase the biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratio in O/H/O coking wastewater treatment system. More than 80% of the total nitrogen (TN) was removed in the hydrolytic bioreactor, and the hydrolytic acidification process contributed to the provision of carbon sources for the subsequent nitrification process. The structure and diversity of microbial communities were elaborated using high-throughput MiSeq of the 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonged to phyla Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant taxa involved in the denitrogenation and degradation of refractory contaminants in the hydrolytic bioreactor, with relative abundances of 22.94 ± 3.72, 29.77 ± 2.47, and 18.23 ± 0.26%, respectively. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that the OTUs belonged to the genera Thiobacillus, Rhodoplanes, and Hylemonella in the hydrolytic bioreactor strongly positively correlated with the chemical oxygen demand, TN, and the removal of phenolics, respectively. The results of a microbial co-occurrence network analysis showed that the OTUs belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Rhodoplanes had a significant impact on the efficiency of removal of contaminants that contained nitrogen in the hydrolytic bioreactor. The potential function profiling results indicate the complementarity of nitrogen metabolism, methane metabolism, and sulfur metabolism sub-pathways that were considered to play a significant role in the process of denitrification. These results provide new insights into the further optimization of the performance of the hydrolytic bioreactor in coking wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsi Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junting Xie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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