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Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yu S, Zhuo H, Huang Y, Lyu J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Mi Z, Liu Y. Identification and characterization of the capsule depolymerase Dpo27 from phage IME-Ap7 specific to Acinetobacter pittii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1373052. [PMID: 38808067 PMCID: PMC11130378 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1373052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the Acinetobacter genus, Acinetobacter pittii stands out as an important opportunistic infection causative agent commonly found in hospital settings, which poses a serious threat to human health. Recently, the high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. pittii isolates has created significant therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Bacteriophages and their derived enzymes are promising therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, studies investigating the depolymerases specific to A. pittii strains are scarce. In this study, we identified and characterized a capsule depolymerase, Dpo27, encoded by the bacteriophage IME-Ap7, which targets A. pittii. A total of 23 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were identified as A. pittii (21.91%, 23/105), and seven A. pittii strains with various K locus (KL) types (KL14, KL32, KL38, KL111, KL163, KL207, and KL220) were used as host bacteria for phage screening. The lytic phage IME-Ap7 was isolated using A. pittii 7 (KL220) as an indicator bacterium and was observed for depolymerase activity. A putative tail fiber gene encoding a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme (Dpo27) was identified and expressed. The results of the modified single-spot assay showed that both A. pittii 7 and 1492 were sensitive to Dpo27, which was assigned the KL220 type. After incubation with Dpo27, A. pittii strain was susceptible to killing by human serum; moreover, the protein displayed no hemolytic activity against erythrocytes. Furthermore, the protein exhibited sustained activity across a wide pH range (5.0-10.0) and at temperatures between 20 and 50°C. In summary, the identified capsule depolymerase Dpo27 holds promise as an alternative treatment for combating KL220-type A. pittii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Wang
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Zhuo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Youning Liu
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Singh RP, Sinha A, Deb S, Kumari K. First report on in-depth genome and comparative genome analysis of a metal-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter pittii S-30, isolated from environmental sample. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1351161. [PMID: 38741743 PMCID: PMC11089254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1351161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A newly isolated bacterium Acinetobacter pittii S-30 was recovered from waste-contaminated soil in Ranchi, India. The isolated bacterium belongs to the ESKAPE organisms which represent the major nosocomial pathogens that exhibit high antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis also showed its closest match (>95%) to other A. pittii genomes. The isolate showed metal-resistant behavior and was able to survive up to 5 mM of ZnSO4. Whole genome sequencing and annotations revealed the occurrence of various genes involved in stress protection, motility, and metabolism of aromatic compounds. Moreover, genome annotation identified the gene clusters involved in secondary metabolite production (biosynthetic gene clusters) such as arylpolyene, acinetobactin like NRP-metallophore, betalactone, and hserlactone-NRPS cluster. The metabolic potential of A. pittii S-30 based on cluster of orthologous, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated a high number of genes related to stress protection, metal resistance, and multiple drug-efflux systems etc., which is relatively rare in A. pittii strains. Additionally, the presence of various carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), and other genes associated with lignocellulose breakdown suggests that strain S-30 has strong biomass degradation potential. Furthermore, an analysis of genetic diversity and recombination in A. pittii strains was performed to understand the population expansion hypothesis of A. pittii strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the detailed genomic characterization of a heavy metal-resistant bacterium belonging to A. pittii. Therefore, the A. pittii S-30 could be a good candidate for the promotion of plant growth and other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ayushi Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Sushanta Deb
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Roy S, Morita D, Bhattacharya S, Dutta S, Basu S. Novel sequence type of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii ST1451 with enhanced virulence isolated from septicaemic neonates in India. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:779-783. [PMID: 38334368 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of Acinetobacter pittii is increasing, but reports of this organism causing neonatal sepsis are rare. OBJECTIVES To understand the mechanisms of resistance and virulence of A. pittii isolated from neonatal blood belonging to a novel sequence type. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility, MLST, WGS, phylogenomic comparison with a global collection of carbapenemase-harbouring A. pittii were done. To study the pathogenic potential of novel A. pittii, in vitro and in vivo assays were carried out. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Two novel multidrug-resistant A. pittii from neonatal blood belonging to a novel sequence type 1451 (ST1451) were isolated. WGS revealed that the isolates were almost similar (147 SNP distant) and harbouring two carbapenem resistance genes blaNDM-1 with upstream ISAba125 and downstream bleMBL along with blaOXA-58 with upstream ISAba3. Other resistance genes included blaADC-25, blaOXA-533, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3')-VIa, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IId, mph(E), msr(E), sul2 and tet(39), different efflux pump genes and amino acid substitutions within GyrA (Ser81Leu) and ParC (Ser84Leu; Glu88Ala) were detected among the isolates. The study genomes were closely related to four strains belonging to ST119. The isolates showed biofilm production, serum resistance, growth under iron limiting condition, surface-associated motility and adherence to host cell. Isolates induced cytokine production in the host cell and showed mice mortality. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report of the presence of blaNDM-1 in A. pittii from India along with another carbapenemase blaOXA-58. Emergence of highly virulent, multidrug-resistant A. pittii with attributes similar to A. baumannii calls for surveillance to identify the novel strains and their pathogenic and resistance potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Roy
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Daichi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sushmita Bhattacharya
- Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Sulagna Basu
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Migliaccio A, Bray J, Intoccia M, Stabile M, Scala G, Jolley KA, Brisse S, Zarrilli R. Phylogenomics of Acinetobacter species and analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264030. [PMID: 37928684 PMCID: PMC10620307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-baumannii Acinetobacter species are increasingly isolated in the clinical setting and the environment. The aim of the present study was to analyze a genome database of 837 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, which included 798 non-baumannii Acinetobacter genomes, in order to define the concordance of classification and discriminatory power of 7-gene MLST, 53-gene MLST, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) phylogenies. Methods Phylogenies were performed on Pasteur Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) or ribosomal Multilocus Sequence Typing (rMLST) concatenated alleles, or SNPs extracted from core genome alignment. Results The Pasteur MLST scheme was able to identify and genotype 72 species in the Acinetobacter genus, with classification results concordant with the ribosomal MLST scheme. The discriminatory power and genotyping reliability of the Pasteur MLST scheme were assessed in comparison to genome-wide SNP phylogeny on 535 non-baumannii Acinetobacter genomes assigned to Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter seifertii, and Acinetobacter lactucae (heterotypic synonym of Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae), which were the most clinically relevant non-baumannii species of the A. baumannii group. The Pasteur MLST and SNP phylogenies were congruent at Robinson-Fould and Matching cluster tests and grouped genomes into four and three clusters in A. pittii, respectively, and one each in A. seifertii. Furthermore, A. lactucae genomes were grouped into one cluster within A. pittii genomes. The SNP phylogeny of A. nosocomialis genomes showed a heterogeneous population and did not correspond to the Pasteur MLST phylogeny, which identified two recombinant clusters. The antimicrobial resistance genes belonging to at least three different antimicrobial classes were identified in 91 isolates assigned to 17 distinct species in the Acinetobacter genus. Moreover, the presence of a class D oxacillinase, which is a naturally occurring enzyme in several Acinetobacter species, was found in 503 isolates assigned to 35 Acinetobacter species. Conclusion In conclusion, Pasteur MLST phylogeny of non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates coupled with in silico detection of antimicrobial resistance makes it important to study the population structure and epidemiology of Acinetobacter spp. isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Bray
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Intoccia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Stabile
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Keith A. Jolley
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Tian C, Song J, Huang D, Wang S, Zhao Y, Fu L, Fan X, Ma T, Bai Y. Emergence of a ST248 Pasteur-ST1068 Oxford Carbapenem Resistance Acinetobacter pittii Clinical Isolate in China, Co-Harboring OXA-58 and OXA-500 Carbapenemases. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5681-5684. [PMID: 37662973 PMCID: PMC10474855 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s426182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongmei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Delian Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, People’s Republic of China
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Abdelrazik E, El-Hadidi M. Tracking Antibiotic Resistance from the Environment to Human Health. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2649:289-301. [PMID: 37258869 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3072-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the threats to our world according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Resistance is an evolutionary dynamic process where host-associated microbes have to adapt to their stressful environments. AMR could be classified according to the mechanism of resistance or the biome where resistance takes place. Antibiotics are one of the stresses that lead to resistance through antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The resistome could be defined as the collection of all ARGs in an organism's genome or metagenome. Currently, there is a growing body of evidence supporting that the environment is the largest source of ARGs, but to what extent the environment does contribute to the antimicrobial resistance evolution is a matter of investigation. Monitoring the ARGs transfer route from the environment to humans and vice versa is a nature-to-nature feedback loop where you cannot set an accurate starting point of the evolutionary event. Thus, tracking resistome evolution and transfer to and from different biomes is crucial for the surveillance and prediction of the next resistance outbreak.Herein, we review the overlap between clinical and environmental resistomes and the available databases and computational analysis tools for resistome analysis through ARGs detection and characterization in bacterial genomes and metagenomes. Till this moment, there is no tool that can predict the resistance evolution and dynamics in a distinct biome. But, hopefully, by understanding the complicated relationship between the environmental and clinical resistome, we could develop tools that track the feedback loop from nature to nature in terms of evolution, mobilization, and transfer of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelrazik
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Hadidi
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt.
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Tian C, Xing M, Fu L, Zhao Y, Fan X, Wang S. Emergence of uncommon KL38-OCL6-ST220 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii strain, co-producing chromosomal NDM-1 and OXA-820 carbapenemases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:943735. [PMID: 36034705 PMCID: PMC9411868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.943735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize one KL38-OCL6-ST220 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii strain, co-producing chromosomal NDM-1 and OXA-820 carbapenemases. Methods A. pittii TCM strain was isolated from a bloodstream infection (BSI). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted via disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Stability experiments of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-820 carbapenemase genes were further performed. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was analyzed based on the Pasteur and Oxford schemes. Resistance genes, virulence factors, and insertion sequences (ISs) were identified with ABRicate based on ResFinder 4.0, virulence factor database (VFDB), and ISfinder. Capsular polysaccharide (KL), lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL), and plasmid reconstruction were tested using Kaptive and PLACNETw. PHASTER was used to predict prophage regions. A comparative genomics analysis of all ST220 A. pittii strains from the public database was carried out. Point mutations, average nucleotide identity (ANI), DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) distances, and pan-genome analysis were performed. Results A. pittii TCM was ST220Pas and ST1818Oxf with KL38 and OCL6, respectively. It was resistant to imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin but still susceptible to amikacin, colistin, and tigecycline. WGS revealed that A. pittii TCM contained one circular chromosome and four plasmids. The Tn125 composite transposon, including blaNDM-1, was located in the chromosome with 3-bp target site duplications (TSDs). Many virulence factors and the blaOXA-820 carbapenemase gene were also identified. The stability assays revealed that blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-820 were stabilized by passage in an antibiotic-free medium. Moreover, 12 prophage regions were identified in the chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there are 11 ST220 A. pittii strains, and one collected from Anhui, China was closely related. All ST220 A. pittii strains presented high ANI and DDH values; they ranged from 99.85% to 100% for ANI and from 97.4% to 99.9% for DDH. Pan-genome analysis revealed 3,200 core genes, 0 soft core genes, 1,571 shell genes, and 933 cloud genes among the 11 ST220 A. pittii strains. Conclusions The coexistence of chromosomal NDM-1 and OXA-820 carbapenemases in A. pittii presents a huge challenge in healthcare settings. Increased surveillance of this species in hospital and community settings is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Core Facility, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Siwei Wang,
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Genetic Resistance Determinants in Clinical Acinetobacter pittii Genomes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050676. [PMID: 35625320 PMCID: PMC9137642 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria are an increasing problem in public health, especially in the healthcare environment, where nosocomial infection microorganisms find their niche. Among these bacteria, the genus Acinetobacter which belongs to the ESKAPE pathogenic group harbors different multi-drug resistant (MDR) species that cause human nosocomial infections. Although A. baumannii has always attracted more interest, the close-related species A. pittii is the object of more study due to the increase in its isolation and MDR strains. In this work, we present the genomic analysis of five clinically isolated A. pittii strains from a Spanish hospital, with special attention to their genetic resistance determinants and plasmid structures. All the strains harbored different genes related to β-lactam resistance, as well as different MDR efflux pumps. We also found and described, for the first time in this species, point mutations that seem linked with colistin resistance, which highlights the relevance of this comparative analysis among the pathogenic species isolates.
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Zhu R, Mathur V. Prophages Present in Acinetobacter pittii Influence Bacterial Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Genomic Rearrangements. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2022; 3:38-49. [PMID: 36161193 PMCID: PMC9041518 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance and virulence are common among bacterial populations, posing a global clinical challenge. The bacterial species Acinetobacter pittii, an infectious agent in clinical environments, has shown increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. Viruses that integrate as prophages into A. pittii could be a potential cause of this pathogenicity, as they often contain antibiotic resistance or virulence factor gene sequences. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 25 A. pittii strains for potential prophages. Using virulence factor databases, we identified many common and virulent prophages in A. pittii. Results: The analysis also included a specific catalogue of the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes contributed by A. pittii prophages. Finally, our results illustrate multiple similarities between A. pittii and its bacterial relatives with regard to prophage integration sites and prevalence. Discussion: These findings provide a broader insight into prophage behavior that can be applied to future studies on similar species in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinayak Mathur
- Department of Science, Cabrini University, Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA.,Address correspondence to: Vinayak Mathur, PhD, Department of Science, Cabrini University, 610 King of Prussia Road, IAD 224, Radnor, PA 19087-3698, USA
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10
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Lynch JP, Clark NM, Zhanel GG. Infections Due to Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex: Escalation of Antimicrobial Resistance and Evolving Treatment Options. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:97-124. [PMID: 35172361 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria within the genus Acinetobacter (principally A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex [ABC]) are gram-negative coccobacilli that most often cause infections in nosocomial settings. Community-acquired infections are rare, but may occur in patients with comorbidities, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung or renal disease, malignancy, or impaired immunity. Most common sites of infections include blood stream, skin/soft-tissue/surgical wounds, ventilator-associated pneumonia, orthopaedic or neurosurgical procedures, and urinary tract. Acinetobacter species are intrinsically resistant to multiple antimicrobials, and have a remarkable ability to acquire new resistance determinants via plasmids, transposons, integrons, and resistance islands. Since the 1990s, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has escalated dramatically among ABC. Global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-ABC strains reflects dissemination of a few clones between hospitals, geographic regions, and continents; excessive antibiotic use amplifies this spread. Many isolates are resistant to all antimicrobials except colistimethate sodium and tetracyclines (minocycline or tigecycline); some infections are untreatable with existing antimicrobial agents. AMR poses a serious threat to effectively treat or prevent ABC infections. Strategies to curtail environmental colonization with MDR-ABC require aggressive infection-control efforts and cohorting of infected patients. Thoughtful antibiotic strategies are essential to limit the spread of MDR-ABC. Optimal therapy will likely require combination antimicrobial therapy with existing antibiotics as well as development of novel antibiotic classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nina M Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Yang L, Dong N, Xu C, Ye L, Chen S. Emergence of ST63 Pandrug-Resistant Acinetobacter pittii Isolated From an AECOPD Patient in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:739211. [PMID: 34722334 PMCID: PMC8552005 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.739211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter sp. is among the ESKAPE organisms which represent the major nosocomial pathogens that exhibited a high resistance rate. A. pittii, frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance particularly to carbapenems, is one of the most common Acinetobacter species causing invasive infection. Pandrug resistant A. pittii has rarely been reported. Here, we report the case of a patient with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease three years after double lung transplantation and developed severe pneumonia associated with pandrug resistant A. pittii infection. Phenotypic and genomic characteristics of this pandrug resistant isolate (17-84) was identified, and the mechanisms underlying its resistance phenotypes were analyzed. Isolate 17-84 belonged to ST63, carried a non-typable and non-transferable plasmid encoding multiple acquired resistance genes including carbapenemase gene bla OXA-58. Point mutations and acquired resistance genes were identified which were associated with different drug resistance phenotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed phenotypic and genomic characterization of PDR A. pittii causing severe infections in clinical settings. Findings from us and others indicate that A. pittii could serve as a reservoir for carbapenem determinants. The emergence of such a superbug could pose a serious threat to public health. Further surveillance of PDR A. pittii strains and implementation of stricter control measures are needed to prevent this emerging pathogen from further disseminating in hospital settings and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,State Key Lab of Chemical Science and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lianwei Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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